虛擬語(yǔ)氣知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié).doc

1、虛 擬 語(yǔ) 氣第一節(jié) 語(yǔ)氣英語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞一般可帶有三種不同的語(yǔ)氣：陳述語(yǔ)氣，祈使語(yǔ)氣和虛擬語(yǔ)氣。不同的語(yǔ)氣用動(dòng)詞的不同形式（有的還借助句法形式）來(lái)表示。第二節(jié) 虛擬語(yǔ)氣的概念虛擬語(yǔ)氣是一種特殊的動(dòng)詞形式，一是用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人所說(shuō)的話不是一個(gè)事實(shí)，而是一種假設(shè)、猜測(cè)、懷疑等(在條件從句中或讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中)；一是表示說(shuō)話人的愿望、要求、命令、建議等 (在賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句)。它能實(shí)現(xiàn)下列交際功能：a. 用來(lái)表達(dá)一個(gè)假設(shè)或純粹的意愿（這種假設(shè)或意愿在多數(shù)情況下是與事實(shí)相反或不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的。b. 經(jīng)常用來(lái)緩和語(yǔ)氣，使之更加委婉、禮貌、得體，使句子帶有推測(cè)性和嘗試性。c. 表示煩惱、不耐煩等情緒。

2、d. 表示適度的責(zé)備或批評(píng)。e. 表示美好的祝愿或祝福。 學(xué)習(xí)虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件句中的用法之前我們必須清楚條件句的種類(lèi)：條件句有真實(shí)條件句與非真實(shí)條件句(或稱虛擬條件句)兩種。真實(shí)條件句所表的假設(shè)是可能發(fā)生或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的，句中的條件從句與結(jié)果主句都用陳述語(yǔ)氣。如：If it doesnt rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic. 假若明天不下雨，我就去野餐。Oil floats if you pour it on water. 你如把油倒在水里，油就浮起來(lái)。虛擬條件句所表的假設(shè)則是不可能或不大可能發(fā)生或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的，句中的條件從句與結(jié)果主句皆須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。第三節(jié) 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在

3、條件句中虛擬條件句主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)If+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式（動(dòng)詞be用were)The platform would collapse if all of you stood on it.假如你們都站在上面，這個(gè)平臺(tái)就會(huì)塌下來(lái)的。主語(yǔ)+should,would,might,could動(dòng)詞原形如果魯迅還活著，看到新中國(guó)的偉大成就他會(huì)多么高興??！與過(guò)去相反的假設(shè)If+主語(yǔ)+had +過(guò)去分詞If the doctor had been available,the child would have been saved. 如果有醫(yī)生在，這個(gè)小孩就會(huì)得救了。主語(yǔ)should, would, m

4、ight, couldhave done如果颶風(fēng)發(fā)生在白天，死亡的人數(shù)會(huì)更多。與將來(lái)相反的假設(shè)1、If+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式2、If+主語(yǔ)+were to+ 動(dòng)詞原形3、If+主語(yǔ)+should +動(dòng)詞原形I could see the surface of the moon with my own eyes if I were to go to the moon some day. 如果有一天我登上了月球，就能親眼目睹月球的表面是什么樣子了。主語(yǔ)should, would might, could動(dòng)詞原形如果明天是星期天，我就去看望我奶奶。NOTE：使用虛擬條件句要注意的幾點(diǎn)：當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示

5、的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，被稱為：錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句“，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整If you had followed my advice , you would be better now.如果你聽(tīng)我的建議，你現(xiàn)在就會(huì)痊愈了在條件句中，可省略 if，把were ,had, should 提到句首，變?yōu)榈寡b句式（后面詳細(xì)講解）If you had come earlier, you would have met him.Had you come earlier, you would have met him.1. 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句，條件從句的謂語(yǔ)用動(dòng)

6、詞的過(guò)去式 (be的過(guò)去式用were), 主句的謂語(yǔ)用should （would, might， could）+動(dòng)詞原形。If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果現(xiàn)在不下雨的話，我們就出去野餐了。（事實(shí)是：天在下雨，我們不能出去野餐。表示愿望。）If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他來(lái)這，他就能夠幫助你了。（事實(shí)是：他沒(méi)來(lái)這，他不可能幫助你。表示對(duì)他的良好印象。）2. 與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句，條件從句的謂語(yǔ)用had+過(guò)去分詞，主句的謂語(yǔ)用should （ would

