高中英語閱讀理解(社會文化)技巧小結(jié)及練習(xí)題及解析

1、（英語）高中英語閱讀理解( 社會文化 ) 技巧小結(jié)及練習(xí)題及解析一、高中英語閱讀理解社會文化類1閱讀理解in india, one of the most significant festivals is diwali, which falls between october and november. its a five-day celebration that includes good food, fireworks, colored sand, and special candles and lamps.in honor of lakshmi, the hindu goddess o

2、f wealth, people make special prayers on the first day to obtain blessings for welfare, succcss, and well-being. people welcome the goddess into their homes by decorating entrances with colorful lanterns and traditional designs. in addition, many people treat themselves to fine jewelry, praying for

3、good fortune. those who cannot afford so much, seek out cheaper items such as clothes or household goods.the second day of the festival is called kali chaudas. for some, the day provides an opportunity to drive away misfortune from homes and businesses. they decorate their homes with clay lamps and

4、create design patterns called rangoli on the floor using colored powder or sand.the third day is when the biggest celebrations occur, which begin early in the morning with a visit to a temple to seek the blessings of the goddess. as the sun sets, festival observers light up their homes with small la

5、mps and enjoy delicious traditional foods with their loved ones.the festivals fourth day is celebrated in many different ways. friends and relatives visit with gifts, sweets and best wishes for the season.and the final day of the festival is called bhai oooj it honors the close bond between brothers

6、 and sisters and is observed with traditional ceremonies and more delicious food.for children in india, diwali is similar to christmas. they get all entire week off from school and are treated to gifts, new clothes, amazing food, and, in the past at least, a large number of fireworks. it is no wonde

7、r that the festival ranks high among the countrys favorite celebrations.（ 1） people celebrate the first day of diwali mainly for_. a.good fortune.b.colorful lanterns c.expensive jewelry d.traditional designs（ 2） whats the probable purpose of creating rangoli on the floor?（ 3） what is a man likely to

8、 do on the last day of the festival?（ 4） which of the following may not be a reason for childrens love of diwali? a.having a week off.b.getting christmas gifts.c.enjoying amazing food.d.setting off fireworks.【答案】 （ 1） a（2） c（3） c（4） b【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了印度最重要的節(jié)日之一排燈節(jié)。（ 1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“ inhonor of l

9、akshmi， the hindu goddess of wealth ，people make special prayers on the first day to obtain blessings for welfare ， succcss， and well-being. 印”度人慶祝排燈節(jié)第一天是為了獲得生活，成功，為人方面的好運。故選a。（ 2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“ forsome， the day provides an opportunity to driveaway misfortune from homes and businesses. they decorat

10、e their homes with clay lamps andcreate design patterns called rangoli on the floor using colored powder or sand.在排燈節(jié)為了”驅(qū)散家里和生意的霉運，印度人會在地上用彩色粉或沙子創(chuàng)造出rangoli 形狀。故選 c。（ 3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“ and the finalday of the festival is called bhai oooj.it honors the close bond betweenbrothers and sistersandis obs

11、erved with traditionalceremonies and more delicious food. ”排燈節(jié)最后一天是紀(jì)念兄弟姐妹親密紐帶的日子。可知這天男子會和自己的兄弟姐妹在一起。故選c。（ 4）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“ for children in india， diwali is similar to christmas.they get all entire week off from school and are treated to gifts， new clothes ，amazing food ，and，in the past at least ，

12、a large number of fireworks. it is no wonder that the festival rankshigh among the countrys favorite celebrations. 印”度孩子們喜歡排燈節(jié)因為 他們可以放假一周，吃美味食物，還有大量煙花，沒有說收到圣誕節(jié)禮物。故選b。【點評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并結(jié)合題目要求，從而選出正確答案。2閱讀理解beginning life at college naturally develops both excitement and anxie

13、ty for many reasons. fors ome, this feeling is quickly overcome as they adapt to a new environment; for others the change takes longer and sometimes appears as homesickness.if you are homesick, you might notice an increase in:low energy or motivation.trouble sleeping.increases/decreases in appetite.

