基本英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全ppt課件

1、Revision of Basic English 基本英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí),各時(shí)態(tài)中的 “四大基本句型,什么是四大基本句型1 主動(dòng)句型：主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)） I study. We listen to the music. She takes care of her baby,2 被動(dòng)句型：主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（Be的過(guò)去分詞） 由“be+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞“構(gòu)成。漢語(yǔ)一般用“被，由，受到，得到+動(dòng)詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表達(dá)。 1 The car is repaired. 2 The report will be written. 3 The work is done,系表句型：主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）由“聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)

2、”構(gòu)成。用于介紹人或事物各種靜態(tài)情況，如身份，特征，品質(zhì)和位置等。 1 We are students. 2 I am happy. 3 They are at home,存在句型：謂語(yǔ)（there be）+主語(yǔ) 由There be構(gòu)成。是一種主謂倒裝句，即謂語(yǔ)在前，主語(yǔ)在后。 1 There are some books on the desk. 2 There is a meeting today,什么是英語(yǔ)“十二句型” “十二句型”是在四大基本句型上進(jìn)一步細(xì)分而成。主動(dòng)句型和被動(dòng)句型均可按其附帶的其他成分各自進(jìn)一步分成四種句型。系表句型和存在句型則各自分成兩種句型?！笆湫汀睒?gòu)成了完整

3、的英語(yǔ)句型體系,一、“主動(dòng)句型”系列 細(xì)分成：主加動(dòng)，主動(dòng)賓，主動(dòng)賓補(bǔ)和主動(dòng)雙賓四個(gè)句型。 （一）主加動(dòng)句型。特點(diǎn)：動(dòng)詞做謂語(yǔ)。 1The students read. 2They do not speak. 3I have left.(助動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞一起做謂語(yǔ),二）主動(dòng)賓句型 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以是及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞。 1“及物動(dòng)詞”帶賓語(yǔ)： He studies English. We cleaned the house. They are doing homework,不及物動(dòng)詞”帶賓語(yǔ)（借助一個(gè)固定搭配的介詞。 He has listened to the music. I wont wait

4、 for you. He looked at the car. 3.短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞帶賓語(yǔ)（其本身相當(dāng)于一個(gè)動(dòng)詞） We look forward to the Olympics. I must make up for the loss. We will make use of the waste,三）主動(dòng)賓補(bǔ)句型。用于表達(dá)“主語(yǔ)使賓語(yǔ)如何”，或“主語(yǔ)感覺(jué)到賓語(yǔ)如何”。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種：一種是“使” “讓”意思的動(dòng)詞。一種是“看見(jiàn)”“聽(tīng)見(jiàn)”的感官動(dòng)詞。 You make me happy. My boss asked me to write a report. I heard them quarreli

5、ng,常見(jiàn)的含“使”“讓”意思的動(dòng)詞包括： Make let have ask want get advise persuade invite allow expect tell urge order tempt train cause consider press force keep prove prompt,四）主動(dòng)雙賓語(yǔ)句型。用于表達(dá)一個(gè)給另一個(gè)人某樣?xùn)|西。動(dòng)詞一般含有“給”的意思。給出的物是直接賓語(yǔ)，給向的人是間接賓語(yǔ)。 I gave him a book. My friends lent me some money. We will teach the enemy a lesson

6、,常用的含有的“給”的動(dòng)詞包括： Give send bring lend show teach buy offer find save等。 Her husband bought her a new dress. The boss showed us his collection,被動(dòng)句系列,被動(dòng)句型分為四種： （一）被動(dòng)基本句型（主+BE+過(guò)去分詞+BY+邏輯主語(yǔ)） 主動(dòng)賓句型：I drive that car. 被動(dòng)基本句型：That car is driven by me 主動(dòng)賓句型:The students do the homework 被動(dòng)基本句型:The home is done