7、, might， could）+ have 過(guò)去分詞。She would have gone to the party if she had been invited. 要是當(dāng)初她被邀請(qǐng)的話，她就會(huì)去參加這次聚會(huì)了。（事實(shí)是：當(dāng)時(shí)沒(méi)有人邀請(qǐng)她，因此，她沒(méi)有來(lái)參加聚會(huì)。表示后悔。）If she hadnt called me, I would have overslept this morning. 今天早上，她要是不叫我的話，我就會(huì)睡過(guò)頭了。（事實(shí)是：她今天早上叫我了，我沒(méi)有睡過(guò)頭。表示感激。）3. 與將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反的虛擬條件句，條件從句的謂語(yǔ)用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式(be的過(guò)去式用were)； sh

8、ould動(dòng)詞原形；were to動(dòng)詞原形，主句用should （would, might， could）+動(dòng)詞原形。If I were to be twenty years old next year, I would take the course of French.明年我要是二十歲，我就會(huì)學(xué)法語(yǔ)。（事實(shí)是：我現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)老了，明年我學(xué)不了法語(yǔ)了。）If it should fail, I would try again.要是失敗了，我會(huì)再試一次。（事實(shí)是：有可能失敗，可我會(huì)再試。表示未知。）虛擬過(guò)去式有時(shí)并不表示“不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的假設(shè)”，而是表示一種希望或不希望發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。If we caug

9、ht the early train, wed get there by lunch time.假如我們趕上早班火車(chē)，到午飯時(shí)間我們就會(huì)到達(dá)那里了。(表希望)If we missed the train, we should have to wait an hour at the station.假如我們趕不上這班火車(chē)，我們就得在車(chē)站等一小時(shí)。（表不希望）4. 混合型的條件句當(dāng)條件從句與主句所表的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，虛擬語(yǔ)氣的形式應(yīng)作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞并不相互呼應(yīng)，這種條件句叫混合條件句。較多見(jiàn)的混合型條件句是從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)（指過(guò)去行為），而主句用一般時(shí)（指目前狀態(tài)）。 He wou

10、ld pass the test if he had taken my advice如果他聽(tīng)了我的勸告，他現(xiàn)在會(huì)通過(guò)考試。If I had spoken to him yesterday, I should know what to do now. 假如昨天我對(duì)他說(shuō)了，現(xiàn)在我就知道該怎么辦了。You would be much better now if you had taken my advice. 假如你接受了我的意見(jiàn)，你現(xiàn)在就會(huì)好得多。如條件從句用if I were.，主句則可用表任何時(shí)間的虛擬形式。If I were not busy, I would have come.假如我不忙

11、，我就會(huì)去了。(were表過(guò)去)If I were you, I would go.假如我是你，我會(huì)去的。(were表現(xiàn)在)第四節(jié) 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在名詞從句中的運(yùn)用一、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在主語(yǔ)從句中A.在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that . ” 中，表示某事重要、奇怪、自然、必要等；that 后面的從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用： should + 動(dòng)詞原形 （should可以省略） Its important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我們要照顧好病人。 It is ne

12、cessary that he（should）be sent there at once Its strange that he should say so.I was glad that he should go.It is important that we should speak politely. It is a pity that she should fare so badly.Its right that you should think that way. 這類(lèi)的形容詞還有advisable（可取的），appropriate（適當(dāng)?shù)模琧ompulsary（必須的），cruc

13、ial（關(guān)鍵的），desirable（理想的），essential（必要的），imperative（迫切的），important(重要的)，possible（可能的），preferable（更好的），probable（可能的），strange（奇怪的），urgent（急迫的），vital（極為重要的）等。B. 在It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required/recommended/requested/required/.that-clause句型中從句用(should )+動(dòng)詞原型，表示愿望，建議，請(qǐng)求等主觀意愿等。 It is demanded that

14、 we should work out a plan. It is requested that Professor Liu（should）give us a lecture It is desired that we（should）get everything ready by tonightIm ashamed you should have done such a thing. It has been suggested that the meeting（should）be put off有人建議推遲會(huì)議。It is settled that you leave us, then?C.