14、having difficulty with school.increased use of drugs or alcohol.lack of interest or involvement in new surroundings.causesthe distance from home the farther you go, the worse it may be.unhappiness when things are different from your expectations of student life.you have finally arrived at college af

15、ter working toward it for so long.a heavy workload.students who are homesick often feel they have no control over their environment.what might help?keep in good contact with the people you have left behind, but also give yourself time within the university to begin to get involved here.be realistic

16、about what to expect from student life and from yourself. set up a balance between work and leisure.if work is proving too difficult, you may need to improve your study skills or your organization of time.remember to get enough food and sleep! these affect you emotionally as well as physically.make

17、contacts and friends through shared activities such as sports or other interests.if you stop being able to do normal social and academic things, seek professional help either from your advisor or dean or the counseling service.（ 1） what might be a sign of feeling homesick? a. feeling like quarreling

18、 with someone else.（2） new college students might be homesick because.a. they are never far away from their parents（ 3） which of the following measures might be helpful for homesick students according to thetext?a. keeping their old friends left behind.b. reminding themselves to keep busy and forget

19、 it.c. forcing themselves to stay in their dorms on weekends.d. going in for sports with their friends.【答案】 （ 1） c（ 2） b（ 3） d【解析】 【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了剛離開家上大學(xué)的學(xué)生面對新環(huán)境可能遇到的問題和給他們提出的建議。（ 1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由原文 “increases/decreasesin appetite. 可”知，如果一個人想家，就有可能增加或減少食欲，所以 c 選項 “感覺食物或水果失去吸引力 ”符合題意，而其他選項 “想跟別人吵架 ”、 “對

20、學(xué)習(xí)比以前更感興趣 ”和 “幾乎參加了大學(xué)所有的活動 ”都不符合題意。所以答案選 c。（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由原文“unhappinesswhen things are different from your expectations ofstudent life. 可”知，當(dāng)事情不符合新入學(xué)的學(xué)生的期望時，他們就會不高興。所以b 選項“他們對不符合預(yù)期的事物感到厭煩”符合題意。所以答案選b。（3）推理判斷題。由原文“keep in good contact with the people you have left behind可知， ”要跟留下的人保持聯(lián)系，所以a 選項 “要一直讓老朋友留下”

21、是不正確的。由原文“setup abalance between work and leisure. 可知”，應(yīng)該在工作和休閑之前建立一個平衡，所以b 選項“提醒他們自己保持忙碌并忘記想家”是不符合題意的。由原文 “make contacts and friendsthrough shared activities such as sports or other interests.可知，可以通過運動”或其他興趣來結(jié)識其他朋友，所以c 選項 “強迫自己周末待在宿舍”是不符合題意的，而d 選項 “跟朋友一起運動 ”是正確的。所以答案選d?！军c評】推斷題型答題技巧。推理是在既有信息的基礎(chǔ)上得出合乎

22、文章內(nèi)容的內(nèi)涵意義，即某一問題、某一觀點沒有直接表述，而寓意在文章的字里行間，要求通過文中信息分析推出某種符合作者思想、符合文章邏輯的內(nèi)涵意義。推斷則是指通過對文章進(jìn)行符合邏輯的綜合分析，推出文章未直接陳述的言外之意。推斷題推斷得正確與否，很大程度上取決于是否能正確把握作者潛隱在字里行間的語氣及觀點。3閱讀理解beijing/saopaulo-chinese traditions like cockfighting like-flying and fireworks have been quite common in brazil for many years.despite the thou

23、sands of kilometers between them, chinas historical and artistic mark on brazil has existed for about 300 years, said brazilian sinologist (漢學(xué)家 ) jose roberto teixeira leite in his book china in brazil. influences from china can date from the colonial period, evenup to the time after after brazils i

24、ndependence. the commercial relationship between the two countries has existed for a long time, he noted, adding that incoming ships would fill up brazilian cities like salvador, rio de janeiro and recife with chinese products like porcelain ( 瓷器 ), silk and fans he also found chinese influence not

25、only in the arts and architecture of brazil but also in the most diverse areas of brazilian society, like the economy, medicine and popular culture. at the end of the 19th century, in pernambuco, (a state in northeastern brazil), there was a custom that children slept with clothes decorated with chi

26、nese dragons. teixeira added.the book took him about 15 years to finish. the impact of the book surprised me, though itwas published by a university publisher and it had a print run of just 1,000 copies, he said. some have said that the book represents a turning point in chinese studies in brazil.be

27、sides, the sinologist did research on the mark and presence of china in the architecture and arts of brazil. it was through art that china awoke in me, first, curiosity, after that, interest, and finally, passion, teixeira said.in 1992, the sinologist visited macao to do research for his doctoral th

28、esis about the marks and presence of china in brazil, and that trip impressed him a lot. in 2013, teixeira had a chance to visit the chinese cities of beijing, shenzhen and shanghai, and got to know the past and present of the great country culturally, as well as its incredible material development.

