教你學(xué)術(shù)論文畢業(yè)論文的寫作教程2.Topicandtitle

1、1. following personal interests (taking possibility and feasibility into consideration)2talking with other people (their feedback might help you todevelop an idea for a promising research topic )2.1 instructors2.2 peer students2.3 friends3. brainstorming (for inspiration or ideas that spontaneously

2、come into your mind)4. reading source material4.1 encyclopedias4.2 books (The table of contents can be of great help and can save your time to locate the information you want.)4.3 periodical indexes4.4 internet resourcesILthings to avoid in topicselection1 avoid a topicwhich istoo broad2. avoid a to

3、picwhich istoo narrow3avoid a topicwhich isinappropriately technicalIILNarrowing down the research topic1 considering the audience3. considering the available source materialsIV. TitleInclude the topic of the studyInclude the scope of the studyMake it easy to understand without reading firstInclude

4、key words to categorize and find in searchesFollow standard capitalization for your field (NOT ALL)TitleTitle: the brand of a paper; the abstract of an abstract1 general functionsa. generalizing the textb. attracting the readerc. facilitating the retrieval檢索)2. linguistic featuresa. using more nouns

5、, noun phrases and gerundsb. using an incomplete sentence3. writing requirementsa. be brief and concise (6-8 words)b. be specificc. avoid question titlesd being unifiede. being standard4. 標(biāo)題的結(jié)構(gòu)學(xué)術(shù)文章的標(biāo)題主要有三種結(jié)構(gòu)：名詞性詞組（包括動名詞），介詞詞組，名詞詞 組+介詞詞組。間或也用一個(gè)疑問句作標(biāo)題（多用在人文社會科學(xué)領(lǐng)域），但一般 不用陳述句或動詞詞組作標(biāo)題。（1）名詞性詞組名詞性詞組山名詞及其修

6、飾語構(gòu)成。名詞的修飾語可以是形容詞、介詞短語，有 時(shí)也可以是另一個(gè)名詞。名詞修飾名詞時(shí)，往往可以縮短標(biāo)題的長度。以下各標(biāo) 題分別由兩個(gè)名詞詞組構(gòu)成。例2a. Severe Weather and the Automobile（名詞詞組）（名詞詞組）b Soil Behavior and Critical Soil Mechanics（名詞詞組）（名詞詞組）c High Speed Flow Sensor and Fluid Power Systems Modelling（名詞詞組）（名詞詞組）d Traditional Versus Adult Studies Students: the Co

7、llege（名詞詞組）（名詞詞組）Experience（2）介詞詞組介詞詞組山介詞十名詞或名詞詞組構(gòu)成。如果整個(gè)標(biāo)題就是一個(gè)介詞詞組的話， 一般這個(gè)介詞是“on”，意思是“對的研究”。例3a. On the Distribution of Sound in a Corridorb. On the Crushing Mechanism of Thin Walled Structures（3）名詞/名詞詞組+介詞詞組這是標(biāo)題中用得最多的結(jié)構(gòu)。例4a. Fundamentals of Flow Measurement .（名詞）（介詞詞組）b Scattered Sound and Reverber

8、ation on Gity Streets and in Tunnels（名詞詞組）（介詞詞組）c Dietary Supplement and Body Image in Female College Students（名詞詞組）（名詞詞組）（介詞詞組）d Knowledge of Cardiovascular Disease in University Students（名詞）（介詞詞組）（介詞詞組）e Diversity in the Future Work Force（名詞）（介詞詞組）f. Progress on Fuel Cell and Its Materials（名詞）（介詞詞

9、組）g Damping Capacity of Shape Memory Alloy（名詞詞組）（介詞詞組）h Acoustics of Long Spaces： Theory and Application（名詞）（介詞詞組）（名詞詞組）i. Investigation of Air Bags Deployment Forces（名詞）（介詞詞組）on Out-of-Position Occupant（介詞詞組）j.Models of sustaining Human and Natural Development（名詞）（介詞詞組）in an Urban Environment（介詞詞組）