15、在 It is a pity/a shame/ no wonderproposal/recommendation/suggestion/surprise/advice that.句型中從句也常用(should )+動(dòng)詞原型,表示建議，命令，請(qǐng)求，道歉，懷疑，驚奇等。 Its a pity that you (should) miss a good chance. 注意：這種句型中的主語(yǔ)從句也可用陳述語(yǔ)氣，如：It was important that he made an explicit statement on this score last week. 他上個(gè)星期對(duì)于這一方面做了明確的說(shuō)

16、明，這是很重要的。二、用于賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句在表示提議、要求、命令、意志等動(dòng)詞后，其謂語(yǔ)用should+動(dòng)詞原形或只用動(dòng)詞原形的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，作為suggest，request，demand，urge，propose，prefer，advise，insist，require，order，command，maintain，ask，object, arrange, desire等動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。注意：suggest 當(dāng)表示“暗示、表明“講時(shí)，insist 表示”堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為“之意時(shí)，應(yīng)用陳述語(yǔ)氣。The teacher suggested that we should clean the blackboard

17、after class.老師建議我們課后把黑板擦了。The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.他臉上的表情表明他對(duì)我們的工作很滿意He insisted that all of us be there on time by any means.他堅(jiān)持要求我們大家想盡辦法按時(shí)去那里。The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.那個(gè)人堅(jiān)持說(shuō)他沒(méi)有偷錢(qián)The doctor suggested that he not go there醫(yī)生建議他不要去

18、那里。He suggested that we should leave early. 他建議我們?cè)琰c(diǎn)動(dòng)身。The judge ordered that the prisoner should be remanded. 法官命令被告還押。 wish的賓語(yǔ)的從句，表示愿望，常省去連詞that。 從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用過(guò)去式，表示現(xiàn)在的愿望（與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反），雖實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性不大，但仍有實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能。 I wish it were true我但愿這是真的。 I wish I were a bird. （were 與wish 發(fā)生在同一時(shí)間平面上） 從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還可用“could（would，might）

19、+動(dòng)詞原形”用來(lái)表示將來(lái)的愿望 I wish you would stay a little longer.我希望你再待一會(huì)兒。 I wish that the rain could stop soon. 表示無(wú)能為力的過(guò)去愿望（與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反），可用“had +過(guò)去分詞”或“could（would，might）+have+過(guò)去分詞” I wish you had called yesterday我希望你昨天來(lái)過(guò)電話。 I wish you had come to our Christmas party. We wish you had come to our New Years party.

20、我們真希望你來(lái)參加了我們的新年聯(lián)歡會(huì)。would rather，would sooner, would as soon,would prefer + 從句 也常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示寧愿、但愿之意。這種虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示的不是與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，而是一種尚未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望 表示與現(xiàn)在和將來(lái)含義事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣要用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式：I would rather you came tomorrow.我寧愿你明天來(lái)。Id sooner she left the heavy end of the work to some one else.我寧愿她把重活留給別人。 I would rather you left toda

21、y.我寧愿你今天走。 I would sooner my daughter attended a public school. 但愿我的女兒能上公立學(xué)校。 I would prefer he didnt stay here too long. 我倒希望他不要在這兒待得太久。 用過(guò)去完成式(had + 過(guò)去分詞)表示過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的含義： I would rather I hadnt seen that film yesterday. 我寧愿昨天沒(méi)有看那場(chǎng)電影。有些動(dòng)詞，如think, expect, believe,其否定式的賓語(yǔ)從句亦可用should+動(dòng)詞原形。如：I never though

22、t he should refuse.我萬(wàn)沒(méi)有想到他會(huì)拒絕。She did not expect that you should come.她沒(méi)有預(yù)料你會(huì)來(lái)。三、用于表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句在suggestion / proposal / order / plan / advice / idea / request /desire/ recommendation/resolution 等名詞后的表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)從句中要用“should動(dòng)詞原形”should可以省略 My advice is that you should practice speaking English as often as po

23、ssible. 我的建議是你要盡可能經(jīng)常地練習(xí)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。The suggestion that the mayor should present the prizes was accepted by everyone.每個(gè)人都接受由市長(zhǎng)頒發(fā)獎(jiǎng)金這一建議。名詞suggestion，proposal，order，advice，demand等作主語(yǔ)，其后的表語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，用should +動(dòng)詞原形或省略should。My suggestion is that we (should) send a few soldiers to help them. 我的建議是我們應(yīng)派幾個(gè)戰(zhàn)士去增

