語言學填空題

1、填空題Chapterl1. function is realized by mood and modality.【答案】Interpersonal2. Halliday proposes a theory of metali ngual fun cti ons of Ian guage, that is, la nguagehas, in terpers onal and textual fun cti ons.【答案】ideational3. Some senten ces do not describe thin gs. They cannot be said to be true or

2、false.The uttera nee of these senten ces is or is a part of the doing of an acti on. They are called p.【答案】 performative1. studies meaning in Ianguage, is about principlesof forming and understanding correct English sentences, and isconcerned with the internal organization of words. They are all amo

3、ng the main bran ches of lin guistics.【答案】semantics； syntax； morphology2. In linguistics, refers to the study of the rules governing the waywords are comb ined to form sen ten ces in a Ian guage, or simply, the study of the formati on as senten ces.【答案】Syntax3. studies how the speech sounds are made

4、, transmitted, andreceived, and studies the rules governing the structure, distributionand sequencing of speech sounds and the shape of syllables.【答案】phon etics; phono logy1. is the study of the Ianguage-processing mechanisms. It isconcerned with the storage, comprehe nsion, product ion and acquisit

5、i on of Ian guage;, on the other hand, attempts to show the relati on shipbetwee n Ian guage and society. They both bel ong to bran ches of macroli nguistics.【答案】 psycholinguistics ; sociolinguistics2. Computational linguistics can be seen as a branch of applied linguistics, dealingwith computer of

6、human Ianguage.【答案】 processing1. grammars attempt to tell what is in the Ianguage, whilegrammars tell people what should be in the Ian guage. Most con temporary lin guists believe that whatever occurs n aturally in the Ian guage should be described.【答案】 descriptive； prescriptive2. In linguistics, la

7、nguages are studied at a theoretical point in time:one describes a state of the Ianguage, disregarding whatever changes might be taking place.【答案】synchronicChapter21. Consonant articulations are relatively easy to feel, and as a result are most conveniently described in terms of place and of articul

8、ation.【答案】manner2. are produced by con strict ing or obstruct ing the vocal tract at someplace to divert, impede, or completely shut off the flow of air in the oral cavity. 【答案】 consonantsChapter31. There are two fields of morphology: the study of and the studyof .【答案】inflectional ； lexical/derivati

9、onal2. A morpheme is one that cannot constitute a word by itself.【答案】bound3. is a branch of lin guistics that studies the in terrelati on shipbetwee n pho no logy and morphology.【答案】Morphophonology1. is a relatively complex form of compounding in which a newword is formed by joining the initial part

10、 of one word and the final part of another word. For example, the En glish word smog is made from and .【答案】blending ； smoke； fog2. The principle of Creation can account for the co-existenee of twoforms, regular and irregular, in the conjugation of some English verbs.【答案】Analogical3. Back-formation r

11、efers to an abnormal type of word-formation where a shorterword is derived by deleti ng an affix from a Ion ger form already in theIan guage.【答案】imaginedChapter41. refers to ties and conn ecti ons which exist within texts. They are also calledformal li nks betwee n senten ces and betwee n clauses.【答

12、案】CohesionChapter51. Accord ing to G Leech, meaning is the com muni cative value anexpression has by virtue of what it refers to, over and above its purely conceptual content【答案】connotative2. Accordi ng to G. Leech, meaning refers to what is com muni catedof the feeli ngs and attitudes of the speake

13、r writer.【答案】affective1. “X buys something from Yand “ Y sells something to X” are in a relationof .【答案】con verse antonymy2. Terms like “ desk” and “stool are of the term “furniture ”.【答案】（co-）hyponyms3. “ Tulip” , “rose” and “ violet ” are all in eluded in the no tio n of “ flower ” . Therefore, th

14、ey are superordinates of “flower ”【答案】FChapter91. “The world is like a stage” is anexamplnxfl “All the world is a stageis an example of. They are often used in analyzing features of literaryIan guage.nnn【答案】simile； metaphor1. At differe nt times, differe nt patter ns of metre and sound have developed andbecome accepted as way