29、（1） what does the underlined sentence imply?a.brazilian childrens love for dragons as chinese children.b.the development of china-brazil frequent trade cooperation.c.a further understanding of the cultures of the two countries.d.chinas influence on most diverse areas of brazilian society.（ 2） what m

30、arks a new stage of chinese studies for brazilian?（ 3） what fired the sinologists passion for chinese studies?（ 4） what is the best title for this passage?a.the impression of china on sinologist.b.china and brazil in eyes of sinologistc.an introduction to sinologists new bookd.the future of china-br

31、azil trade relations【答案】 （ 1） d（2） c（3） a（4） b【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了巴西漢學(xué)家jose roberto teixeira leite 眼中的中國和巴西。（ 1）考查句義猜測。根據(jù)第二段中的“ influences fromchina can date from the colonialperiod, ev en up to the time after after brazils independence.可知中國的影響可”以追溯到殖民地時代，甚至到巴西獨立之后。從畫線句所在的句子“atthe end of the 19th c

32、entury, inpernambuco,（ a state in northeasternbrazil） , therewas a custom that children slept withclothes decorated with chinese dragons可知 19 世紀(jì)末，在巴西東北部的一個州，伯南布哥，有一個習(xí)俗，孩子們睡在裝飾有中國龍的衣服上。因此，劃線句子顯示的是中國對巴西社會各個領(lǐng)域的影響。故選d。（ 2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的 theimpact of the book surprised me, though it waspublished by a uni

33、versity publisher and it had a print run of just 1,000 copies,have said th at the book represents a turning point in chinese studies in brazil.可知這本書的影響令我吃驚，盡管它是由一家大學(xué)出版社出版的，印刷量只有1000 冊。有人說這本書代表he said.了巴西中國研究的一個轉(zhuǎn)折點。因此，這本書標(biāo)志著巴西人的漢語研究進(jìn)入了一個新的階段。故選c。（ 3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的 it was through art that china awok

34、e in me, first, curiosity, after that, interest, and finally, passion, teixeirasaid. 可”知正是通過藝術(shù)，中國在我心中覺醒，首先是好奇心，然后是興趣，最后是激情，特謝拉說。因此，是藝術(shù)激發(fā)了這位漢學(xué)家對中國研究的熱情。故選a。（ 4）考查主旨大意。縱觀全文可知，巴西漢學(xué)家jose roberto teixeira leite 從藝術(shù)，商業(yè)，經(jīng)濟(jì)，醫(yī)學(xué)，文化，建筑等方面介紹了中國對巴西的影響。所以短文的最佳標(biāo)題為“漢學(xué)家眼中的中國和巴西”。故選 b?！军c評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，句義猜測和主旨大意三個題型的考查，

35、是一篇文化類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。4閱讀理解now in 2019, jazz music is an important part of indianapolis art culture. jazz clubs around the city still host concerts with local jazz musicians like rob dixon and joel tucker. one of these clubs,the chatterbox jazz club, still has

36、 live jazz seven nights a week.but the real history of jazz in indy is much less simple. along with the avenues culture, jazzmusic was gone from the streets for many years.indiana avenue was the heartof a neighborhood along the white river. it was a center forblack music and live street music. the w

37、ealthy avoided this area. so it became a place that poorerfamilies, including many african-american and immigrant (移民 ) families, moved to.jazz prospered in the mix of american cultures around the avenue in the 1930s and 1940s. but in the 1950s, things changed. after the war, there were projects to

38、make the city beautiful and build a university nearby. both of these seemed like good changes. however, the new university and buildings caused poorer families to have to leave the area. this destroyed the indiana avenue community - and with it, its jazz culture.after many years, indianapolis rememb

39、ered the value of its arts and music culture. it began to bring back lost cultures such as live music on the avenue. to do so, it began to make new changes. the changes included repairing historic areas like the avenue. once again, the high living costs in these historic arts areas pushed low-income

40、 families out.today there are several old-style jazz clubs where friends can meet up to remember the past or just enjoy a summer evening. it might seem at first that jazz is alive again, but there is a sad reality behind these jazz clubs: modern indy jazz is only a shadow ( 影子 ) of the lively cultur

41、e that was once on indiana avenue.（ 1） what does the author mainly want to say in paragraph 1?（ 2） what does the underlined word prospered in paragraph 4 mean?a.disappeared quickly.b.arrived soon.c.recovered soon.d.developed well.（ 3） what did indianapolis do to bring back its lost culture?a.it rebu

42、ilt some old important areas.b.it invited old jazz musicians to sing in the city.c.it educated people about the value of music culture.d.it settled low-income families in the indiana avenue community,（ 4） according to the passage, which of the following about modern indy jazz is true?a.its home cult

43、ure is gone.b.its styles are too traditional.c.it shows the sadness of the poor.d.it is no longer a favorite of the young.【答案】 （ 1） c（ 2） d（ 3） a（ 4） a【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇 明文，2019 年爵士 仍然是印第安 波利斯 文化的重要 成部分，但是它的本土文化消失了。（ 1）考 段落大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“ nowin 2019, jazz music is an importantpartofindianapolis art culture.