24、援他們。My advice is that you (should) treat her well. 我的忠告是你應(yīng)該善待她。He makes the demand that she (should) leave the place at once. 他提出一個(gè)要求，要求她立刻離開(kāi)這個(gè)地方。My suggestion is that we should tell him.我的建議是我們應(yīng)該告訴他。Our only request is that this should be settled as soon as possible.我們唯一的請(qǐng)求就是盡快解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。注意：虛擬語(yǔ)氣也可以用于同位

25、語(yǔ)從句。如：There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team.有一項(xiàng)建議是布朗應(yīng)該離隊(duì)。四. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在定語(yǔ)從句中的應(yīng)用常用在It is time (that)句型中，定語(yǔ)從句常用虛擬過(guò)去式 It is (high / about ) time that從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式或should動(dòng)詞原形，should不能省略 Its high time we went to the laboratory. 該是我們?nèi)?shí)驗(yàn)室的時(shí)候了。It is time the children went to bed. 孩子們?cè)缭撋?/p>

26、床睡覺(jué)了。（表示催促）Its high time that he began to think how to deal with money. 他早該開(kāi)始考慮如何與錢(qián)打交道。It is time we left.我們?cè)撟吡?。It is time we went to bed.我們?cè)撊ニX(jué)了。五. 虛擬式動(dòng)詞原形亦常用在獨(dú)立句中，表愿望Long live the Communist Party of China！中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨萬(wàn)歲！God bless you! 上帝保佑你。God damn it! 該死的！The devil take you! 見(jiàn)鬼去吧！So be it then. 就那樣吧。第五

27、節(jié) 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在其他從句中If only 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句（要是該有多好啊；但愿)；1 表示與現(xiàn)在或未來(lái)事實(shí)相反的愿望。用過(guò)去時(shí)或would/could+動(dòng)詞原形表示；If only you listened to us!要是你聽(tīng)我們的話該多好??！2 與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的愿望，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。例如：If only I had listened to the doctors advice! 我要是聽(tīng)了醫(yī)生的話就好了。 as if ( as though) 看起來(lái)even if ( even though)即使 常用虛擬形式，其構(gòu)成形式與wish后賓語(yǔ)從句里的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的構(gòu)成形式相同，表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反（從句意

28、上判斷），用過(guò)去式；與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反用過(guò)去完成式 (had done)，would/could +動(dòng)詞原形。例如：The football fans of act as if they were crazy. 那些足球迷們經(jīng)常就像瘋了似的。（act與were發(fā)生在同一時(shí)間平面上）He often talks about London as though he had been there. (had been there發(fā)生在talkes之前) 他常常談起倫敦，就好像他去過(guò)那里似的。She often talks and talks as if she would never stop. (wo

29、uld never stop后于talks and talks 發(fā)生)她常常講起來(lái)沒(méi)完沒(méi)了。 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在in order that,so that,in case，lest，for fear that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中的應(yīng)用，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用may(might)動(dòng)詞原形或should動(dòng)詞原形。在以lest引導(dǎo)的從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用should動(dòng)詞原形。例如：He took his raincoat with him in case it should rain.他拿上了雨衣以防下雨。He was punished lest he should make the same mistake ag

30、ain. 他被處以懲罰以免他再犯。He put his coat over the child for fear that he (should) catch cold.他把外套給孩子穿上以防孩子感冒。虛擬時(shí)態(tài)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的關(guān)系：從句中的虛擬時(shí)態(tài)往往不受全句謂語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)的影響。1) 用于主語(yǔ)從句。試比較：It is important that he should know about this.他必須知道此事。It was important that he should know about this.他必須知道此事。2) 用于賓語(yǔ)從句。試比較：I suggest that we shoul

31、d go tomorrow.我建議我們明天走。I suggested that we should go the next day.我建議我們第二天走。She said, “If I were a boy I would join the army.”她說(shuō)，“我如是男孩，就參軍?！盨he said that if she were a boy, she would join the army.她說(shuō)她如是男孩就參軍。但強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻的虛擬式在間接引語(yǔ)中需要遵守時(shí)態(tài)一致的原則。試比較：“If I knew how it worked, I could tell you what to do,” he

