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1、小學(xué)六年級英語必須要掌握的語法知識(shí)點(diǎn) 一、名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式規(guī)則 1. 一般情況下,直接加-s,女口: book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2. 以 o.s. x. sh. ch 結(jié)尾,力口-es,女口: bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3 .以“輔音字母y”結(jié)尾,變 y為i,再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4. 以“ f或fe”結(jié)尾,變f或fe為v,再加-es,如:knife-knives leafleaves 5.

2、不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù): man-menwoman-womenpoliceman-policemen policewoman-policewomen child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth fish-fish people-people Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese 練習(xí)、寫出下列各詞的復(fù)數(shù) her _ I him this watch child photo diary _ day_ foot book _ dress _ tooth_ sheep box _ strawberry peach s a n d w i c h _

3、 _dish_ bus man_ woman 二、一 般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的功能 CD表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。如:The sky is blue.天空是藍(lán)色的。 表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。 如: I get up at six o clock every day. 我天天六點(diǎn)起床。 3 表示客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)。如: The earth goes around the sun. 地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。 2 .一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成 肯定句:a. be動(dòng)詞:(有一順口溜體現(xiàn)了它的用法:我用am,你用are , is用于他,她,它,單數(shù)is,復(fù)數(shù)are.。) 主語+ be(am /is/are)+ 其他如: I

4、 am a boy. 我是一個(gè)男孩。 b.行為動(dòng)詞(實(shí)義動(dòng)詞):主語+行為動(dòng)詞+其他除主語是第三人稱單數(shù)外, 都用動(dòng)詞原形;當(dāng)主語是第三人稱時(shí),則在行為動(dòng)詞詞尾加 -s或-es。 如: We study English. 我們學(xué)習(xí)英語。 She goes to work by bike. 她騎自行車去上班。 否定句:a.主語 + be(am /is/are) +not + 其他 女口: I am not a boy. b.主語 +dont/doesnt+ 行為動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他 女口: We don study English. She doesnt go to work by bike. 3

5、 一般疑問句 : a. Be(Am /Is /Are)+ 主語+ 其他? 簡 略 回 答 : ( 肯 ) Yes, 主 語 + be(am /is/are). ( 否 ) No, 主 語 + be(am /is/are)+not. 如:Are you a boy?你是一個(gè)男孩嗎?(肯)Yes,I am.(否)No, Im not. b. Do/Does+ 主語+ 其他? 簡略回答:(肯)Yes,主語 + do/does.(否)No,主語 + dont/doesnt. 如:Do you study English?(肯)Yes,we do.(否)No, we don .- Does she go

6、 to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt. 特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+ 一般疑問句?如:a. be動(dòng)詞:Who are you? b. 行為動(dòng)詞: What do you do? How does she go to work? 3. 動(dòng)詞三單的變化規(guī)則(即“如何從動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)榈谌朔Q單數(shù)”) 一般情況下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks get-gets 以 o.s.x.sh.ch 結(jié)尾,直接力口 -es,如: wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 以“輔音字母 y”結(jié)尾,變y為i,再加-es,

7、如:study-studies 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用法專練 : 一、寫出下列動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù) drink go _ stay _ make _ look have_ pass_ _ carry come watch_ _ plant _ fly _ study _ brush do teach wash 二、用括號內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. He often (have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy (be) in Class One. 3. We (not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick (not go) to the zoo

8、 on Sunday. 5. they (like) the World Cup? 6. What they often (do) on Saturdays? 7. your pare nts(read) n ewspapers every day? 8. The girl(teach) us En glish on Sun days. 9. She and I(take) a walk together every eve ning. 10. There(be) some water in the bottle. 11. Mike(like) cooki ng. 12. They(have)

9、 the same hobby. 13. My aunt(look) after her baby carefully. 14. You always(do) your homework well. 15. I(be) ill. I m staying in bed. 16. She(go) to school from Mon day to Friday. 17. Liu Tao(do) not like PE. 18. The child ofte n(watch) TV in the eve ning. 19. Su Hai and Su Yang(have) eight less on

10、s this term. 20. What day(be) it today? It s Saturday 三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 1. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,也可表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi) 的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 2. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成:be+動(dòng)詞的ing現(xiàn)在分詞形式。 肯定句:主語+be動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞ing+其他。如:We are studying. 否定句:主語+be動(dòng)詞+not+動(dòng)詞ing+其他。如:We aren t studying. 一般疑問句:Be動(dòng)詞+主語+動(dòng)詞ing+其他。如:Are you study in g? 肯定回答:Yes+主語+be動(dòng)詞。如:Yes,we

