初中英語閱讀第2講--說明文·教師版

1、第2講說明文a篇一、請閱讀下面文章，并根據(jù)文章選擇正確答案volunteering means spending some of your free time helping others. you may volunteer to help other people, but you can also volunteer to protect animals, the environment, or any other thing that you care about. volunteering helps others, but it can also help you. if your

2、e worried about something thats happened, doing something can be a great way to cope with（處理） your feelings. volunteering can let you see your own life in new ways. sometimes its easy to worry about things like grades or get angry because you dont have the most expensive shoes or the newest computer

3、 game. volunteering lets you spend some time on others for a while. lots of people find that they really enjoy volunteering. volunteer experiences often put you in a different environment. doing volunteer work means one very important thing: you make a difference in the world. volunteering is a grea

4、t way to have fun with your family, and here are some ideas on how you can do together:clean up a park, or a road along a river.plant trees or flowers in your community.serve food at a homeless shelter. give meals to people who are elderly or ill at home. clean up a school or other public buildings.

5、 some schools now require kids to spend some of their time on service to others. volunteering gives kids a taste of responsibility（責(zé)任心）, because people are depending on them for something important. volunteering also can help kids learn important things about themselves. a volunteer job can even hel

6、p some kids decide what they want to do when they grow up. so what are you waiting for? make a plan to start volunteering today!vocabularies: 1. volunteering n. 志愿活動(dòng)；志愿者活動(dòng)2. volunteer n.志愿者; adj. 志愿的; v.自愿3. care about關(guān)心；在乎；擔(dān)憂；關(guān)懷4. cope with 對付；處理；應(yīng)付5. make a difference有影響；起（重要）作用 6. homeless shelte

7、r收容中心；流浪漢庇護(hù)所； 7. require v. 要求；需要；想要；命令8. responsibility n.責(zé)任；職責(zé)；責(zé)任感9. depend on 依賴；依靠；憑借10. grow up向上生長；長大；成熟1. to be a volunteer is useful to some students because _.a. they would like very much to buy expensive shoesb. their schools ask them to spend more time serving othersc. it can help them ma

8、ke their own decisions when they are olderd. they can serve food at homeless shelters2. volunteering can give us a lot so that _. a. we neednt worry about our grades or the environmentb. we can enjoy being served better in different waysc. we have more fun only with our families and friendsd. we sho

9、uld try our best to do more volunteer work3. the reason why students are asked to do some volunteering is that _.a. students should be more responsible for their school work and social workb. students are too lazy to do any work, inside or outside their schools and homesc. students always depend too

10、 much on their schools and familiesd. students are always waiting for the decisions of their parents or schools4.what does the underlined word “community” mean in chinese? a. 公社b. 公司 c. 社區(qū) d. 社團(tuán)keys: cdac練習(xí)一. 英英釋義1) aunt mary volunteered to clean up the kitchen. a. offer help willinglyb. want c. hat

11、ed. plan2) i mean to go shopping this afternoon. a. meanb. plan toc. am goingd. mean that i shall3)if you require further information, you should ask the teacher. a. searchb. need c. order d. enquire4) we put off the conference in order to better cope with the tense situation. a. come up with b. mix

12、 with c. deal with d. together with5) the sea air has made a difference to his health. a. damagedb. made a difficulty to c. been different fromd. improved keys: abbcd二. 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換1) mean v. （mean doing sth.）意思是，意味著；（mean to do）打算 _ n. 意義；含義 _ adj. 有意義的 _ adj. 無意義的we fill up our lives with _ tasks.the chil

13、d read the story but did not comprehend its _.meaningwhat do you _ by opening my letters without permission?meanhe glanced _ at the other policeman, then he went up the stairs.we found no _ differences at all, she says.keys: meaningless meaning mean meaningfully meaningful2) experience n. 經(jīng)驗(yàn)，經(jīng)歷 _ ad

