初中英語基本句型及鞏固練習(xí)

1、英語基本句型析與練,英語基本句型- 1主系表結(jié)構(gòu) 本結(jié)構(gòu)是由主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語組成，主要用以說明主 語的特征，類屬，狀態(tài)，身份等。系動(dòng)詞有: 1.表示特征和存在狀態(tài)的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound; 2.表示狀態(tài)延續(xù)的 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand; 3.表示狀態(tài)變化的 become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow,Our English teacher is thirty years old,The cake tastes delicio

2、us,We feel used to living in big cities,The potatoes went bad in the fields,Their boss seems satisfied with the work,Deep water stays still,Examples,鞏固練習(xí)： 1冬季白天短，夜晚長(zhǎng) 2十五歲他就成為有名的鋼琴家了。 3孩子們很少保持安靜。 4她的工作是在幼兒園里照看兒童,In winter, the days are short and the nights are long,At the age of fifteen, he became a

3、famous pianist,Children seldom keep quiet,Her job is to look after the children in the nursery,5他失業(yè)了。 6樹葉已經(jīng)變黃了 7這個(gè)報(bào)告聽起來很有意思,He is out of work,The leaves have turned yellow,The report sounds interesting,1. As in China, the weather is different from area to area,主系表句型的幾個(gè)特例,2. We are greatly surprised

4、to meet him there,3. It is not a good idea to spend your vacation with strangers,4. It is kind of you to say so,5. It is not easy for them to go there by bike,6. Is it Tom who is playing the piano,7. It is a fact that they cant pass the exam,英語基本句型-2主謂結(jié)構(gòu) 本結(jié)構(gòu)是由主語加不及物的謂語動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成, 常用來表示主語的動(dòng)作。 如：The sun ris

5、es. Tom has already left. 主語可有修飾語-定語，謂語可有修飾語-狀語,如: 1. The red sun rises in the east. 2. So they had to travel by air or boat. 3.We got up early so as to catch the first bus. 4. She sat there alone, reading a novel. 5. He came back when we were eating. 6.Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake

6、, but strong ones may stay up,鞏固練習(xí),1她昨天回家很晚。 2會(huì)議將持續(xù)兩個(gè)小時(shí)。 3在過去的十年里，我的家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大變化. 41919年，在北京爆發(fā)了“五.四”運(yùn)動(dòng),She went home very late yesterday evening,The meeting will last two hours,Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years,The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919,5每

7、天八時(shí)開始上課。 6這個(gè)重五公斤。 7五年前我住在北京。 8秋天有些鳥飛到南方去,Classes begin at eight every day,This box weighs five kilos,I lived in Beijing five years ago,In autumn, some birds fly to the south,Every afternoon a lot of students come to the library to borrow books,9我的爺爺早晨起得很早。 10. 每天下午有許多學(xué)生到圖書館來借書,My grandfather gets up

8、 early in the morning,Translate the following sentences: 11.會(huì)議有可能開兩個(gè)半小時(shí). The meeting will last two and a half hours. 14.她盼望已久的機(jī)會(huì)終于到來了. The chance which she wanted to get for a long time came at last. 15他把書放在書包里,而書包卻找不到了. He put the books in the schoolbag , but the schoolbag disappeared. 16. 正在睡覺的嬰兒笑

9、了. The sleeping baby smiles,17. 他通過乞討為生. . 18. 這里有些動(dòng)物已經(jīng)滅絕了. 19. 可憐的TOM 穿得破破爛爛,He lives by begging,Some animals here have died out,The poor Tom dressed poorly,20. 他一直走到山邊. 21.這支筆很好寫。 22. 這些蘋果很好賣. 23. 這種布很易洗,He walked as far as the hillside,The pen writes smoothly,These apples sell well,This kind of c

10、loth washes easily,英語基本句型-3主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu),本結(jié)構(gòu)是由主語+及物的謂語動(dòng)詞+賓語構(gòu)成。 賓語成分的多樣化使得這一結(jié)構(gòu)異常復(fù)雜,如：1. Tom made a hole in the wall. 2. I dont know if he can come tomorrow. 3. They havent decided where to go next. 4. She stopped teaching English two years ago. 5. It took them ten years to build the dam. 7. Mother promises t

11、o give me a present,鞏固練習(xí),1昨晚我寫了一封信。 I wrote a letter last night. 2今天下午我想同你談?wù)劇?I want to talk with you this afternoon. 3這本書他讀過多次了。 He has read this book many times. 4他們成功地完成了計(jì)劃。 They have carried out the plan successfully. 5那位先生能流利地說三種語言。 That gentleman can speak three languages fluently,6我收到了筆友從澳大利亞

