跨文化交際實(shí)用教程unit4課件

1、Unit 4,Verbal Communication,2,Objectives,Learn the culturally loaded words Learn the cultural reflections on proverbs Learn taboos Learn the differences in cultural thought patterns,3,CONTENTS,I. Warm-up cases II. Detailed Study: culturally loaded words cultural reflections on proverbs taboos differ

2、ences in cultural thought patterns III. Summary IV. Assignments,4,5,Case 1. Shoes for Street Walking,I. Warm-up cases,Question : Why did the Italian shop owner make such a blunder,Shoes for street walking. Come in and have a fit,6,Interpretation,a street walker- a prostitute to have a fit-to become

3、suddenly and violently angry or upset,7,Case 2. A Misunderstanding Caused by a Joke,Comment,Hustle- to force sb to make a decision before they are ready or sure -to work as a prostitute / romance or sex is hinted,8,Case 3 Look out,9,Case 3 Look out,Didnt you hear me call look out,Yes, and thats what

4、 I did,10,Case 3 Look out,Look out- to stick your head outside of sth. (window/door) to take a look -to be careful, especially when there is danger,11,II. Detailed Study,Loaded words and phrases are those which have strong emotional overtones (n.暗示，弦外音，寓意) or connotations (n.涵義，言外之意), and which evok

5、e strongly positive or negative reactions beyond their literal meaning,1.Culturally Loaded Words,What is loaded words,12,Culturally Loaded Words文化負(fù)載詞(Cultural Loaning Words,1.是指標(biāo)志某種文化中特有事物的詞組和短語. 2.文化負(fù)載詞是反映一個國家、一個民族特有的文化和歷史的一些詞匯,13,2.2 Color Terms in Chinese and English,Group Work 1.紅糖 2.紅茶 3.眼紅 4.開

6、門紅 5.紅白喜事,1. brown sugar 2. black-tea 3. green-eyed 4. to begin well, to make a good start 5. weddings and funerals,14,1. 清白 2.白眼 3.青天 4.背黑鍋 5.黃色書刊,1.pure/clean/stainless 2.supercilious look 3.blue sky 4.be made a scapegoat/ be unjustly blamed 5.filthy books,15,blue book a blue Monday a white lie a

7、green wound red-letter days,藍(lán)皮書（美）刊載知名人士的書 倒霉的星期一 善意的謊言 新傷，未痊愈的傷口 喜慶的日子,16,Translating the Underlined Part,1) Hes just a green recruit fresh from college 2) I tried to call her many times but she was in a brown study and didnt hear me 3) One day, out of the blue, a girl rang up and said she was my s

8、ister 4) The new office block has unfortunately become an expensive white elephant,17,5 Mary was always regarded as the black sheep of the family 6 Youd better do something to prove youre not 7 Can you see the green in her eyes? 8 The mere thought of her husband with the secretary made her see yello

9、w,18,9) I got some black looks from the shopkeeper when I cancelled my order. 10) When Im feeling blue, all I have to do is take a look at you, and then Im not so blue 11) Dont tell me any white lie to make me feel good 12) It may cost over a week to go through all the red tape to get permission,19,

10、13 His type of humor is a bit too black for my tastes 14 Are you all right? You look absolutely white 15 He based his judgment on headlines and yellow journalism,20,yellow journalism 指不擇手段的夸張，渲染以招攬或影響讀者的黃色新聞編輯作風(fēng)。如突出社會丑聞，把普通新聞寫得聳人聽聞，有時(shí)甚至歪曲事實(shí)以引起轟動等,21,龍-dragon 干部-cadre 母馬-female horse?/mare? 扁擔(dān)-a carr

11、ying pole; a shoulder pole 一本書- a book 知識分子-intellectual 社會科學(xué)-social science?/the humanities,Can you find the equivalent words in English for these Chinese words,22,Interpretations,龍- in CC, it is a totem with many royal associations, 龍顏，龍床，龍袍， 龍心大喜。 In EC, dragon refers to horrible, disgusting mons

12、ters,23,知識分子,In CC, it refers to people including college teachers, college students, middle school teachers, and such people as medical doctors, engineers, interpreters. In EC, it refers to people of high academic status (college professors) much smaller range of people. not always a complimentary