32、 said.“假如我知道它是如何運(yùn)行的話，我就會(huì)告訴你該怎么辦，”他說(shuō)道。He said that if he had known how it worked he could have told me what to do.他說(shuō)假如他知道它是如何運(yùn)行的話，他就會(huì)告訴我該怎么辦?！癐f I knew the answer to all your questions Id be a genius,” he said.“我如知道你所有問(wèn)題的答案，我就是天才了?！彼f(shuō)道。He said that if he knew the answer to all my questions, hed be a

33、genius.他說(shuō)他如知道我所有問(wèn)題的答案，他就是天才了。但如果全句謂語(yǔ)是虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其后從句的時(shí)態(tài)則多受其影響，現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)隨之而變?yōu)檫^(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。如：I would think he was wrong.我看他是錯(cuò)了。(須用was,試比較：I think he is wrong)It would seem that she was right. 她似乎是對(duì)的。(須用was,試比較：It seems that she is right)第六節(jié) . 連詞if的省略如果虛擬條件句的謂語(yǔ)部分有were，had和should時(shí)，可省略if，把were，had和should放到從句主語(yǔ)前面去，多見(jiàn)于書(shū)面語(yǔ)。H

34、ad you not helped me， I should have failed.要是沒(méi)有你的幫助，我就失敗了。Were you in my position, you would do the same. 假如你處在我的地位，你也會(huì)這樣干的。Should they attack us, well wipe them out completely. 假如他們進(jìn)攻我們，我們就把他們徹底消滅干凈。第七節(jié) . 含蓄條件句虛擬條件句中的條件從句有時(shí)不表出來(lái)，只暗含在上下文中，這種句子叫做含蓄條件句。含蓄條件句大體有三種情況。1) 條件暗含在短語(yǔ)中。But for your help we coul

35、dnt have succeeded in the experiment. 如果沒(méi)有你的幫助，我們的實(shí)驗(yàn)是不會(huì)成功的。(暗含在分詞短詞but for your help)What would I have done without you? 如沒(méi)有你，我會(huì)怎么辦呢？(條件暗含在介詞短語(yǔ)without you 中)It would be easier to do it this way. 這樣做會(huì)比較容易。(條件暗含在不定式短語(yǔ) to do it this way中)This same thing, happening in wartime, amount to disaster. 同樣的事，如

36、發(fā)生在戰(zhàn)時(shí)，就會(huì)釀成大禍。(條件暗含在分詞短語(yǔ)happening in wartime 中)He must have the strength of a hippopotamus, or he never could have vanquished that great beast. 他一定是力大如河馬，否則他絕不會(huì)擊敗那只龐大的野獸。(暗含條件是連詞or)Alone, he would have been terrified. 如是單獨(dú)一人，他是會(huì)感到害怕的。(暗含條件是alone)2) 條件暗含在上下文中。You might stay here forever. 你可以永遠(yuǎn)待在這兒。(可能

37、暗含if you wanted to)We would have succeeded. 我們本來(lái)是會(huì)成功的。(可能暗含if we had kept trying)Your reputation would be ruined. 你的名譽(yù)會(huì)敗壞的。(可能暗含 if you should accept it)3) 在不少情況下，虛擬式已變成習(xí)慣說(shuō)法，很難找出其暗含的條件。You wouldnt know. 你不會(huì)知道。I would like to come. 我愿意來(lái)。第八節(jié). 不用if引導(dǎo)的條件從句虛擬條件句中的條件從句除用if引外，還可用when, unless, lest, suppose

38、, as if, for fear, in case, on condition 等詞語(yǔ)來(lái)引導(dǎo)。The peasants prepared to feed the city when it should be freed. 農(nóng)民已準(zhǔn)備在這座城市解放后供給糧食。Lest you should not have heard all, I shall begin at the beginning. 我怕你沒(méi)有聽(tīng)全，所以我再?gòu)念^開(kāi)始講一遍。Unless I were well, I wouldnt be at school. 除非我好了，否則我不會(huì)上學(xué)。Suppose you were given a

39、 chance to study in America , would you accept? 假如給你一個(gè)到美國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會(huì)，你會(huì)接受嗎？（suppose 或 supposing =what if）Supposing it were so？（=Supposing it were so，what would happen？）要是這樣的話，會(huì)怎么樣呢？He can use the bicycle on condition that he should return it tomorrow. 如果明天能還回來(lái)，他就可以借用這輛自行車(chē)。In case I forget , please remind