14、j. 老練的，富有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的 _ n. 經(jīng)驗(yàn)者，感受者 we should learn from _ teachers. we had never _ this kind of holiday before.keys: experienced experienced3) responsibility n. 責(zé)任 _ adj. 有責(zé)任心的，負(fù)責(zé)的 _ adv.負(fù)責(zé)的do you want to be _ for your own life decisions?it was his _ for foreign affairs that gained him international prestige

15、.keys: responsible responsibility1. volunteering 2. volunteer 3. care about 4. cope with 5.make a difference 6. homeless shelter 7. require 8. responsibility 9. depend on 10. grow up三. 選詞填空1. she would like to volunteer at a _.2. a little knowledge can_ at a time of death.3. we need to take _ for lo

16、oking after our own health4. do not imagine that you can_ all the problems.5. you cant _ your parents forever.6. tom wants to be a coach when he _.7. she now helps in a local school as a _ three days a week.8. the young people should _ the old.9. _doesnt only improve your life, but also the lives of

17、 others10. this _some time and patience.key: 1. homeless shelter 2. make a difference3. responsibility4. cope with5. depend on6. grows up 7. volunteer8. care about 9. volunteering10. requires四. 句子翻譯volunteering means spending some of your free time helping others._you make a difference in the world.

18、_some schools now require kids to spend some of their time on service to others._五. 語法填空some schools now require kids spend some time _others for a while.gives kids a taste of (reponsible) , because people are depending them for something important. volunteering also can help kids learn important th

19、ings about (them). _ volunteer job can even help some kids (decision) what they want to do they grow up. so what are you waiting ? make a plan to start volunteering today!keys: to on volunteeringresponsibility themselvesdecidewhen for 文章點(diǎn)評：通過向大家展示什么是志愿者，志愿者的工作有哪些，以及志愿者工作能夠在許多的方面幫助孩子?！绊樖謸炱鹨黄?，純潔的是自己的

20、精神；俯身擦去地上一塊污漬，凈化的是自己的靈魂。”這句話是一位志愿者的心聲，其實(shí)我們可以在閑暇之余多去用志愿者的行動(dòng)充實(shí)我們的生活，從我做起，從身邊的小事做起。長難句分析：volunteering means spending some of your free time helping others.此句話中涉及到動(dòng)名詞做主語的知識點(diǎn)。mean + doing“意味著”sb. spend some time(in)doing sth.某人花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事。動(dòng)名詞做主語的用法：動(dòng)名詞做主語往往表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，在口語中也可以表示具體的動(dòng)作。如：painting is his hobby.

21、 繪畫是他的愛好。talking mends no holes. 空談無濟(jì)于事。動(dòng)名詞做主語和不定式做主語一樣，也可以用it作形式主語。如：it is no use talking without doing. 光說不做沒有用。不定式做主語往往表示具體的特別是將來的動(dòng)作。如：its so hot. what i want to do now is to have a swim in a river.天這么熱，現(xiàn)在我想做的事是在河里游泳。學(xué)以致用:what do you think made mary so upset？ _ her new bicycle.a. as she lost b. l

22、ostc. losing d. because of losingkey: 該題正確選項(xiàng)為c, losing her new bicycle是句子的主語，謂語made her so upset被省略，losing在此表示具體的動(dòng)作。寄語：本篇文章中涉及的動(dòng)名詞做主語的句子很多，還有很多非謂語動(dòng)詞的其他用法，大家可以一一找出來，然后分析一下，以后用在所寫的作文中。此外，本篇閱讀理解的主題是志愿者，志愿者這個(gè)主題在中考作文中也是很常見的，所以希望大家可以把本篇文章中比較好的詞語、段落一一背誦下來。byounger adults who get either little sleep or a lo

23、t of it may see a greater increase in their waistlines(腰圍) over time, a study suggests. the study included 332 african-american and 775 hispanic-american (拉丁裔美國人) men and women aged 18 to 81. the researchers measured their abdominal (腹部的) fat, at the start of the study and again five years later. am

