初中過(guò)去完成時(shí)講解練習(xí)及答案

1、過(guò)去完成時(shí)一、過(guò)去完成時(shí)的概念與結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn) 概念：過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去（ past-in-the-past ）”。-|- |-|-那時(shí)以前 那時(shí) 現(xiàn)在 構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+had+過(guò)去分詞（p.p），其中 had 通用于各種人稱(chēng)。They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel. She had finished writing the composition by 10 ：00 this morning. 肯定句：主語(yǔ)+had+過(guò)去分詞. 否定句：主語(yǔ)+had+not+

2、過(guò)去分詞. 一般疑問(wèn)句：Had+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞? 肯定回答：Yes,主語(yǔ)+had 否定回答：No,主語(yǔ)+hadnt 特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞或詞組+一般疑問(wèn)句（Had+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞）？ 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主語(yǔ)+had（hadnt)+been+過(guò)去分詞二、過(guò)去完成時(shí)的判斷依據(jù) 1. 由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)來(lái)判定 一般說(shuō)來(lái)，各種時(shí)態(tài)都有特定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。與過(guò)去完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有： （ 1 ） by + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如： I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night. （ 2 ） by the end of + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如： We had

3、 learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. （ 3 ） before + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如： They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 2. 由“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”來(lái)判定。 過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，是指過(guò)去某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作，即動(dòng)作有先后關(guān)系，動(dòng)作在前的用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，在后的用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。這種用法常出現(xiàn)在： （ 1 ）賓語(yǔ)從句中 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的主句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，且從句的動(dòng)作先于主句的動(dòng)作時(shí)，從句要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。在told,

4、said, knew, heard, thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句。如： She said that she had seen the film before. （ 2 ）狀語(yǔ)從句中 在時(shí)間、條件、原因、方式等狀語(yǔ)從句中，主、從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生有先后關(guān)系，動(dòng)作在前的，要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，動(dòng)作在后的要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如： When I got to the station, the train had already left. After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. 注意： before, after 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，由于 bef

5、ore 和 after 本身已表達(dá)了動(dòng)作的先后關(guān)系，若主、從句表示的動(dòng)作緊密相連，則主、從句都用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如： Where did you study before you came here? After he closed the door, he left the classroom. （ 3 ）表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示原本，未能 We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt.3. 根據(jù)上、下文來(lái)判定。 I met Wang T

6、ao in the street yesterday. We hadnt seen each other since he went to Beijing.三、過(guò)去完成時(shí)的主要用法 1. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成或結(jié)束，即發(fā)生在“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。如： When I woke up, it had stopped raining. 我醒來(lái)時(shí)，雨已經(jīng)停了。（主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”） 2. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)是一個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài)，表示的是“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，只有和過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或某一動(dòng)作相比較時(shí)才使用它。如： He told me that he had written a

7、new book. (had written 發(fā)生在 told 之前 ) 3. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)需要與一個(gè)表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，它不能離開(kāi)過(guò)去時(shí)間而獨(dú)立存在。此時(shí)多與 already ， yet ， still ， just ， before ， never 等時(shí)間副詞及 by ， before ， until 等引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)或從句連用。如：Before she came to China, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years. Peter had collected more than 300 Chine

8、se stamps by the time he was ten. 4. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過(guò)去某時(shí)之前已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到這一過(guò)去時(shí)間，而且動(dòng)作尚未結(jié)束，仍然有繼續(xù)下去的可能。如： By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years. （ had worked 已有了 20 年，還有繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去的可能）5. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)還可用在hardlywhen, no soonerthan(剛就), It was the first (second, etc) time (that)等固定句型中。 e.g

9、：Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him. 他剛開(kāi)始演講，聽(tīng)眾就打斷了他。 No sooner had he arrived than he went away again. 他剛到就又走了。 It was the third time that he had been out of work that year. 這是他那一年第三次失業(yè)了。四、過(guò)去完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，但側(cè)重對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或造成的影響，與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“助動(dòng)詞 have (has) + 過(guò)去分詞”；

