被動語態(tài)公開課-(經(jīng)典之作)

1、.講義編號教學(xué)目標掌握八種基本時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成及其基本用法。掌握帶有情態(tài)動詞的句子的被動語態(tài)。重點、難點1、英語中各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)形式2、主動形式表示被動意義的用法考點及考試要求主動形式表示被動意義的用法教學(xué)內(nèi)容一、導(dǎo)入被動語態(tài)(Passive Voice)與英語中的動詞的時(Tense）、體(Aspect）、態(tài)(Voice)、式(Mood).1、被動語態(tài)的概念及用法（1）概念：語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式，表示主語與謂語之間的關(guān)系。英語中有兩種語態(tài)，即主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動作的執(zhí)行者（施動者），被動語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動詞的承受者（受動者）或者說動作不是由主語而是由其他人完

2、成的。例如：They plant flowers in the garden. （主動語態(tài)） 主語 謂語 賓語 狀語 Flowers are planted by them in the garden. (被動語態(tài))主語 謂語 賓語 狀語（2）用法： 不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者(即不知道誰做)時用被動語態(tài),省略by短語。 不說或者眾所周知是誰做時,用被動語態(tài),省略by短語。 強調(diào)動作的承受者,句尾加by短語。（口訣：誰做動作不知道，說出誰做沒必要，動作承受者需強調(diào)，被動語態(tài)運用到。）2、被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：“助動詞be+動詞的過去分詞”。助動詞be隨著主語的人稱、數(shù)、時態(tài)和語氣的不同而變化。被動語態(tài)的

3、各種時態(tài)形式如下： 主動 被動一般過去時 一般現(xiàn)在時 一般將來時 一般過去將來 現(xiàn)在進行時 過去進行時 現(xiàn)在完成時 過去完成時 （口訣：被動語態(tài)be字變，過去分詞跟后面。）3. 主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換：（1）主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)（一般情況）：把主動語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語，賓格變成主格。謂語動詞變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)（be+過去分詞）。主動語態(tài)中的主語放在介詞by后做賓語，主格變?yōu)橘e格。（口訣: 賓變主，主變賓，by短語后面跟。謂語動詞變被動，be后“過分”來使用）。例如： He mended the bike yesterday. （主動語態(tài)）主語 謂語 賓語The bike was mended

4、 by him yesterday. （被動語態(tài)）主語 謂語 賓語 （2）情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：含有情態(tài)動詞的主動句變成被動句，由“情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞”構(gòu)成。 （注意：原來帶to的情態(tài)動詞變被動語態(tài)后，仍然保留。）例如：We have to look after the dog . (主動語態(tài)) 主語 謂語 賓語 The dog has to be looked after by us. (被動語態(tài))主語 謂語 賓語(3) 含有賓語補足語的被動語態(tài)：含有賓語補足語的句子，賓語變成主語后，賓語補足語改為主語補足語。例如：We keep food cold in the fridge. 主語

5、謂語 賓語 賓補The food is kept cold in the fridge by us. 主語 謂語 主補 賓語（注意：有些動詞或動詞詞組在主動語態(tài)中用不帶to的不定式作補足語，但在被動語態(tài)中要加上to, 這些動詞是“5看3使2聽1感覺”：look at, see, watch, notice, observe; make, let, have; listen to, hear; feel）例如：I heard someone come up the stairs.(主動) Someone was heard to come up the stairs.（被動）（4）帶雙賓語的動詞

6、，如give, send, bring, take, teach, show, tell, make, sing, write, sell, buy, ask, pay, borrow, lend, hand, offer, provide, past, get, promise等，變成被動語態(tài)時有兩種方法：例如：I have given him the book.主語 謂語 間接賓語 直接賓語He has been given the book by me. (間接賓語變主語)The book has been given to him by me.（直接賓語變主語）(注意：帶雙賓語的動詞在

7、變主動語態(tài)為被動語態(tài)時，通常將賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z。若將直接賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語一般需要加上介詞for或to.)二、主動形式表示被動意義(1)“be+under/in/on等介詞+名詞”構(gòu)成介詞短語可代替進行時被動語態(tài)。例如：The city is under attack at the moment.=The city is being attacked at the moment.The bridge is under repair.=The bridge is being repaired.（2）表示狀態(tài)特征的系動詞 “l(fā)ook, sound, feel, smell, taste, appe

8、ar, seem, go, prove, turn, stay, become, fall, get, grow, keep等+adj./n.”構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。如：The steel feels cold.It has gone bad.His plan proved (to be) practical.This kind of cloth feels soft.The dog looks dangerous.(3)表示主語的某種屬性特征的動詞+副詞well/badly/easily/smoothly等，這類動詞如：read, write, act, draw, drive, sell, was

9、h, clean, wear, open, cook, lock, shut, dry, eat, drink等。例如： The coat dries easily. The poem reads smoothly.(4)做“需要”講的：want/ need /require doing = want/need/require to be doneThe plants want watering = The plants want to be watered.三、總結(jié)主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)，關(guān)鍵在于be動詞的轉(zhuǎn)變，要根據(jù)主語的人稱、數(shù)以及句子中的時間狀語或其他動詞的時態(tài)判斷被動語態(tài)主語的人稱、數(shù)

10、以及時態(tài)。由于涉及過去分詞，因此不規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞也要求同學(xué)們熟練掌握。四、練習(xí).選擇1. English _ a lot for business between different countries. A. uses B. used C. has used D. is used 2. This kind of desk _ of wood. A. is making B. made C. is made D. are made 3.-These bananas look different and they are sweet.-Right. They _ here from Taiw

11、an yesterday. A. was brought B. were brought C. bring D. are brought4. Many old houses around our school _ next year and a large green area will appear. A. pull down B. will be pulled down C. will pull down D. are pulled down5. The machine _ for 3 years. A. has been used B is used C. was used D. wil

12、l be used6. Young trees _ every year.A. should plant B. will plant C. shall plant D. should be planted. 用括號中所給單詞的適當形式完成下列句子(每空格限填一詞)1. The boy whom you lent the bike to_ _ (hit) by a car.2. He was so careless as to get _ _ (run over) yesterday.3. In some parts of the world, tea_ _(serve) with milk a

13、nd sugar.根據(jù)所給要求，改寫下列句子（每空格限填一詞）1. The wall wants repairing. (保持句意基本不變) The wall wants _ _ _2. Today some treasures are on show in the museum.（保持句意基本不變） Today some treasures_ _ _ in the museum.3. The smoke from the factory made us feel sick.(將主動語態(tài)變成被動語態(tài))We _ _ _ feel sick by the smoke from the factory.4. My father boug