11、are. 否定回答:No+主語+be動(dòng)詞+not。如:No,we aren . (注:isnot可以縮寫成isn , tare n ot可以縮寫成aren ,t但是am not在 現(xiàn)代英語中不可以縮寫。) 特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+ 一般疑問句?如: What are you doi ng? 現(xiàn)在分詞的變化規(guī)則 1. 一般情況下,直接加 ing,如:cook-cooking think-thinking 2 .以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的單詞,去掉字母e ,再加ing如: make-maki ng have-hav ing 3. 以重讀閉音節(jié)(重讀閉音節(jié)即兩個(gè)輔音中間夾一個(gè)元音并且重讀的音節(jié)) 結(jié)尾,

12、呈現(xiàn)“輔,元,輔”結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞,雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加ing 如: stop-stopping sit-sitting run-running 4以ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,把ie改為y,再加ing die-dying lie-lying 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)專項(xiàng)練習(xí): 一、寫出下列動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞: play run swim make go like write study read have sing dan ce put see buy love live take come get stop sit beg in shop 二、用所給的動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空: 1. The boy( draw)a pictu

13、re now. 2. Listen .Some girls ( sing)in the classroom . 3. My mother ( cook )some nice food now. 4. What you ( do ) now? 5. Look . They ( have) an English lesson . 6. They (not ,water) the flowers now. 7. Look! the girls (dance )in the classroom . 8. What is our granddaughter doing? She (listen ) to

14、 music. 9. It s 5 o clock now. We (have)supper now 10. Helen(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is . 四、一般將來時(shí) 一、概念:表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或預(yù)備做某事。 句中 一般 有以 下時(shí) 間 狀語 : tomorrow, next day(week, month, year ),so on, the day after tomorrow(后天)等。 二、基本結(jié)構(gòu):肯定句:a.主語+shall/will+do+其他。(will可用于所有人 稱, shall 只用于第一人稱 I 和 we) 如: I

15、 will go swimming tomorrow. b. 主語+ be going to + do+ 其他。(注意: be 動(dòng)詞要與主語的人稱和數(shù)一 致)如: I am going to go swimming tomorrow. 否定句:a.主語 +shall/will+not+do ( will not 可縮寫成 won t) b. 主語+ be+ not+ going to +do 如: I won t go swimming tomorrow. I am not going to go swimming tomorrow. 一般疑問句:a. Shall/Will+ 主語 + do+

16、 其他? b. Be+ 主語 +goi ng to+do+ 其 他 ? 如 : Will you go swimming tomorrow? Are you going to go swimming tomorrow ? 特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞 +一般疑問句?如: What will you go tomorrow? What are you going to do tomorrow? 練習(xí)填空。 1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。 I have a picnic with my friends. I have a picnic with my friends. 2. 我們將要學(xué)習(xí)英語 We le

17、arn English. We learn English. 五、一般過去時(shí) 1一般過去時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常和表示過去 的時(shí)間狀語連用,如:yesterday , yesterday morning , yesterday after noon , yesterday evening , the day before yesterday ( 前 天 ) , last night , last week , last month , last year 等。 一般過去時(shí)也表示過去經(jīng)常或反復(fù) 發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 2一般過去式的基本結(jié)構(gòu): Be 動(dòng)詞在一般過去時(shí)中的變化: am禾口

18、 is在一般過去時(shí)中變?yōu)?was。( was not=wasn t) are 在一般過去時(shí)中變?yōu)?were。( were not=weren t) 肯定句:主語+動(dòng)詞過去式+其他。如:I was in Sha nghai last mon th. 上個(gè)月我在上海。 We went to Shanghai last month. 我們上個(gè)月去了上海。 否定句:a主語+ wasn t/weren t+其他。 如: I wasn t in Shanghai last month. b.主語+ did n t + 動(dòng)詞原形 +其他。(did + not = did nt) 如: We didn tgo

19、 to Shanghai last month. 3 一般疑問句 : a. Was/Were+ 主語+其他? 如: Were you in Shanghai last month? b. Did +主語+ 動(dòng)詞原形 +其他?如: Did you go to Sha nghai last mon th? 4 特殊疑問句: 特殊疑問詞 +一般疑問句?如: Where were you last month? Where did you go last month? 動(dòng)詞過去式變化規(guī)則: 1一般情況下,在動(dòng)詞原形后面加 -ed; 如: looklooked play played start sta

