高考英語短文改錯專題教學(xué).ppt

1、解題規(guī)律方法,縱觀近年高考英語短文改錯題，學(xué)生和老師都 認(rèn)為難度不大，然而，每年高考中還是有不少考生對此題深感頭痛，主要原因是： 一 .考生的英語基礎(chǔ)知識 不扎實. 二.考生缺乏對短文改錯命題 特點(diǎn)的了解和做題 規(guī)律方法的總結(jié).,一、命題特點(diǎn)和高考概況： 1、 “短文改錯”主要考查學(xué)生對英語語言運(yùn) 用的準(zhǔn)確性。短文往往選用一篇130個詞左右 2、 近兩年的高考試題中“短文改錯” 主要是學(xué)生在日常學(xué)習(xí)中的常見錯誤，詞匯、語法、語篇理解行文邏輯以及慣用法的錯誤。 3 、命題的總原則是要求學(xué)生能夠整篇理解，分行識錯，從錯誤的類型看可分為對、錯、加、減四個方面，即，正確打，錯誤改正，缺詞添加，多詞刪除

2、。并要求以規(guī)范的符號進(jìn)行表示。 1對:3缺/加:6改 1對：1缺：1加：7改,那么，做短文改錯題 有哪些規(guī)律和方法呢？ 平時學(xué)習(xí)應(yīng)注意做到以下幾點(diǎn)： 1.廣泛閱讀，增強(qiáng)語感，注重語篇的整體把握提高語言知識運(yùn)用的準(zhǔn)確性 . 2. 規(guī)范使用常用的詞語和習(xí)語. 3. .注重基礎(chǔ)知識和基本技能。(基礎(chǔ)語法) 錯誤的設(shè)置一般都是中學(xué)生寫作時常出現(xiàn)的錯誤 。改錯訓(xùn)練和書面表達(dá)訓(xùn)練結(jié)合（NC2改錯和仿寫）. 多接觸正確的內(nèi)容，練習(xí)改錯時間應(yīng)適量 .,臨場應(yīng)試技巧 : “三歩”，“六原則和“四不改” 三歩： 1.No context, no text. 通讀全文，掌握大意。 2.整句理解,逐行分析。以句為單位

3、，細(xì)讀每個完整句子，前后聯(lián)系 . 3.復(fù)讀全文，驗證答案 . 六原則： 1.一行一錯, 在有錯行改動一詞。 2.改變實詞（n./ v./adj./ adv.）形式，不能將一個實詞換成另一個實詞. 3.最小限度地改變單詞形式 . 4.添加或刪除虛詞(如冠詞，介詞,小品詞to等). 5.多改正，少添加或刪除. 6.最大限度地保持句子和短文原意.,短文改錯應(yīng)注意的問題,四不改: 標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號不改。 大小寫不改。 詞序錯誤不改。 單詞拼寫不改 。 文中出現(xiàn)帶漢語注釋的詞，在句中不可能用錯。,Dont forget!,四、錯詞類型歸納,提高改錯的準(zhǔn)確率,短文改錯打油詩,短文改錯要做好，常見類型應(yīng)記牢。 名詞

4、愛考“數(shù)”與“格”，冠詞在前“錯/多/少”。 動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)，非謂語搭配莫錯了。 連代形副錯一樣，多是故意來混淆。 介詞多半考搭配，多漏誤用想周到。 句法涉及到“一致”，從句多考關(guān)系詞。 詞法句法均未錯，邏輯推理去尋找。 “1126”慣常比，回讀復(fù)查敲定稿。,改錯方式比例：通常一個正確，一個多詞，兩個缺詞，六個錯詞,動詞形，名詞數(shù) 還要注意形和副 非謂語，細(xì)辨別 介詞、短語要牢記,A Limerick,代詞格，細(xì)領(lǐng)悟 句子成分多分析 冠詞連詞常光顧 邏輯錯誤須關(guān)注,一、動詞形,1.時態(tài)錯誤。(過去時/現(xiàn)在時) 08 I win a national prize for painting las

5、t week It is 5 years now since I graduate from08遼寧 The time passes quickly.02 ,they discover a hole in the balloon.06-2 but I tried to act as if nothing has happened(07福建) When they came here, I will show them08四川 2. 語態(tài)錯誤。(Vi / linking-verb.) the animal were disappeared from the house. I invited to

6、talk about Tianjin. After that they asked me (08天津),3. 主謂不一致 (people, cattle, police; neithernor, not only but ,eitheror， there be; except, with, as well as, including; ) of winning the prize. What were better, I had useful (10) the kangaroo were free, it jumped up and ran away (07四川) So do our frie