7、 by the students,二）被動(dòng)主補(bǔ)句型,主語(yǔ)+BE+過(guò)去分詞+主補(bǔ)+BY+邏輯主語(yǔ) 主動(dòng)賓補(bǔ)句型:The story made her sad. 被動(dòng)主補(bǔ)句型:She was made sad by the story. They asked me to come here I was asked to come here by them. The father saw his son playing football. The boy was seen playing football by his father,BY+邏輯主語(yǔ)”是一個(gè)介賓短語(yǔ)。此介詞短語(yǔ)的位置可以被提前到謂語(yǔ)和

8、主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之間。 I am advised by my teacher to learn English. He was asked by his mother to wash his clothes,三)被動(dòng)直賓句型：主+BE+過(guò)去分詞+邏輯直賓。 是在主動(dòng)雙賓句型的基礎(chǔ)上，把間接賓語(yǔ)提前到句首做主語(yǔ)。 He gave me a book. I was given a book by him. My friend sent me a message. I was sent a message by my friend,三、主系表句型 主語(yǔ) 聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞 表語(yǔ) He is a student(表述

9、身份） tall/handsome(表述品質(zhì)） happy/busy(表述狀態(tài)） at home/from China(表述方位,二）主系表賓句型：主+系+表+賓 這個(gè)句型用于表達(dá)主語(yǔ)對(duì)賓語(yǔ)采取什么態(tài)度，或?qū)e語(yǔ)處于什么狀態(tài)。 He is busy with his work I am proud of my country. My sister is good at Mathematics. The foreigner is used to his life in China. The drunk driver is responsible for the accident,主系表賓句型和主

10、動(dòng)賓句型的比較： 我怕那條狗。 主動(dòng)賓句型：I fear the dog. 主系表賓句型：I am afraid of the dog. 他知道這個(gè)危險(xiǎn)。 主動(dòng)賓句型:He knows the danger. 主系表賓句型：He is aware of the danger,聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞的種類(lèi)。大多數(shù)由BE來(lái)做聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞。也可分為五類(lèi)。它們的含義歸納為：是，變得，保持，感官和被證明是。其中后四種聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞的表語(yǔ)大多由形容詞來(lái)?yè)?dān)任。 1.是 BE I am thirsty. My father is an engineer. It will be cloudy tomorrow. He has been

11、 in Beijing,2變得：get, turn, grow, go, fall, become, come He got angry. The leaves have turned red. The man has grown old. It never goes wrong. She soon fell asleep. My dream has come true,保持:keep, remain, stay He remains a student. My brother remained in bed of for two days. The travelers kept warm i

12、n their tents. We will stay healthy,感官聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞：看起來(lái)， 聽(tīng)上去，聞起來(lái)， 嘗起來(lái)，摸起來(lái)，看來(lái)，顯得等等。 You look great. His advice sounds reasonable. The cheese smelled terrible. The table feels smooth. He wont feel happy. The train seem to be late,注意有些動(dòng)詞既可以做聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞，又可做普通的行為動(dòng)詞，如：keep, grow, get 和feel 等。 Everybody keeps he secret. E

13、verybody keeps quiet. We grow flowers in the gardens. We grow taller day by day. Can you get two tickets for me? He got very angry. I felt the pain. I felt happy,第二章英語(yǔ)句子的第二維：四句聯(lián)式,一、主動(dòng)句型 肯定句：I like summer. 否定句：I dont like summer. 一般疑問(wèn)句： 特殊疑問(wèn)句,特殊疑問(wèn)句特殊疑問(wèn)詞包括：who, whom (who的賓格) what, which, when, whose,