10、過(guò)去完成時(shí)則是一個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài)，它所表示的動(dòng)作不僅發(fā)生在過(guò)去，更強(qiáng)調(diào)“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，只有和過(guò)去某時(shí)或某動(dòng)作相比較時(shí)，才用到它。試比較： I have learned 1000 English words so far. 到目前為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了 1000 個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞。 I had learned 1000 English words till then.到那時(shí)為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了 1000 個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞。 Im sorry to keep you waiting. 對(duì)不起，讓你久等了。 Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes. 沒(méi)什么，我只

11、等了幾分鐘。（“等”的動(dòng)作從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在） John returned home yesterday. 約翰昨天回到家的。 Where had he been? 他去哪兒了？（答語(yǔ)中使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)是指約翰在 returned home 之前去了哪些地方，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”）練習(xí) 一 單項(xiàng)選擇1He asked me _ during the summer holidays.A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I gone 2. What _ Jane _ by the tim

12、e he was sever?A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done3. I _ 900 English words by the time I was ten。A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt4. She _ lived here for _ years.A. had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of5. By the time my parents reached hom

13、e yesterday, I _ the dinner already.A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked6. She said she _ the principle alreadyA .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen7. She said her family_ themselves _ the army during the war.A. has hidden, from B. had hidden, from C. has hidden, with D. had hidd

14、en, with8. By the time he was ten years old, he _.A. has completed university B. has completed the universityB. had completed an university D. had completed university9. She had written a number of books _ the end of last year.A. for B. in C. by D. at 10. He _ to play _ before he was 11 years old.A

15、had learned, piano B. had learned, the piano C. has learned, the piano D. learns ,piano. 11. What _ Annie _ by the time he was ten?A. did, do B. did, did C. has, done D. had done 12 .He _ in the factory for three years before he joined the Army.A. has worked B. works C. had worked D. will work13. By

16、 the end of last week, they _ the bridge.A. has completed B. Completed C. will complete D. had completed14. Ben hates playing _ violin, but he likes playing _ football.A. athe B. the the C. / the D. the/15. By the time he was 4, he _ a lot of German words.A. had learned B. has learned C. learned D.

17、learns 16 .Jim turned off the lights and then _ the classroom.A. was left B. had left C. has left D. left 17.They _ in Guangzhou since 2000.A. lived B. had lived C. have lived D. were living18. The train from Beijing_ ten minutes ago.A. has arrived B. was arriving C. arrived D. had arrived19. The st

18、udents _ their classroom when the visitors arrived. A . have cleaned B. had cleaned C. was cleaned D. have been cleaned20. Fergie _ the project in one hour.A. have finished B. will finish C. finishes D. has finished21. The man _ his coat and went out.A. put on B. had put on C. will put on D. was put

19、ting on二用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. We _ (paint) the house before we _ (move) in.2. That rich old man _ (make) a will before he _ (die).3. They _ (study) the map of the country before they _ (leave).4. The robbers _ (run away ) before the policemen_ (arrive).5. I _ (turn off) all the lights before I _ (go) to bed.

20、6. Paul _ (go) out with Jane after he _ (make) a phone call.7. Tom _ (say) he _ (read) the book twice.8. Our plan _ (fail ) because we _ (make) a bad mistake.9. When the chairman _ (finish) speaking, he _ (leave)the hall.10.The Reads _ _ (have) lunch when I _ (get) to their house.11.When I _ (arrive

21、) at the station, he _ (leave).12.We _ (learn) about 4000 English words by the end of last term.13. I waited until he _ (finish) his homework.14. We were surprised at what she _already _(do)15.She _ (not go) to Qingdao because she _ (be) there before.三句型轉(zhuǎn)換1I had sold the ticket when she came.（改否定句） 2.She had sung a song to us before she danced.（改否定句） 3.They began to climb the mountain after they had bought all the food and drinks.（否定） 4.By 10:00 a.m, I had been very hungry. （改一般疑問(wèn)） 5.Lucy h