Grammarandusage（M2U3)-譚老師

1、Grammar and usage The past perfect tense,Lead in,Hong Kong _ to China in 1997,returned,Macao _ to China in 1999,returned,Hong Kong _to China before Macao came back to China,had returned,Past perfect tense,過去完成時的構(gòu)成：had done,過去完成時的含義： 表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動作。 “過去的過去”發(fā)生的動作,Present,Past,Monday,build a

2、 garden,clean the house,I _ the house before I _ a garden on Friday,had cleaned,built,Friday,The following is what I did last week,Friday,More examples of the Past perfect tense,1. When we got to the station, the train had left. 2. Then a few months after Carter had opened the tomb, Lord Carnavon fe

3、ll ill with a fever and died. 3. Howard Carter had received money from Lord Carnavon before he made his most amazing discovery,1.賓語從句(或間接引語):從句的動作發(fā)生在主句所表示的動作之前。 She told me（that）she had never been to Paris. 她告訴我她曾去過巴黎。 Carter said that they had hidden the entrance to the tomb,Usage,2.狀語從句 在過去不同時間發(fā)生的

4、兩個動作中，發(fā)生在先，用過去完成時；發(fā)生在后，用一般過去時。例如： When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. I had done my homework before I went to the museum.(“我”先完成作業(yè)，然后去博物館,2.定語從句 在含有定語從句的主從句中，如果敘述的是過去的事，先發(fā)生的動作常用過去完成時。例如： I returned the book that I had borrowed,用于過去完成時的時間狀語： when, after, before, as soon as, until, sinc

5、e, by, for , already等。 By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars. The train had left before we reached the station. She didnt go to bed until she had finished her work,Summary,過去完成時不能孤立使用， 它必須以過去某一時間為基點，即“過去的過去”， 因此只有在和過去某時或動作相比較時才用到它,1.She told me（that）she had never been to Paris. 2.Cart

6、er said that they had hidden the entrance to the tomb. 3.I returned the book that I had borrowed,4. I had done my homework this morning before I went to the museum. (P48) 5 Upon entering the tomb, Carters lucky pet bird, which had led him to the place, was eaten by a snake. (P48,典型考題,1.The students

7、_ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _ in the office. A. had written, left B. were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left,2. John and I _ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we _ each other a couple of times befo

8、re that. A. had been; have seen B. have been; have seen C. had been; had seen D. have been; had seen,3. John had to have his car repaired in a garage because it _ seriously. A. damagedB. was being damaged C. had damagedD. had been damaged,4. The policemans attention was suddenly caught by a small bo

9、x which _ placed under the Ministers car. A. has been B. was being C. had been D. would be,5. They became friends again that day. Until then, they _ to each other for nearly two years. didnt speak B. hadnt spoken C. havent spoken D. havent been speaking,6. He _ more than 5,000 English words when he

10、entered the university at the age of 15. has learned B. would have learned C. learnedD. had learned,Question,When will you use the present perfect tense? When will you use the past perfect tense,Present perfect or past perfect ? The present perfect tense is used when we are talking about a past even

11、t which relates to the present time. The past perfect tense is used when we are discussing the past and want to talk about an even earlier event,Practice,1. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests _ when he _ at the party. A. left; had arrived B. left; arrived C. had left; had arrived D. had le

12、ft; arrived,2. We _ four thousand new words by the end of last year. A. had learned B. have learned C. learned D. will have learned,3. When Mark opened the door, he saw a woman standing there. He _ her before. A. never saw B. had never seen C. never sees D. has never seen,4. I cant see any coffee in

13、 this cupboard. _? A. Has it all been finished B. Was it all finished C. Has it all finished D. Did it all finished,5. _my sister three times today but her line was always busy. A. Id phoned B. Ive been phoning C. Ive phoned D. I was phoning,6. -The window is dirty. - I know. It _ for weeks. A. hasn

14、t cleaned B. didnt clean C. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt been cleaned,7. The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945, and their power _ increased enormously ever since. A. is B. was C. has been D. had been,8. More patients _ in hospital this year than last year. A. Treated B. have treated C. have been treated D. have been treated,had seen (2) Moved (3) had, taken (4) had become (5)had met (6)had begun (7)had started (8)had, gone,the story of The Titanic,1)Surprised (2)was built (3)Spent (4)was finished (5)had wanted (6