24、ong the people younger than 40 in the research, the study found, those who said they slept for five hours or less each night gained more fat than those who averaged six or seven hours of sleep. those who slept eight hours or more in bed each night also showed a bigger fat gain - but it was not as mu

25、ch as that seen in short sleepers. the findings, according to the lead researcher dr. kristen, support the belief that sleep habits affect weight, and health in general. sleep is an important part of your overall health - not just in whether youre tired during the day, she said. as for why sleep tim

26、e might affect abdominal-fat gain, there are several facts:people who get too little sleep may be too tired during the day to exercise, while those who spend a lot of time in bed may spend less time being active, comparing to people who sleep fewer hours. research also suggests that sleep loss chang

27、es peoples appetite-regulating hormones（胃口調(diào)節(jié)荷爾蒙）- which could, in theory, make them overeat. whats more, depression, which is a feeling of sadness that makes people think there is no hope for the future, could also be a reason. he also noted that it often affects peoples sleep and has been linked to

28、 weight gain. vocabularies 1. increase v. 增加，增大，增多2. suggestv. 建議，提議；暗示；3. measure v. 測量 n. 措施 4. according to 根據(jù)5. affect v. 影響；感染；6. whether 是否；不管7. as for至于，關(guān)于8. whileconj.在期間；雖然；而9. compare to比較；把.比作10. note v.注意；記錄11. be link to與連接；與有關(guān)聯(lián)1._ will get less fat gain according to the passage.a. youn

29、ger adults who sleep for five hours or lessb. people who sleep more than 8 hours every dayc. younger adults who are from africa or americad. people who sleep about six or seven hours a day2.the underlined word “that” refers to _.a. a fat gainb. sleep habitsc. too little sleepd. too much sleep3.what

30、can we learn from the passage?a. the more we sleep, the more energetic we will be.b. the less we sleep every day, the less fat we will get.c. those who are in sadness could easily get a bigger fat gain.d. the african and hispanic adults easily get a greater weight gain.keys: dac練習(xí)一.單詞連線1) measureput

31、 forward a plan or idea for someone to think about2) suggestbecomes greater in number, level, or amount.3) affectaction and step4) noteinfluence or cause to change in some way.5) increasebecome aware of something二.詞性轉(zhuǎn)換suggest v. 建議 _ n. 建議measure v. 測量；n. 測量，措施 _ n. 測量；計(jì)量 度量；尺寸compare v. 比較 _ n. 比較；

32、對照note v. 注意，記錄 n. 筆記，票據(jù)increase v. 增長 n.增加，增長 _ adj. 漸增的 _adv. 越來越多地；漸增地_ v. 下降，減少keys: suggestion measurement comparisonincreasing increasingly decrease三.適當(dāng)形式填空1）she was finding it _(increase) difficult to get about.2）i have lots of _(suggest) for the parks future.3) since oxygen is _(decrease), t

33、emperature is gradually rising.keys: increasingly suggestions decreasing四.選詞填空increasesuggest measure according to affect whether as forwhilecompare to note be link to1. i _ you ask him some specific questions about his past.2. suddenly, i _ that the rain had stopped.3. it was difficult to _ the pre

34、cise impact of the labor action.4. the company has _ the price of its cars.5. more than seven million people have been _ by drought.6. i dont know _theyve found anybody yet.7. both stations _ the airport by city buses.8. _my son, its not all bad.9. the first two services are free, _the third costs 3

35、5.00.10. the writer was _shakespeare.keys: 1. suggest 2. noted 3. measure 4. increased 5. affected 6. whether 7. are link to 8. as for 9. while 10. compared to五.語法填空 among the people younger _ 40 in the research, the study found, those who said they slept_ five hours or less each night gained more f

36、at than those who averaged six _seven hours of sleep. those who slept eight hours or more in bed each night also showed a_ (big) fat gain - but it was not as much as that seen in short _ (sleep). the findings, according to the lead_ (research) dr. kristen, support the belief that sleep habits affect