7、nd, Cathy. August is the best time(08福建) (08安徽) One day, while my friend and I was traveling there are no need to spend money.04-2 4.缺少謂語動詞（尤其缺be動詞） She afraid of staying at home alone.,4.非謂語錯用 （謂語和非謂語的錯用； V-ing 和 V-ed混用；to的多用，少用或誤用） The air keeps the balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon

8、was (06全國2) My father was so pleasing that (08) I knocked at the door and was delighting05江西 Yes, a concert can be very excited(04-2) I have some records giving to me as(04-2) The crowd was very surprised see this(06-2) ,so well have plenty of spare time visit the area (06福建) I will do my best to he

9、lp making(05-2) I would finish 300 envelops and to earn the money.(08浙江),5.固定搭配(1）Vi/ Vt 混用 結(jié)合Prep./adv.考 They survived from the earthquake. serve for sb./ return back / repeat again Lucy agreed to marry to Tom. Evening came down. We spent the night in02 (2)固定用法 often dreamed of talk face to face (0

10、8) He agreed to reading my story(10) Im writing to ask you come to(06浙江) are worth think of ,such as(08重慶) Though I had difficulty walk back to(07福建) Wed better not to finish the chance.(08重慶) 方法：一個簡單句只能有一個謂語動詞,二 名詞數(shù) (1) U.N./ C.N . 混用 advices on how to write like a real writer. (10) furniture, fun,

11、 knowledge, news, progress, information, weather, homework etc. (2)C.N.單獨(dú)使用加冠詞 / 名詞改復(fù)數(shù) There was Uncle Chen, gentleman living(10) One day, the school had party, where(08天津) for half a month, visiting place of interest(08) On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful.(02

12、) (3)所有格（形近詞混用） We took our holiday at my uncle,解決方法: 看修飾語 (07福建) Many of my classmate threw me up into the air Both my parent miss you a lot(08福建) 看主謂一致 (05) There are advantage for students to work while C.N.不單獨(dú)使用 As everyone knows, its famous mountain(02) 根據(jù)實際情況判斷單復(fù)數(shù) I looked at his other hands(0

13、7) 固定搭配 But one and a half year(05-2) It will be a big surprising for them(08四川) shake hands; make friends; in ruins; good manners ; difficult-difficulty;,三 形容詞和副詞常見錯誤 (1)形容詞和副詞的混用 Which all said it was a terribly one!.(08陜西) My pronunciation was terribly. (05-2) I felt sadly I learnt a lesson(08天津)

14、 visit us as soon as possibly.(06浙江) I will learn more about it as good as (08-2) I cant use it very good.(08天津) I would easy finish 300 envelops.(08浙江) She called 119 immediate.(04福建),(2)不同級(原級/比較級/最高級)及其修飾詞的混用. These are the happier girls Ive ever seen. (07-2) The 2 men threw all their equipment i

15、nto the water to make the balloon light.(06-2) You are a lot of taller than me. (3)近義詞或形近詞的誤用 .(hard/hardly; right/rightly; close/closely, free/freely, high/highly, most/mostly；near/nearly/ nearby; late/later/latter/lately） trying very hardly to get train tickets to go home(08四川) the bus will take y

16、ou rightly to the Friendship Hotel.(04-3),四、 代詞格,人稱、性、數(shù)格（主格 / 賓格，物主代詞，反身代詞）前后一致(偷換) I believe you personal experience will be a lot better. (09浙江) We can tell others our need for help and accept his help.07福建 Finally, the men threw away most of his clothes to save themselves.06-2 I woke up and found

17、 me still in bed.07浙江 We often play a trick on himself.05江蘇 You have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him.04湖北,五 連詞conj. 1.并列連詞（1）邏輯關(guān)系 and , or , but , so ALL I had to do was to write a story or present it.(10) The food was very expensive and the service was good.(02) I still did

18、nt tell anyone but even refused the offer of help(07福建) （2）平行結(jié)構(gòu)，前后一致(08浙江) I would describe myself as shy and quietly I was so encouraged that I ran faster and fast till 07浙江 I am thinking of making a trip and visit the British04-2,2.both, all, either, neither, none, each, others/ the others; someth

19、ing/ anything; this / these / that / those / it I hope I can be a bridge between China and others countries.08天津 writing to each for nearly a year now.08 that I did anything special to express my thanks.08四川 some are playing cards and the others are singing or dancing. 3. 形近詞whose 和whos ，its 和 its W

20、e have been learning about its culture(06浙江),2.從屬連詞(換行)。3大從句的連詞錯用，多用(定從; although/but; because/so; if/and/or)或少用。 theres just a chance which I can join it.(06福建,同下) Everybody sleeps in tents, that is exciting. He wouldnt go to see a play that no one liked it.(08陜西) Since you have visited Greece seve