40、me of my promise 如果我忘了，請(qǐng)?zhí)嵝盐业闹Z言。Susan is walking slowly ,as if she were tired. 蘇珊走得很慢，就像是累了似的。與if一樣，上述詞語(yǔ)所引導(dǎo)的條件從句亦可用直陳語(yǔ)氣，表可能實(shí)現(xiàn)或發(fā)生的事。虛擬語(yǔ)氣專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)1. Jack wishes that he _ business instead of history when he was in university.A. studiedB. had been studyingC. studyD. had studied2. The millions of calculation

41、involved, had they been done by hand, _ all practical value by the time they were finished.A. had lostB. would loseC. would have lostD. should have lost3. It is essential that these application forms _ back as early as possible.A. must be sentB. are senC. will be sentD. be sent4. It is important tha

42、t the hotel receptionist _ that guests are registered correctly.A. has made sureB. must make sureC. made sureD. make sure5. It was essential that the application forms _ back before the deadline.A. must be sentB. be sentC. would高考資源網(wǎng) be sentD. were sent6. Its necessary _ the dictionary immediately.A

43、. that he will returnB. that he returnC. that he returnedD. that he has to return7. It is important that enough money _ to fund the project.A. be collected B. was collected C. must be collected D. can be collected8. I dont think it advisable that Tom _ to the job since he has no experience.A. is ass

44、ignedB. be assignedC. will be assigned D. has been assigned9. The suggestion that the mayor _ the prizes was accepted by everyone.A. would presentB. present w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.mC. ought to presentD. presents10. We are all for your proposal that the discussion _.A. be put offB. should put

45、offC. was put offD. is to put off11. You _ him so closely; you should have kept your distance.A. shouldnt have been followingB. mustnt followC. couldnt have been followingD. shouldnt follow12. The manager would rather his daughter _ in the same office.A. does not workB. had not workedC. not to workD

46、. did not work 13. Wouldnt you rather your child _ to bed early?A. goB. would goC. wentD. goes14. Id rather you _ make any comment on the issue for the time being.A. dontB. didntC. wouldntD. shouldnt15. Mikes uncle insists _ in this hotel.A. staying notB. that he would not stayC. not to stayD. that

47、he not stay 16. As Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces, I have directed that all measures _ for our defense.A. had been takenB. be takenC. would be takenD. to be taken17. The manager of the hotel requests that their guests _ after 11:00 p.m.A. not to play loud musicB. dont play loud musicC. shoul

48、dnt play loud musicD. couldnt paly load music18. We desire that the tour leader _ us immediately of any change in plans.A. informB. informsC. informedD. has informed19. He suggested _ to tomorrows exhibition together.A. us to goB. we shall goC. we wentD. we go20. Sometimes I wish I _ in a different

49、time and a different place.A. be livingB. would liveC. were livingD. would have lived21. I wish I _ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.A. could have sleptB. might have sleptC. sleptD. have slept w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m22. Jean doesnt want to work right away because she thinks tha

50、t if she _ a job she probably wouldnt be able to see her friends very often.A. has to getB. had gotC. were to getD. could have got23. If the whole operation _ beforehand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost.A. was not plannedB. had not been plannedC. has not been plannedD. were not p

51、lanned24. Had he worked harder, he _ the exams.A. must have got throughB. would get throughC. would have got throughD. could get through25. _ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party.A. Had they arrivedB. Were they arrivingC. Would they arriveD. Were they to a

52、rrive26. _ right now, she would get there on Sunday.A. Would she leaveB. Were she to leaveC. If she leavesD. If she had left27. _ for my illness I would have lent him a helping hand.A. Not beingB. Without beingC. Had it not beenD. Not having been28. _ for your laziness, you could have finished the a

53、ssignment by now.A. Had it not beenB. Werent itC. It were notD. Had not it been29. If it _ too much trouble, Id love a cup of tea.A. isntB. werentC. wasntD. hadnt been30. If I hadnt stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you _ now.A. wouldnt be smilingB. wont smileC. couldnt have smiledD

54、. didnt smile31. We didnt know his telephone number; otherwise we _ him.A. would have telephonedB. would telephoneC. must have telephonedD. had telephoned32. He must have had an accident, or he _ then.A. would have been hereB. should be hereC. had to be hereD. would be here33. Some women _ a good salary