新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)語(yǔ)法解析及練習(xí)題分享

1、新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)語(yǔ)法解析及練習(xí)題分享 新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)語(yǔ)法解析及練習(xí)題：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)一.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：have / has + been + 現(xiàn)在分詞1.表示從過去某時(shí)開始發(fā)生，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在且可能延續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作。(將此定義讀 5遍)ive been waiting for an hour but she hasnt come.he has been running after her for 8 years.(run after: 追求)2.表某種感情色彩。ive been wanting to see you for so many years.whos been telling yo

2、u such nonsense.釋惑要點(diǎn)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的對(duì)比：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)“結(jié)果”，而完成進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)“動(dòng)作的延續(xù)”。i have thought of it.(我已想到了這一點(diǎn)。)i have been thinking of it.(我一直在想這一點(diǎn)。)jim has painted the door.(杰姆已將門油漆過了。)jim has been painting the door.(杰姆一直在油漆門。)練習(xí)：1. they _ us since five oclock this morning.a. are helping b. have been helpingc.

3、have been helped d. have helped2. i _ the book the whole day, yet i havent finished it.a. have been reading b. have readc. am reading d. had been reading3. please come in. we _ about your paper.a. talk b. had been talkingc. have been talking d. would have talked4. such natural resources as coal and

4、petroleum _.a. gradually are exhausted b. are being gradually exhaustedc. have gradually exhausting d. have been exhausting gradually5. it _ almost every day so far this month.a. is raining b. rained c. rains d. has been raining用所給動(dòng)詞正確時(shí)態(tài)填空。1. you should go to bed. you _ (watch) tv for 5 hours.2. i _

5、 (write) letters since breakfast.3. i _ (write) 3 letters since breakfast.4. sorry, but mr. smith _ (leave) for beijing.5. i _ (look) for him everywhere, where can he be?新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)語(yǔ)法解析及練習(xí)題：分詞1.分詞的性質(zhì)：具有形容詞性質(zhì)，可以在句中擔(dān)任表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)、狀語(yǔ)，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)，且動(dòng)作在進(jìn)行：過去分詞表示被動(dòng)，或動(dòng)作已完成。2.分詞的形式：例： write (vt) rise (vi)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 主動(dòng)

6、過去分詞時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在時(shí) writing being written rising risen /完成時(shí) having written having been written having risen /3.分詞的用法：(1)定語(yǔ) 分詞置于被修飾名詞前分詞短語(yǔ)于置于被修飾名詞后a sleeping baby = a baby who is sleepinga running dog = a dog which is runninga broken glass = a glass which is brokena beaten team = a team which is beaten(beaten

7、是被打敗的意思)this is the problem discussed at the last meeting.the problem being discussed is very important.(2)表語(yǔ)：the book is interesting.he is interested in the book.the news is exciting.he feels excited.(3)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：when i woke up, i found my mother sitting beside me.id like to havethis package weighed.掌握

8、精髓：動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作的全過程，而現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行;過去分詞表示被動(dòng)概念。(4)狀語(yǔ)：(以下例句值得一背!) if you turn to the left, youll find the station. turning to the left, youll find the station. as i didnt receive her letter, i called her up by telephone. not receiving her letter, i called her up by telephone. while i was walking to

9、school yesterday morning, i met a friend. walking to school yesterday morning, i met a friend. when she was asked it she had any bad habit, she answeredthat she was a heavy smoker. asked if she had any bad habit, she answered that she was a heavy smoker.你知道嗎?注意：在運(yùn)用此類句型時(shí)主語(yǔ)前后要保持一致。 whenschool was over

10、, the boys went home. being over, the boys went home. school being over, the boys went home. as my homework has been done, i have nothing else to do. my homework having been done, i have nothing else to do. ifweather permits, ill start tomorrow. weather permitting, ill start tomorrow. i fwe judge fr

11、om his face, he must be ill. judging from his face, he must be ill.(這里應(yīng)該是 we judging .，但若主語(yǔ)是we, one, you表示“一般人”，主語(yǔ)可省略)實(shí)際上，這里涉及到獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)問題，以后在作分解!4.分詞的時(shí)態(tài)：現(xiàn)在分詞一般時(shí)表示此動(dòng)作與主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生。現(xiàn)在分詞完成時(shí)表示此動(dòng)作在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生。entering the room, hesaw he. (幾乎同時(shí))not having tried his best, he failed in the exam. (分詞動(dòng)作在前)5.語(yǔ)態(tài)：現(xiàn)在分

12、詞一般時(shí)被動(dòng)表動(dòng)作正在被進(jìn)行，完成時(shí)被動(dòng)強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞所表示的動(dòng)作先被完成。the ships being loaded and unloaded belong to us.having been warned of typhoon, the fishermen sailed for the nearest harbor.(漁民先被告知而后駛向港口)練習(xí)題：exercises:1. the _ news made them _.a. excite / exciting b. exciting / excitedc. exciting / to be excited d. excited / exci

13、ted2. _ an answer from the committee, he was worried.a. having not got b. getting notc. not having got d. having not been got3. _, all the quarrels came to an end.a. the lost money was found b. was the lost money foundc. because the lost money found d. with the lost money found4. many of our dreams