10、標(biāo)題中的介詞詞組一般用來修飾名詞或名詞詞組，從而限定某研究課題的范用。 這種結(jié)構(gòu)與中文的“的”字結(jié)構(gòu)相似，區(qū)別是中文標(biāo)題中修飾語在前，中心詞在后。 英文正好相反，名詞在前，而作為修飾語的介詞短語在后。例5a. Progress on Fuel Cell and Its Materials燃料電池及其材料進(jìn)展b Computer Simulation and Experimental Study On Cold Shut During Mold Filling鑄件充型中冷隔過程計(jì)算機(jī)模擬及其實(shí)驗(yàn)研究c. On the Fatigue Life Prediction of Spot Welded

11、Components點(diǎn)焊汽車構(gòu)件疲勞壽命預(yù)測c Investigation of Air Bags Deployment Forces on Out-Of-Position Occupant安全氣囊對離位乘員作用力的分析與研究（4）其他形式對于值得爭議的問題，偶爾可用疑問句作為論文的標(biāo)題，以點(diǎn)明整個(gè)論文討論的 焦點(diǎn)。例6a. Do Electromagnetic Fields Affect the Way Plants Grow?b Do Specific Ambient Odors Enhance Short Term Memory Function?c 130 Heterotrophic

12、Protozoa Release Major Quantities Of Dissolved Organic Phosphorous in Lake Water?有的標(biāo)題由兩部分組成，用冒號（：）隔開。一般來說，冒號前面一部分是研究的對象、內(nèi)容或課題，比較籠統(tǒng)，冒號后面具 體說明研究重點(diǎn)或研究方法。這種結(jié)構(gòu)可再分為三種模式。模式1研究課題：具體內(nèi)容例7a Microelectronic Assembly and Packaging Technology： Barriers and Needsb Fire Resistant Steels for Construction： Design Pro

13、perties and Microchemistry c Acoustics of Long Spaces Theory and Applicationd Impact of Cancer： Coping Process and Quality of Life模式2研究課題：方法/性質(zhì)例8a. Solid Oxide Fuel Cell： A Surveyb. Absorbable Implants in Finger Fractures. A Biomechanical and Comparative Studyc. The Use of Technology in Higher Educa

14、tion Programs: a National Surveyd Development of New Public Water Supply Well-fields Using ElectromagneticConductance: Two Case Studies模式3研究課題：問題焦點(diǎn)a. Aluminum: Is It Hazardous to Your Health?b. Noise: Good? Bad? Maybe Both?c. Manure: Friend or Foe?Exercises:Comment on/analyze the following titles, c

15、hange them if you think they are improper1. Auditory Perspectives of Different Types of Music2. Electromagnetic Fields Have Harmful Effects on Humans3. How to Use Water Resources for Irrigation in Semiarid Land4. Water Quality Can Be Protected Through the Successful Integration ofResearch and Educat

16、ion5. The Single Community Concept: A Model for Adult EnvironmentalEducation6. Physics and Art: Conceptual Linkages Can Be Uncovered7. Diamond Is Used for Electronic Devices8. Yellow Fevers Effect on Transportation and Commerce9. The Nature of Student Science Project Is Compared with EducationalGoal

17、s for Science10 A Qualitative / Quantitative analysis of the AdministrativeManagement Institute at Cornell University11. On Learning Foreign Languages And Cultural Background Teaching12. Is Literature Useless In TOEFL?13. A Bridge Between Two Worlds14 Developing Computer Internet and the Spread of C

18、ulture and InformationAnswers:1. Auditory Perspectives of Different Types of Music (Y)2. Electromagnetic Fields Have Harmful Effects on Humans (N)Harmful Effects of Electromagnetic Fields on Humans3. How to Use Water Resources for Irrigation in Semiarid Land (N)Using Water Resources for Irrigation i

19、n Semiarid Land4. Water Quality Can Be Protected Through the Successful Integration ofResearch and Education( N)Protecting Water Quality Through the Successful Integration ofResearch and Education5. The Single Community Concept: A Model for Adult EnvironmentalEducation (Y)6. Physics and Art: Conceptual Linkages Can Be Uncovered (N)Physics and Art: Uncovering Conceptual Linkages7. Diamond Is Used for Electronic Devices(N)Use of Diamond for Electric Devices8. Yellow FeverEffect on Transportation and Commerce (Y)9. The Nature of Student Science Project Is Compare