14、where, why, how 二、被動(dòng)句型： 肯定句：The car is repaired. 否定句：The car is not repaired. 一般疑問(wèn)句： 特殊疑問(wèn)句,三、系表句型 肯定句： 否定句： 一般疑問(wèn)句：Are you a student? 特殊疑問(wèn)句：Who are you? 三、存在句型： 肯定句：There is a lesson. 否定句：There is not a lesson. 一般疑問(wèn)句： 特殊疑問(wèn)句,含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的四大基本句型及四聯(lián)句式,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用于表達(dá)情緒和態(tài)度。附著在動(dòng)詞之前，成為謂語(yǔ)的一部分。 在否定句中，not被放在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后。在“一般疑問(wèn)句

15、”和“特殊疑問(wèn)句”中，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也像助動(dòng)詞那樣被前置。 一、主動(dòng)句型 He can speak English He can _speak English. _ he speak English? How_ he speak English,二、被動(dòng)句型 The car must be repaired. The car must_ be repaired. _ the car be repaired? _ _ the car be repaired? 三、主系表句型 I should be happy I should not be happy. 我應(yīng)該高興嗎？ 為什么我應(yīng)該高興,存在句型 T

16、here must be a lesson today. There cant be a lesson today. _ there be a lesson today? 今天怎么會(huì)有一節(jié)課呢,第三章英語(yǔ)句子的第三維：時(shí)態(tài),第一節(jié)：時(shí)態(tài)的劃分 一、時(shí)態(tài)的定義：時(shí)間+狀態(tài) 二、時(shí)態(tài)的劃分方法： 三、對(duì)四個(gè)時(shí)間段和四種狀態(tài)的定義 時(shí)間分為：現(xiàn)在，過(guò)去，將來(lái)，過(guò)去將來(lái)。 狀態(tài)分為：一般，進(jìn)行，完成，完成進(jìn)行。共組合16種時(shí)態(tài)，其中8種是常用的,英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)名稱(chēng)表,一對(duì)四個(gè)時(shí)間段的定義 1、現(xiàn)在“：包括“此時(shí)”和“平時(shí)” 2、過(guò)去：指“現(xiàn)在”之前的時(shí)間，但不包括“現(xiàn)在”。 3、將來(lái)：指“現(xiàn)在”之后的時(shí)間，

17、但不包括“現(xiàn)在”。 4、過(guò)去將來(lái)：指”過(guò)去“的”將來(lái)“。即在過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)間里談當(dāng)時(shí)的將來(lái),第二節(jié) 四大基本句型表達(dá)時(shí)態(tài)的方式 四大基本句型有各自的方式來(lái)表達(dá)時(shí)態(tài)。其中主動(dòng)句型單獨(dú)采取一套表達(dá)方式，其它三大句型都通過(guò)be的變型來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)時(shí)態(tài)的變化。 （一）主動(dòng)句型 1、進(jìn)行狀態(tài)謂語(yǔ)（be + doing) 2、完成狀態(tài)謂語(yǔ) (have + done) 3、一般狀態(tài)謂語(yǔ) (do) 4、完成進(jìn)行狀態(tài)謂語(yǔ)(have + been + doing),二)“被動(dòng)句型”“系表句型”和“存在句型” 與主動(dòng)句型相比，此三種句型的時(shí)態(tài)變化要簡(jiǎn)單得多。都是通過(guò)be的變型來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。 1現(xiàn)在一般時(shí)態(tài) am/ is /are

18、 2過(guò)去一般時(shí)態(tài) was/ were 3將來(lái)一般時(shí)態(tài) will be 4現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài) am/is/are + being 5過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài) was/were + being 6將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài) will be being 7現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài) have/has been,8過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài) had been 9將來(lái)完成時(shí)態(tài) will have been 10過(guò)去將來(lái)一般時(shí)態(tài) would be,第三節(jié) 英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)的種類(lèi),一、現(xiàn)在一般時(shí)態(tài) （一）現(xiàn)在一般時(shí)態(tài)的用途 1 表述目前的狀況 I am very busy It is fine today 2 表述人的性格或習(xí)慣 She is kind He likes soccer. He always does his homework at school,3 表述持續(xù)性的事實(shí) This is