21、ral times, so I would like to know06浙江 So if they had said was true, I would have a chance of winning the prize. (10) It was almost noon we were at the foot of02,3. 近義(but/however; so/therefore；because/because of)，形近詞和固定搭配。The farmer was worried because of his wallet was in the pocket. (07四川) Today

22、I was having a PE lesson while I fell down.(07福建) However, while John went back home, the tickets were still there.(08陜西) I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow.(02) or practicing my English as well.(08) 方法：英語句與句、詞與詞的連接必須使用連詞. I have already studied English for 8

23、years, I cant use it(08天津),六 冠詞 a / an / the 錯用(名詞已講過) I had a interesting dream last night.07浙江 Ill have to decide what I want to do over a weekend. (04-3) 2.固定搭配 As result, the hurt07福建 In the fact, there are 4 tickets08陜西 七 介詞 1.與動詞的搭配。(動詞已講過) 2.固定搭配 It was a chance to win the first prize on the

24、Story Writing Show(10) I couldnt explain them with English.08天津 I imagine youll be at vacation yourself08同下 I have just got some good news to tell to you. till I caught up the other runners07浙江,八 一致性 時態(tài)一致(前后一致和特殊語境:主將從現(xiàn)/虛擬) 2.主謂一致（注意定從和強(qiáng)調(diào)和非謂語作主語） John is a taxi driver who love going 08陜西 Its I that

25、is your true friend. 3. 指代一致(前后性數(shù)格一致) 4. 平行一致(并列連詞前后詞性/結(jié)構(gòu)一致) 5. 邏輯一致（and / or / but /so轉(zhuǎn)換；not的增與減； come- go, here- there , up- down) I must work hard so that I will not be able to communicate freely with foreigners. (08天津) The air was escaping quickly and the balloon was coming up.(06-2),對 策,Practic

26、e makes perfect.,熟 能 生 巧,1.瀏覽全文，讀懂大意。 2. 題從行出，錯由句生。必須以句為單位來改錯，有些錯誤要根據(jù)上下文，甚至從整篇短文出發(fā)才能改出來。（指代和邏輯）,At Christmas Eve, Jim went with his father to choose a Christmas tree. They choose a big one. It was almost as taller as the room! They put them in the corner of the sitting room. Jim was covered it with

27、a lot of Christmas light. The sitting room looked really beautifully at the moment. There was a fire burning in the fire place, but the Christmas tree lights were shinning brightly. Jim and his parents singing and dancing happily.,1.,2.,3.,4.,5.,6.,7.,8.,9.,10.,At Christmas Eve, Jim went with his 1.

28、_ father to choose a Christmas tree. They choose 2._ a big one. It was almost as taller as the room! 3._ They put them in the corner of the sitting 4._,_,on,_,chose,_,tall,_,it,動詞形,介詞短語常?？?，習(xí)慣用法要記住,還要注意形和副,代詞格，細(xì)領(lǐng)悟,room. Kate was covered it with a lot of 5._ Christmas light. The sitting room looked 6.

29、 _ really beautifully at the moment. There was 7. _ a fire burning in the fire place, but the Christmas 8. _ tree lights were shinning brightly. Jim and his 9. _ parents singing and dancing happily. 10._,_,lights,_,beautiful,_,and,were,動詞形,還要注意形和副,動詞形,名詞數(shù),冠詞連詞須關(guān)注,A plane was late and detectives were

30、 waiting in the airport all morning. They were expecting a valuable parcel of diamond from South Africa. A few hours earlier, someone had told the police that thieves will try steal the diamonds. When the plane arrived, some of the detectives were waiting inside the mainly building while the others

31、were waiting on the airfield. 2 men took the parcel off the plane and carried it into the Customs House. While they was keeping guard at the door, two others opened the parcel. To his surprise, the precious parcel was full of stones and sand!,Aeroplane are slowly driving me mad. I live near the airp

32、ort and 1. passing planes can be heard night and day. The airport is built 2 years ago, but of some reason it could not be used then. 3 last year, therefore, it came into use. Over a hundred 4 of people must have been driven away from their houses 5 by the noise. I am one of the few people left. Som

33、etimes 6 I think this house will be knocked down by a passed plane. I 7 have been offered a large number of money to go away, but 8 I am determined stay here. Everybody says I must be mad and 9 they are probable right. (L21) 10,Later in the afternoon, the boys put up their tent in the middle of a fi

34、eld. 1._ As soon as this done, they cooked a meal over an open fire. They were 2._ all hungry and the food smell good. After a wonderful meal, they told 3._ stories and sang songs in the campfire. But some times later it began to 4._ rain. The boys felt tired and they put out the fire and crept into

35、 their tent. 5._ Their sleeping bags were warm and comfortable, so they both slept 6._ Soundly. In the middle of the night, two boys waken up and began to 7._ Shout. The tent was filled of water! They all leapt out of their sleeping 8._ Bags and hurried outside. It was raining heavy and they found t