14、_ impossible in the past have come true.a. were considered b. to be consideredc. considering d. considered5. the hall was so noisy for the speaker to make himself _.a. hear b. being heard c. hearing d. heard6. after a whole days heavy work, the old worker returned home,_.a. hungry and exhausted b. h

15、ungry and exhaustingc. hungry and being exhausted d. hungry and exhaust答案：1. b 2. c 3. d 4. d 5. d 6. a新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)語(yǔ)法解析及練習(xí)題：不定式一.不定式1.定義：具有名詞、形容詞及副詞性質(zhì)并具有時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)變化。2.形式：(以do為例)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般時(shí) to do to be done進(jìn)行時(shí) to be doing完成時(shí) to have done to have been done完成進(jìn)行時(shí) to have been doing3.用法：(1)用作主語(yǔ)：to speak good en

16、glish is not easy.or: it is not easy to speak good english.(采用形式主語(yǔ) it 以避免頭重腳輕)it took me an hour to do the work.(2)用作賓語(yǔ)：she decided to take the examination.i hope to meet him soon.(3)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：they expected us to help them.hewants his son to study hard.金牌重點(diǎn)：不定式作賓補(bǔ)，如謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是感官動(dòng)詞，使役性動(dòng)詞(see, hear, notice, wat

17、ch, make, have, let.)，則不定式符號(hào)“to”須省略，但在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中不能省。i heard them sing in the classroom.i made her clean the room.the girl is heard to sing an english song.(4)用作表語(yǔ)：to teach is to learn.his job is to sell cars.(5)用作狀語(yǔ)，表示目的，結(jié)果。we come to school to study english.(目的)= in order toi hurried to the store, only

18、to find it closed.(結(jié)果)(6)定語(yǔ)：不定式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)須位于名詞之后。he asked for a piece of paper to write it on.= to write it on the piece of paper.the poor man has no house to live in.= to live in the house.have you anything to do?= to do anything4.不定式的時(shí)態(tài)意義：she seems to dance very well.(現(xiàn)在情況)she seems to be dancing in th

19、e dancing hall.(正在進(jìn)行)she seems to have danced well.(過去情況)has was happy to have been staying with his uncle.(動(dòng)作持續(xù)一段時(shí)間)5.不定式語(yǔ)態(tài)：the doctor recommended him to air the room.the doctor recommended the room to be aired.she expects the police to find her bicycle.she expects her bicycle to be found by the po

20、lice.she felt a bit puzzled as he had asked her such a question.she felt a bit puzzled to have been asked such a question.6.不定式否定形式：not to do .he got up early in order not to miss the train.練習(xí)題1. did you find out _ the pie out of oven?a. to take b. have taken c. when to take d. being taken2. you wou

21、ld be irritated if you watched the mail _ on your desk every day.a. putting up b. to be put up c. to pile up d. pile up3. we shall set jim _ the passage.a. explaining b. explained c. to explain d. explain4. in fact, she would rather leave for san francisco _ in los angeles.a. tostay b. than stay c.

22、than staying d. than have stayed5. madame curies is believed _ the radium.a. discovering b. having discovered c. to have discovered d. todiscover新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)語(yǔ)法解析及練習(xí)題：動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞：1.動(dòng)名詞定義：具有名詞性質(zhì)，可在句中擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)，具有所有格作修飾語(yǔ)。2.形式：以do為例doing being donehaving done having been done3.用法：(1)主語(yǔ)：saving is easier than do

23、ing.his coming here will be a great help.it is no use waiting here, he has left.it is no goodsmoking.there is no getting along with him.(簡(jiǎn)直無(wú)法和他相處)以上例句皆必須要背誦!(2)表語(yǔ)：his job is keeping the hall clean as possible.seeing is believing.(3)賓語(yǔ)：a. 動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)：he admitted taking the book.i do mind your smoking here.重

24、磅要點(diǎn)，請(qǐng)讀20 遍：下列動(dòng)詞須跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)：admit, appreciate, avoid, complete, delay, deny, enjoy, fancy, finish,mind, practice, resent, risk, suggest, allow, permit.特注：以allow為例：allow + doing sth(動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ))。但可以：allow sb to do sth(不定式作賓補(bǔ))。這類動(dòng)詞常見如 advise, allow, permit, recommend, etc.b. 作介詞賓語(yǔ)：he left without saying goodby

25、e to us.im looking forwardto meeting you.(to 在這里是介詞)(4)定語(yǔ)：reading room swimming pool walking stick4.動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：由名詞所有格或物主代詞與動(dòng)名詞構(gòu)成。his leaving is a great loss.mother dislikes my (me) working late.johns having seen her did not make her worried.注：動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)多作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作主語(yǔ)是必須是所有格。如上二例，但作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以用所有格，也可用普通格。(解釋得很拗口，請(qǐng)將例句看透即可!)5.動(dòng)名詞時(shí)態(tài)：i am thinking of setting a new dictionary.(以后)he never talked to me about his having been in paris.(以前)6.動(dòng)名詞語(yǔ)態(tài)：he doesnt like being flattered.i heard of his having been chosen to be the coach of the team.7.動(dòng)名詞與不定式在用法上的幾點(diǎn)比較：(1)在 begin，start，continue 等