13、term, sometimes used in derogatory sense,24,干部,a small group of people who are specially chosen and trained for a particular purpose.骨干隊(duì)伍 -a member of this kind of group.干部 In EC, many people dont know what it means. (not a common word) Some other substitutes: official, functionary, administrator, e

14、tc. But none of these gets exact same meaning as Chinese word “干部,25,社會科學(xué),Social Sciences in Chinese covers all the fields except the ones in the natural science and applied sciences. Same as “the humanities” in English. While in English, “social sciences” cover a smaller area of learning. It includ

15、es political science, economics, history (often classified under the humanities) and sociology. -the branches of learning that study human society, especially its organization and relationship of individual members to it,26,Birds and animals/ male or female,Generic term male female the young chicken

16、 cock/rooster hen chick duck drake duck duckling goose gander goose gosling horse stallion mare foal cattle/cow bull cow calf dog dog bitch puppy sheep ram ewe lamb deer stag doe fawn pig boar sow shoat,27,bull, cow, cock or hen, male, female, she,Not all animals or birds have specific names that de

17、note different sex. bull, cow, cock or hen are frequently used to distinguish sex. bull seal , cock sparrow, hen sparrow male, female , she also acceptable male leopard, female panda, she wolf,28,副,副主席 vice-chairman 副教授 associate professor 副主任 deputy director 副秘書長 assistant secretary 副州長 lieutenant

18、governor 副國務(wù)卿 undersecretary,29,Summary,A term in one language does not necessarily have a counterpart in the other language;（扁擔(dān)） Words or terms in both language appear to refer to the same object or concept only on the surface, but actually refer to quite different things;（龍,30,Things or concepts a

19、re represented by one or perhaps two terms in one language, but by many more terms in the other language, ie, finer distinctions exist in the other language;（社會科學(xué)） Terms have more or less the same primary meaning, but have secondary or additional meanings that may differ considerably from each other

20、.（龍,31,2. Cultural Reflections on Proverbs,Proverbs may provide interesting glimpses or clues to a peoples geography, history, social organization, social views, etc. A new broom sweeps clean. Many hands make light work. Dont put off until tomorrow what you can do today. Kill two birds with one ston

21、e. Haste makes waste,32,Where theres smoke theres fire. The grass is always greener on the other side of the fence. Beauty is only skin deep. Spare the rod and spoil the child. Give a person a dose of his own medicine,33,Man proposes, God disposes. 盡人事，聽天命。/ 謀事在人，成事在天。 It is a sin to steal a pin. 勿以

22、惡小而為之，勿以善小而不為。 Revenge is a dish that could be eaten cold. 君子報(bào)仇，十年不晚。 Every dog has its day. 人人皆有得意日 。/十年風(fēng)水輪流轉(zhuǎn),34,A dogs life 爭吵不休，過著不安寧的日子 Go to the dogs 每況愈下 Dog-eat-dog 狗咬狗的，損人利己的 Dog in the manger 站著茅坑不拉屎 Dog days 大熱天 Doggy bag 餐館里的打包袋,35,The above expressions get similar /same meanings both in

23、English and Chinese. But some others get dissimilarities: 良藥苦口利于病，忠言逆耳利于行。 瓜田不納履，李下不整冠。 一人得道，雞犬升天,36,Hard to find equivalents,Absence makes the heart grow fonder. An apple a day keeps the doctor away. Let sleeping dogs lie. You cant teach an old dog new tricks. You cant have your cake and eat it too

24、,37,Lightening never strikes the same place twice. 福無雙至，禍不單行。？ 壞事不過二 。 禍無雙至。同一災(zāi)害不會在同一場所重復(fù)發(fā)生。 One swallow does not make a summer. 一葉知秋。？ 一燕不成夏。一花獨(dú)放不是春,38,Surface similarities, but differences,It takes two to make a quarrel. A miss is as good as a mile. Gilding the lily. Life begins at forty. If you l

25、ie down with dogs, you will get up with fleas. 近朱者赤，近墨者黑,39,Please choose the proper words for each phrase,hare horse snail mouse bee mule,as busy as a _,as slow as a _,as stubborn as a _,as timid as a _,snail,bee,mule,hare,as strong as a _,horse,as poor as a church _,mouse,40,3.Taboos,1）mention of