37、 weight, _health in general. sleep is an important part of your overall health - not just in whether youre_ (tired) during the day, she said. keys: than for or bigger sleepers researcher and tired六.句子翻譯1. there is no denying that + s + v .（不可否認(rèn)的.）翻譯：不可否認(rèn)的，我們的生活品質(zhì)已經(jīng)越來越糟。_2.it is universally acknowled

38、ged that + 句子 （全世界都知道.）翻譯：全世界都知道樹木對我們是不可或缺的。_3. there is no doubt that + 句子 （毫無疑問的.）翻譯：毫無疑問的我們的教育制度令人不滿意。_4. an advantage of is that + 句子（.的一個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)是.）翻譯：使用太陽能一個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)是它不會制造任何污染。_ cthe ocean can be a great place to swim and play, it may also be useful in another way. some scientists think that waves could h

39、elp make electricity.“have you ever been on a surfboard or boat and felt yourself being lifted up by a wave?” asked jamie taylor of the wave energy group in scotland. “there is certainly a lot of energy in waves.”scientists are working on using that energy to make electricity. the united states and

40、a few other countries have started doing research on wave energy, and it is already being used in scotland.most waves are created when winds blow across the ocean. “the winds start out by making little ripples (波紋) in the water, but if they keep on blowing, those ripples get bigger and bigger and tu

41、rn into waves,” taylor said. “waves are one of natures ways of picking up energy and then sending it off on a journey.”when waves come towards the coast, people can set up dams(大壩) to block the water and send it through a large wheel called a turbine(渦輪). the turbine can then power an electrical gen

42、erator(發(fā)電機(jī)).we will never run out of wave power. besides, wave energy does not create the same pollution as oil and coal do.oceans cover three quarters of the earths surface. that would make wave power seem perfect for creating energy around the world. but there are some disadvantages that need us t

43、o pay more attention to.jamie taylor said that wave power still cost too much money. he said that its influence on animals in the sea is still unknown. besides, wave power would get in the way of fishing and boat traffic. with more research, “many of these problems might be solved,” taylor said. “fi

44、nding more energy sources is very important, for traditional sources of energy like oil and gas may run out some day.”in the future, when you turn on a light button, an ocean wave could be providing the electricity!1. we can learn from the passage that_. a. almost every country is making use of the

45、wave power at present b. it is necessary for us to develop wave power instead of oil and coal c. wave power will be sure to make some bad influence on sea animals d. scientists are making efforts to find new ways of fishing and boat traffic 2. what does the fourth paragraph tell us? a. why scientist

46、s are doing the research on wave power. b. what experience that scientists have achieved so far. c. how the wave energy forms and grows bigger. d. which countries are trying out wave power.3. whats the writers attitude towards wave power? a. the writer believes that wave power will be used widely by

47、 man. b. the writer doubts if wave energy can be changed into electricity. c. the writer is sure the experiments will come to the end some day. d. the writer thinks that wave power isnt worth researching at all.4. what can be the best title for the passage?a. sea animals and wave power.b. how do we

48、get wave energy?c. the advantages of wave power.d. can waves make electricity?keys: 1:b 2:c 3:a 4:d小題1:細(xì)節(jié)理解題，由文中語句“scientists are working on using that energy to make electricity. the united states and a few other countries have started doing research on wave energy, and it is already being used in

49、scotland.”可知。小題2:理解歸納題，由文中語句“the winds start out by making little ripples (波紋) in the water, but if they keep on blowing, those ripples get bigger and bigger and turn into wave s”可知。小題3:細(xì)節(jié)理解題，由文中語句“oceans cover three quarters of the earths surface. that would make wave power seem perfect for creatin

50、g energy around the world.”可知。小題4:標(biāo)題歸納題，縱觀全文理解可知。練習(xí)一、英英釋義。1. the winds start out by making little ripples (波紋) in the water.a. set out b. get off c. begin d. start2. besides, wave energy does not create the same pollution as oil and coal do.a. except b. apart from c. in addition to d. except for3. but there are some disadvantages that n