36、hat a 9._ Stream formed in the field. The stream wound its way across the field 10._and then flowed right under the tent.,After five years away in my hometown, I find that 76. _ The neighborhood which I used to living in has changed 77._ a lot. The Sichuan Restaurant and the older fish shop 78 ._ ac

37、ross the street from our middle school were gone. 79._ There exist now a park that has a small river running 80._ through. The factory at the comer of Friendship Street and 81. _ Zhongshan Road has been moved out of the city, and sports 82. center has been built in their place. The market at the cor

38、ner of 8 Friendship Street and Xinhua Road has been given way to 84. _ a supermarket. Besides the bookstore next to our middle 85. _ school is still there. (09),NMET2000 The day before the speech contest(比賽) English teacher 1._ talked to me. She said that she and my schoolmate all 2._ wished me succ

39、ess,but it didnt matter that I would 3._ win or not.When I was on the stage the next day,I felt so 4._ nervous as I shook like a leaf.There were so many people 5._ present! Suddenly, I caught a sight of my English teacher in 6._ the crowd.She was smiling but nodding to me.I remembered 7._ her words

40、and calm down.I did a good job and won the first 8._ prize.Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library. 9._ Whenever I see them I will often think of my English teacher. 10._,my,_,schoolmates,_,whether,_,that,a,_,and,_,calmed,_,are,often,2001,Like most of my schoolmates ,I have neither br

41、others nor sisters. in another other words,I am an only child. My parents love me dearly of course and will do all they can make sure that I get a good education. They did not want me to do any work at family;they want me to devote all my time to my studies so that Ill get good marks in all my subje

42、ct. We may be one family and live under a same roof,but we do not seem to get much time to talk about together.It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.Do they really understand their own daughter? What things are in other homes, I wonder.,返回,NMET2001 Passage correcting Like most

43、of my schoolmates, I have neither brothers nor 76_ sisters-in any other words,I am an only child . My parents 77_ love me dearly of course and will do all they can make sure 78_ that I get a good education. They did not want me to do 79_ any work at family .They want me to devote all my time to 80 _

44、 my studies so that Ill get good marks in all my subject. We 81_ may be one family and live under a same roof, but we do 82_ not seem to get much time to talk about together. It looks 83_ as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest .Do they 84_ really understand their own daughter ? What thin

45、gs are in 85_ other homes ,I wonder.,in,2003NMET When I first learned to write in English, I ran into many difficulties. The main problem 76._ was in that I always thought in Chinese and77. _ tried to translate anything into English. My78. _ teacher advised me to keep my diary. I fol-79. _ lowed her

46、 advice and should put down 10080. _ words or so each day. Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to81. _ express me in simple English. One day I82. _ wrote a little story and showed to my teacher.83. _ She liked it very much and reads it to the84. _ class. All said the stor

47、y was a good one. Their word were a great encouragement to85. _ me.,everything,a,should,talking,myself,it,read,words,2004年高考卷改錯題答案及答題模式,You can find all kinds information in just a few minute on the Internet. Its like going to a Huge library without have to walk around to find Your books. Recently e

48、ven though, many people have been discussing the dangers of the Internet. They have been reports in America about people trying to steal person information for bad purposes. Finding information on the Net is easily. But not all Information are good to society. For example, you can find such informat

49、ion like how to kill people. The problem will become more serious in the future.,1._ 2._ 3._ 4._ 5._ 6._ 7._ 8._ 9._ 10._,（2004全國卷I） Dear Ralph Im a newcomer here of a small town. I would 1. describe myself as shy and quietly. Before my classmates, 2. it seems always difficult for me to do things we

50、ll as 3. them. Im sure they will laugh to me and see me as 4. a fool. So I feel unhappy every day. Besides, I have few friends. I dont know that they 6. dont like to talk with me. Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class, but after class we become stranger at 8. once. I am trying to imp

51、rove the situation since it doesnt 9. seem to work. Can you tell me about what I should do? 10.,from,quiet,at,strangers,but,talk,why,as,介詞錯用,There are advantage for students to work while 76. _ studying at school. One of them was that 77. _ they can earn money. For the most part, 78. _ students work

52、ing to earn money for their own 79. _ use. Earning their own money allow them 80. _ to spend on anything as if they please. 81. _ They would have to ask their parents for 82. _ money or for permission to do things by 83. _ the money. Some students may also to save 84. _ up for our college or future use. 85_ 05,advantages,is,work,allows,not,their,with,We had guests last night who have not stayed 76. in a B but a wise man tries his best to correct his errors. 愚蠢的人總是為自己的錯誤辯護(hù)，聰明的人則力求改正。 4.Dont make the same mistake twice. 不