26、gods (神靈的名字) （2）near-swearing (近似誓詞咒語) （3）sex （4）death （5）disease （6）excretion (排泄,41,3.Taboos,英漢相同禁忌話題 （1）sex （2）the activities in the rest room （3）something disgusting，如嘔吐、摳鼻子等 （4）something sad，如患了癌癥、死亡等。 但由于在歷史、文化、思維等方面存在著差異，他們的委婉語有著很大的不同,42,3.Taboos （disease,Western Culture: cancer: the big C; l

27、ong illness AIDS or 梅毒: social disease Chinese Culture: 不治之癥,43,3.Taboos （分泌menstruation,Western Culture: Im having my periods. I am a woman for a week. I am having my friends with me. Chinese Culture: 例假；倒霉了；身上來了,44,3.Taboos （上廁所,Western Culture: toilet; water closet; rest room pass water; answer n

28、atures call; wash ones hands, do ones business Chinese Culture: 方便；去一號,45,Human Excretion,go to the can/ go to the John go and see ones aunt Im going to pick some flowers. Can I add some powder? I would like to powder my nose. I wonder if I could go somewhere. heed /answer the call of nature May I b

29、e excused? Nature calls me,46,3.Taboos （pregnant,Western Culture: she is expecting a baby. she is in a family way. she is expecting. she is in a delicate condition. she is well-along. she is about to have a blessed event. Chinese Culture: 有了、有喜了、快要當(dāng)媽媽了,47,3.Taboos （die,Western Culture: pass away; go

30、 to the heaven; go to sleep; go to see the God; depart; be in heaven with God depart from this world；go to a better world Chinese Culture: 去世了、老了、走了、沒了 駕崩、薨、夭折、犧牲、一命嗚呼、斷氣 “離開了我們”, “辭世”, “去見馬克思了”, “歸西”,“升天”, “上路,48,3.Taboos （英漢不同禁忌話題,年老 稱謂,49,3.Taboos （old,Western Culture: a seasoned man (歷練者) the ad

31、vanced in age (年長者) the mature; elder hospital (老人團(tuán)) retirement home (敬老院)； private hospital (老人院) nursing home (養(yǎng)老院)；golden age club (老年俱樂部) Chinese Culture: “老”常帶敬意，是資歷和地位的象征 老師、老同志、老大爺、老師傅,50,3.Taboos （稱謂,Western Culture: 城市、街道、地名用著名總統(tǒng)名：Washington; Lincoln 大學(xué)以贊助人的名字命名：Harvard; Stanford Name after

32、. Chinese Culture: 忌諱晚輩的名字與長輩相同、諧音或同音；有，不尊敬長輩，是欺祖 少用歷史人物名諱，沒福分，短命,51,3.Taboos,a cultural or religious custom that does not allow people to do, use or talk about a particular thing as people find it offensive or embarrassing Excreta and acts of human excretion Sexual intercourse/certain parts of the

33、body (four letters) Swear words (age, sex, occupation,52,Human Excretion,go to the can/ go to the John go and see ones aunt Im going to pick some flowers. Can I add some powder? I would like to powder my nose. I wonder if I could go somewhere. heed /answer the call of nature May I be excused? Nature

34、 calls me,53,Sex/Body parts,pee pee (penis) wee wee (urinate) down there (vagina) she is expecting a baby. she is in a family way. She is expecting. She is in a delicate condition. She is well-along. She is about to have a blessed event,54,die,Go depart depart from this world go to a better world go

35、 the ways of all flesh pass away late In Chinese, we also can find similar euphemisms: “去了”, “離開了我們”, “辭世”, “去見馬克思了”, “歸西”,“升天”, “上路,55,disease,Abbreviations: SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndromes) AIDS (Acquired Immure Deficiency Syndrome) V.D (venereal disease) 性病 big C/ long disease/ terminal illness (cancer,56,Old Age,senior citizens advanced in age golden years,57,Swear words,1. some words are more offensive some are less 2.age, sex, occupation 3. setting or environment,58,4. Differences in Cultural Thought Patterns,English-speakers-linear and direct Semitic-