20、rted visit visited 2. 以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,在詞尾直接加-d ;女如: live lived use used 3. 以“輔音字母+ y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,先將y改為i ,再加-ed ;如:study studied, try tried fly flied 4. 以重讀閉音節(jié)(即輔音+元音+輔音)或r音節(jié)結(jié)尾,末尾只有一個(gè)輔 音字母的動(dòng)詞,要先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母后,再加 - ed, 如: stopstopped plan planned 5. 不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過去式: am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave,

21、 get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, swim-swam, sit-sat 練習(xí)一、寫出下列動(dòng)詞的過去式 is/am plant are drink play go make does dance worry ask taste eat put kick pass do 練習(xí)二、用 be 動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1. I at school j

22、ust now. 2. He at the camp last week. 3. We students two years ago. 4. They on the farm a moment ago. 5. Yang Ling eleven years old last year. 6. There an apple on the plate yesterday. 7. There some milk in the fridge on Sunday. 8. The mobile phone on the sofa yesterday evening. 練習(xí)三、用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1.

23、I (watch) a cartoon on Saturday. 2. Her father (read) a newspaper last night. 3. We to zoo yesterday, we to the park. (go) 4. you (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival? 5. he (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he . 6. Gao Shan(pull) up carrots last Nati onal Day holiday. 7.1(sweep) the floor yesterd

24、ay, but my mother. 8. What she (find) in the garden last morning? She (find) a beautiful butterfly. 六、人稱代詞和物主代詞 第一人稱 第二人稱 第三人稱 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù) 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù) 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù) 人 稱 代 詞 主格 I we you you she he it they 賓格 me us you you her him it them 物 主 代 詞 形容詞 性 my our your your her his its their 名詞 mi ne ours yours yours hers his

25、 its theirs 人稱代詞指代人或物,在句中作主語或賓語,所以有主格和賓格。 賓格代詞用于替代處于賓語位置上的名詞,可以用作直接賓語和間接賓 語。 如:I am a student. (I 主語) Please help me. (me 直 接賓語) Give me a book. (me 間接賓語) 物主代詞是表示所有關(guān)系的一種代詞,亦稱所有格代詞。物主代詞有兩種 形式:形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞。 形容詞性物主代詞為限定詞,放在名詞或名詞短語前作定語。 如: This is my book. 名詞性物主代詞起名詞的作用,后面不可以再接名詞。在句子中可以作主 語、賓語或表語。 如

26、 : Your pen is red. Mine is black. 你的鋼筆是紅色的 ,我的是黑色的。 He didn t use his ink. He used mine. 他沒有用他自己的墨水,他用了我的。 習(xí)題一、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1. That is not kite. That kite is very small, but is very big. ( I ) 2. The dress is . Give it to . ( she ) 3. Is this watch? (you) No, it s not . ( I ) 4. is my brother. name

27、is Jack. Look! Those stamps are . ( he ) 二、用 am, is, are 填空 1. I a boy. you a boy? No, I not. 2. The girl Jacks sister. 3. The dog tall and fat. 4. The man with big eyes a teacher. 5. your brother in the classroom? 6. Where your mother? She at home. 7. How your father? 8. Mike and Liu Tao at school.

28、 9. Whose dress this? 10. Whose socks they? 七、形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級 (一)構(gòu)成規(guī)則 1 一般單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)以 -er ,-ow 結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞, 比較級在后面加 -er , 最高級在后面加 -est (1) 單音節(jié)詞 女口: small smaller smallest short shorter shortest ( 2 )雙音節(jié)詞 如: clever cleverer cleverest narrow narrower narrowest 2 .以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞,比較在原級后加-r,最高級在原級后加 -st 如: largela

29、rgerlargest nice nicernicest 3在重讀閉音節(jié)(即:輔音元音輔音)中,先雙寫末尾的輔音字母, 比較級加-er,最高級加-est;女口: big bigger biggest hot hotter hottest fat fatterfattest 4 .以“輔音字母+ y”結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞,把y改為i,比較級加-er,最高 級力口 -est 女口: easy easiereasiest heavy heavier heaviest busy busierbusiest happy happierhappiest 5 .其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞,比較級在前面加more,最高

30、級在前面加 most 如 : beautiful more beautiful most beautiful different more different most different easily more easily most easily 注意:(1)形容詞最高級前通常必須用定冠詞the,副詞最高級前可不 用。 如: The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world. ( 2) 形容詞 most 前面沒有 the ,不表示最高級的含義,只表示 非常 。 It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem. 6有少數(shù)形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級是不規(guī)則的,必須熟記。 女口: good t better 宀 best well 宀 better 宀 best bad 宀 worse 宀 worst ill 宀 worse t worst old t older/elder t oldest/eldest many/much t more t most littletlesstleast far tf

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