句子成分 (2)

1、句子的成分預(yù)習(xí)1）I am a student. 2）They are friends.3）We went to the movies yesterday. 4）She is watching TV.5）He is going camping next week. 6）-Where is Li Lei? -He has gone to Japan.句子是由詞按照一定的語法結(jié)構(gòu)組成的。組成句子的各個部分叫做句子的成分，包括：主語、 謂語、表語、賓語、賓語補足語、定語和狀語。 主語和謂語是句子的主體部分。主語The Subject主語是謂語講述的對象，表示句子所說的是“什么人”或“什么事物”，一般

2、由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語等充當(dāng)。主語一般在句首。Gina is from Australia. Lucy is an American girl.She often goes to the movies. We study in No.1 Middle School.The classroom is very clean. Three plus five equals eight.To teach them English is my job. It is my job to teach them English.不定式作主語時，常用形式主語it句型Gina, Lucy,Sh

3、e,We,The classroom,Three plus five,To teach them English名 詞Noun（n.）我們身邊存在著形形色色的人和物，它們都有自己的稱呼，我們用來稱呼它們的詞就是名詞。概括來說表示人、事物、地方、現(xiàn)象或抽象概念等的名稱的詞都叫名詞。 如： Tom,China,boy,door,pencil,peace謂 語The Predicate說明主語“做什么”、“是什么”或者“怎么樣”。謂語（謂語部分里主要的詞）必須用動詞。謂語和主語在“人稱”和“數(shù)”兩方面必須一致。 謂語一般在主語后面。We are both quiet. He has a tootha

4、che. His parents are teachers.She looks well. We study hard. We have finished the job. He can speak English.are quiet;has a toothache;are teachers;looks well;study;have finished;can speak表 語The Predicative說明主語“是什么”或者“怎么樣”，由名詞、形容詞或相當(dāng)于名詞或形容詞的詞或短語等充當(dāng)，和系動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語。 一般在系動詞后面。Her mother is a bank clerk. Are

5、 you ready? Our country is getting stronger.You look younger than before. They are at home now. My book is on the desk.Everybody is here.a bank clerk;ready;getting stronger;younger;at home;on the desk;here賓 語The Object表示動作、行為的對象，由名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語等充當(dāng)，和及物動詞一起說明主語“做什么”。 一般在謂語之后。 All of us like him. Hes

6、 playing soccer. Can I ask some questions?She is playing the piano now. He often helps me.Lucy likes to sleep in the open air. We enjoy living in China.him;soccer;questions;the piano;me;to sleep;living定語The Attribute用來修飾名詞或代詞。由形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、介詞短語不定式或相當(dāng)于形容詞的詞或短語等充當(dāng)。 因為名詞、代詞既可做主語，又可做表語、賓語，所以定語的位置很靈活，凡有名

7、詞、代詞的地方都可以有定語。I have something to do. Whats your name,please?Shes a good basketball player. The girl behind the tree is my sister.The little boy gave me a big apple. The black bike is mine. They made paper flower.to do;your;good;behind the tree;little, big;black;paper狀語The Adverbial用來修飾動詞、形容詞或副詞，一般表

8、示行為發(fā)生的時間、地點、目的、方式、程度等意義，通常由副詞、介詞短語不定式或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短語等來充當(dāng)。People are all working hard. Beijing is not very cold in winter.He did it carefully. They want to see her very badly.Without his help,we couldnt work it out. Suddenly it began to rain.He sat there smoking. 補 語英語中有些句子只有賓語并不能表達(dá)完整的意思，還必須在賓語后加上賓語補足語才能

9、表達(dá)完整的意思?！百e語+賓語補足語”合稱復(fù)合賓語。賓語補足語主要用來說明賓語的特征、狀態(tài)或身份，主要由形容詞、名詞、副詞、介詞短語、分詞等充當(dāng)。I found it very difficult to find work. Yesterday he got his leg broken.We found Lily out when we arrived. The boss kept them working all day.I saw a stranger enter the building. If you let me go,I will make you king.Leave the d

10、oor open.句子成分隨堂練Last week I went to the supermarket. The play was very interesting.I cant hear a word. They were talking loudly.It was Sunday. I never get up early on Sundays.I looked at the young man and the young woman angrily.I read a few lines,but I didnt understand a word.My holidays passed qui

11、ckly,but I didnt send cards to my friends.I got up early and bought thirty cards.He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia.He has just bought a car and has gone to Alice Springs,a small town in the centre of Australia.He calls at every ho

12、use in the street once a month and always asks for a meal and a glass of beer.Its school time again! Youre probably feeling excited and maybe a little sad that summer is over. Some kids feel nervous or a little scared on the first day of school because of all the new things: new teachers, new friend

13、s, and even a new school. Luckily, these “new” worries only stick around for a little while. Lets find out more about going to a new school.Most teachers kick off the new school year by introducing themselves and talking about all the stuff youll be doing that year. Some teachers give students a cha

14、nce to tell something about themselves to the rest of the class, too. When teachers do the talking on the first day, they often go over classroom rules and school rules so youll know whats allowed and whats not. Please pay close attention You might already know a lot of people in your classes on the

15、 first day, but its a great day to make a new friend, so try to say hello to kids you know and new ones that you dont. Make the first move and youll be glad you did, and so will your new friend!Seeing friends you havent seen in a while can make the first day a good one. You can make the day feel spe

16、cial by wearing clothes that you really like. Maybe you got a great T-shirt on one of your vacations, or a pair of sneakers（運動鞋）. It also can make you feel good to be prepared and have all the things you need, such as pencils, folders, and whatever else youll be needing. But make sure that you pack

17、them the night before in case you dont have time in the morning.56. The underlined phrase “kick off” in the second paragraph probably means “_”.A. start B. study C. find D. teach57. The last paragraphs mainly tell us about _.A. what to know about a new school B. how to prepare for a new school C. wh

18、at to do on your first day of school D. how to spend your first day of school58. According to the passage you usually do everything on the first day of school except _.A. introduce yourself B. learn about the school rules C. make new friends D. go over your new lessons59. If you happen to see an old

19、 friend on the first day of school, from the passage we know that you will feel _A. nervous B. lucky C. happy D. excitedB Its good to get along with your teacher because it makes the time you spend in the classroom more pleasant. Its also good to get along with your teacher because, in general, its

20、smart to learn how to relate to the different types of people youll meet throughout your life. But really, theres one super-important reason why you should get along with your teacher. When you do, “l(fā)earning bursts right open,” says Evelyn Vuko, a longtime teacher who writes an education column call

21、ed “Teacher Says” for the Washington Post newspaper. In fact, kids who get along with their teachers not only learn more, but theyre also more comfortable asking questions and getting extra help. This makes it easier to understand new material and do the best on tests. When you have this kind of rel

22、ationship with a teacher, he or she can be someone to turn to when you have problems, such as problems with learning, school issues, or bullying.As a kid in elementary or middle school, youre at a wonderful stage in your life. Youre like a sponge（海綿）, able to take in lots of new and exciting informa

23、tion. On top of that, youre able to think about all this information in new ways. Remember teachers are people too, and they feel great if youre open to what theyre teaching you. Thats why they wanted to be teachers in the first placeto teach!In every school, kids will say certain teachers are tough. In fact, in most cases, your teacher wants to help you. And a teacher whos called tough may be someone who feels strongly about getting his or her job done teaching you what you are supposed to learn. 60. How do you understand the phrase “get along with” in this