44、 ”在到了2019 年，爵士 是印第安 波利斯 文化的重要 成部分?？芍?，第一段主要是介 了爵士 在印第安 波利斯很受 迎。故 c。（ 2）考 猜 。根據(jù)第四段中中的“ butin the 1950s, things changed however,. thenew university and buildings caused poorer families to have to leave the area. this destroyed theindiana avenue community - and with it, its jazz culture. 但在 20 世 ” 50 年代

45、，情況 生了 化。 然而，新的 大學(xué)和建筑使得 困家庭不得不離開 個地區(qū)。 摧 了印第安 大道社區(qū)，也隨之摧 了它的爵士 文化?？芍?， 折 but 之后描述了爵士 的衰落，因此推 出劃 prospered 意 “ 盛、蓬勃 展”。故 d。（ 3）考 理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“ itbegan to bring back lost cultures such as livemusic on the avenue. to do so, it began to make new changes. the changes included repairing historic areas like t

46、he avenue. ”它開始 回失落的文化，比如大街上的 音 。 此，它開始做出新的改 。 些改 包括修復(fù)像the avenue 的 史街區(qū)?？芍?，它重建了一些舊的重要區(qū)域。故 a。（ 4）考 理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“ itmightseem at first that jazz is alive again, butthere is a sad reality behind these jazz clubs: modern indy jazz is only a shadow (影子 ) of thelively culture that was once on indiana avenu

47、e.乍一看，爵士 ”似乎又活了起來，但在 些爵士 俱 部背后卻有一個可悲的 : 代印地安那爵士 只是曾 活 在印第安 大道上的文化的一個影子?？芍羰?的本土文化消失了。故 a?！军c 】本 考點涉及 理解， 猜 和段落大意三個 型的考 ，是一篇文化 ，要求考生在捕捉 信息的基 上， 一步根據(jù)上下文的 關(guān)系， 行分析，推理，概括和 ，從而 出正確答案。5 下列短文，從每 所 的四個 （a、 b、 c 和 d）中， 出最佳 。a name is more than just a word. it carries the weight of a persons whole identity. a

48、name can represent a persons ethnicity ( 種族身份 ) and culture, or show respect for their ancestral roots. a self-given name may represent a persons beliefs or chosen identity.everyone has the right to have their name pronounced correctly. it is a sign of respect for a persons individuality. a persons

49、name is to him or her the sweetest and most important soundin any language, dale carnegie writes in his book how to win friends and influence people. behind each name is a story, and when a name is anglicized ( 英語化 ), mispronounced, or ignored, that story is dismissed.a name mispronounced for a long

50、 time can negatively impact a persons attitude toward their own identity. it can create feelings of shame or embarrassment because they are made to feel like a burden. in the long term, this might cause someone to distance themselves from their roots. they may begin shying away from their native lan

51、guage, culture, and family for the sake of fitting in.in order to avoid this, many internationalstudents living in the u.s. choose english names.people shouldnt have to ignore their identities for the sake of someone elses convenience.everyone makes mistakes, and not everyone can get a name right on

52、 the first try. mispronouncing a name repeatedly, however, shows a lack of effort. it is not okay to be comfortable with mispronouncing names, and being unfamiliar with a language is no excuse.if youre unsure whether youre pronouncing a name correctly, just ask. think of it as a way to expand and st

53、rengthen understanding, both personally and culturally. when meeting someone for the first time, make sure that you heard the name correctly. it doesnt take a lot to simply repeat the name back. spell it out. write it down. do whatever you have to do to get the name right. making the effort to corre

54、ctly pronounce someones name is an essential part of cultural competency ( 文化素養(yǎng) ). without this, we cannot expect to show respect and tolerance for our diverse community.（ 1） what may a persons name tell us?a. his cultural background.b. his physical appearance.c. his favorite sound.d. his attitude t

55、o life.（ 2） whats the long-term influence of mispronouncing ones name?a. the feeling of shame may be caused.b. the person may feel over-burdened.c. the character of the person may change.d. the person may try to hide his roots.（ 3） what does the writer think of mispronouncing a name repeatedly?a. it is unavoidable.b. it i