12、寄來的信。 I received a letter from my penfriend in Australia. 7Jim 還不會(huì)自己穿衣服。 Jim cannot dress himself. 8我們大家都相信Jack 是一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)男孩。 All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy,9. 他不知道說什麼好。 He did not know what to say. 10. 我開窗戶你在意嗎？ Do you mind my opening the window,英語基本句型- 4 雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu) 說明：此結(jié)構(gòu)由“主語+及物謂語動(dòng)詞+間接賓語（人）+直接

13、賓語（事物）”組成。如： He brings me cookies every day. 但若要先說出直接賓語（事物），后說間接賓語（人），則要借助于介詞to或for。如： He brings cookies to me every day. She made a beautiful dress for me. 用to側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的方向，表示朝著，向著，對(duì)著某人。 用for 側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的受益者，表示為了某人，替某人。 常跟雙賓語的動(dòng)詞有：（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show,

14、teach, tell, write, ask等； （需借助for 的） buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等,鞏固練習(xí)： 1Johnson 先生去年教我們德語。 Mr Johnson taught us German last year. 2奶奶昨晚給我們講了一個(gè)有趣的故事。 Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 3請(qǐng)把那本字典遞給我好嗎？ Would you please pass me the dictionary,4他

15、把車票給列車員看。 He showed the ticket to the conductor. 5我替你叫輛出租汽車好嗎？ Shall I call you a taxi,6新式機(jī)器將會(huì)為你節(jié)省許多勞動(dòng)。 7他用他的第一個(gè)月工資給他媽媽買了一件毛衣,The new machine will save you a lot of labour,He bought a new coat for his mother with his first months salary,英語基本句型- 5 復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu) 說明: 此結(jié)構(gòu)由“主語+及物的謂語動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”構(gòu)成。賓語與賓語補(bǔ)足語之間有邏輯上

16、的主謂關(guān)系或主表關(guān)系，若無賓語補(bǔ)足語，則句意不夠完整?？梢杂米鲑e補(bǔ)的有：名詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語，動(dòng)詞不定式，分詞等。如： The sun keeps us warm. I heard him singing. You must get your hair cut. They made Tom monitor. He used to do his homework with his radio on. 用 it 做形式賓語，而將真正的賓語放到賓語補(bǔ)足語的后面，以使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，是英語常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)方式。即：主語+謂語+it+賓補(bǔ)+真正賓語。如： I found it very pleasa

17、nt to be with your family,鞏固練習(xí)： 1我們叫她Alice. 2我們大家都認(rèn)為他是誠(chéng)實(shí)的。 3他們把小偷釋放了。 4我要你把真相告訴我。 5 .衛(wèi)兵命令我們立即離開。 6. 每天早晨我們都聽到他大聲朗讀英語。 8我們不會(huì)讓她在晚上外出的,We call her Alice,All of us considered him honest,They have set the thief free,I want you to tell me the truth,The guards ordered us to leave at once,Every morning we h

18、ear him read English aloud,We wont let her go out at night,9那可怕的聲音把孩子們嚇壞了 10她正在聽人家講故事。 11我從來沒看見這個(gè)字這樣用過。 12他感到很難跟你交談。 13我認(rèn)為有可能用另一種方法解題。 14學(xué)校定了一條規(guī)則，開始上課時(shí)學(xué)生要起立,The terrible sound made the children frightened,She is listening to someone telling stories,I have never seen the word used that way before,He

19、felt it very difficult to talk with you,I consider it possible to work out the problem in another way,The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins,英語基本句型- 6 There be 句型 說明： 此句型是由“there+be+主語+狀語”構(gòu)成，用以表達(dá)存在關(guān)系可以稱“有”。 它其實(shí)是倒裝的一種情況，主語位于謂語動(dòng)詞 be 之后，there 僅為引導(dǎo)詞，并無實(shí)際語意。 此句型有時(shí)不用

20、be動(dòng)詞，而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等。如： There stands a hill in the middle of the park. Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town,Be 與其后的主語在人稱和數(shù)量上一致，有時(shí)態(tài)和情態(tài)變化。如： 現(xiàn)在有 there is/are 過去有 there was/were 將來有 there will be；there is /are going to be. 現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有 there has/have been 可能有 there might be. 肯定有 there must be /there must have been. 過去曾經(jīng)有 there