高考英語考前三個月文檔：專題三-閱讀理解-第三步-題型突破(六)

1、高中英語試卷、習題、教案精品資料題型突破(六)推理判斷之觀點態(tài)度和寫作意圖題A(2017揚州、泰州、南通、淮安、宿遷、徐州六市二調(diào))There are endless motivations for human behaviour，from the basic drives for food to more complicated ones，such as sympathy，envy and anger.But none of these explain behaviours that we call compulsions(強迫癥)They come from a need that is

2、desperate and tortured(折磨)They may bring relief，but they bring little enjoyment，and while one part of our brain desperately wishes to stop them，another is afraid of stopping.I used to view compulsions as foreign and almost frightening.But in the course of my research，two things happened.First，when I

3、 got to know people who were compulsive，their behaviour didnt seem unreasonable at all.Second，I realized that although people with the most extreme compulsions seem like outliers(另類人)，the anxiety that drives them to those extremes is universal.Over any year，many of us find ourselves in the control o

4、f a compulsion that falls short of something that is disabling enough to qualify as a mental disorderin fact，some compulsions are adaptive，helping us lead our lives or perform our jobs more effectively.Like many people，maybe you feel forced to reach for your smart phone as soon as you wake up in the

5、 morning.Fortunately a growing number of experts have begun to succeed in distinguishing addictions from compulsions.An addiction begins with a flash of pleasure accompanied with danger; its fun to gamble or to drink，and it also puts you at risk.Addictions involve acting without planning or even tho

6、ught，driven by an urge for immediate satisfaction.Compulsions，in contrast，are all about avoiding unpleasant outcomes.They are behaviours we repeat many times to relieve the anxiety brought on by the possibility of negative consequences.But the actual behaviour is often unpleasantor at least not part

7、icularly rewarding，especially after many rounds of it.Behind every compulsion is the need to avoid what causes you pain or anxiety.Compulsive behaviour is not necessarily a mental disorder.Some forms of it can be，and people in its control deserve to be diagnosed and helped.But many are expressions o

8、f psychological needs we all feel：to be at peace and in control，to feel connected and to matter.And if those are mental illnesses，were all crazy.語篇解讀本文講述了作者通過研究，對強迫癥產(chǎn)生了新的理解并把它與上癮癥進行了對比。1From the first two paragraphs，we know that .Acompulsions can bring relief as well as enjoymentBcompulsive people w

9、ill prefer unreasonable behaviour Ccompulsions may be an understandable response to anxietyDcompulsive people must be frightening and behave differently答案C解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Second，I realized that although people with the most extreme compulsions seem like outliers(另類人)，the anxiety that drives them t

10、o those extremes is universal.”可知，強迫癥可能是焦慮的一種可以理解的反應。故選項C正確。2The main difference between addictions and compulsions lies in .Ahuman relationships Bfinancial rewards Cinternal drives Dsocial expectations答案C解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段的前四句可知，上癮癥和強迫癥的主要區(qū)別在于內(nèi)驅(qū)力。故選項C符合題意。3Whats the authors attitude towards compulsion?A

11、Objective. BNegative.CDoubtful. DCautious.答案A解析觀點態(tài)度題。綜合全文尤其是最后一段的第一、二句及最后一句可知，作者對于強迫癥的態(tài)度是客觀的。故選項A符合題意。B(2017蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市一模) On a field roughly the size of an American football field，a player wearing a helmet avoids a defender.He then swings a stick with a net on its end toward the goal.This sweeping motio

12、n sends a rubber ball flying from the net past a goalkeeper for a score. The playerpumping his fists in celebrationhas just scored a goal in lacrosse，a sport that has elements of hockey，soccer and American football.But lacrosse differs from those sports in its unique mixture of stickhandling skills

13、and physical contact.Often referred to as “the fastest game on two feet”，lacrosse is such an exciting sport that new fans and players quickly find themselves hooked.In mens lacrosse，two teams of 10 players compete over four periods lasting 15 minutes each.Except the goalkeeper，each team fields three

14、 attackmen，three midfielders and three defensemen.As in soccer，players cannot touch the ball with their hands.So players use their stick，called a crosse，to keep the ball in play.While running across the field，they cradle the ball in the net，competing to shoot a lacrosse ball into the opposing teams

15、gate.The modern game of lacrosse originated from the longstick game played by the Iroquois(易洛魁人)Mohawks，part of the Iroquois nation，taught the game to French Canadians in Montreal in 1750.This led to a series of contests between the Iroquois and the Canadians with the Iroquois winning 17 years in a

16、row.Although they lost the games，the Canadian players never falter(猶豫) in their love of the game. In America，lacrosse is the fastestgrowing sport at both the high school and college levels.Some coaches have said this popularity may be due to two factorsthe games relative safety compared with other s

17、ports and its fastpaced action.Prep school coach Bob Shriver says，“Its just fun.It has more scoring than soccer，more people than basketball.It just gets in your soul.” Apparently，the passion for lacrosse isnt limited to America.The number of member countries in the Federation of International lacros

18、se has grown to 56.Members include such diverse countries as Uganda，Jamaica and Malaysia，which proves that once someone grabs a crosse，they will get hooked!語篇解讀本文是說明文，主要介紹了長曲棍球這種運動的相關情況。4Where can the sentence “Today，lacrosse is known as Canadas official summer sport！”most probably be put?A B C D答案C

19、解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“taught the game to French Canadians.Canadian players never falter(猶豫) in their love of the game”可知，此處指出了長曲棍球是如何在加拿大人中流行起來的以及加拿大人對這種運動的喜愛，而題干中的這句話亦與加拿大和長曲棍球有關，所以它放在處最合適，既闡述了這種運動對現(xiàn)在的加拿大的影響，又對本段的內(nèi)容進行了總結。5What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?AThe basic rules of lacrosse.BLasting time of lacr

20、osse.CThe characteristics of lacrosse.DDifferent players of lacrosse.答案A解析段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容尤其是“two teams of 10 players”“over four periods lasting 15 minutes each”“players cannot touch the ball with their hands”“cradle the ball in the net.opposing teams gate”可知，本段是圍繞著長曲棍球比賽的規(guī)則展開的。6What is the purpose of

21、 the passage?ATo show us the popularity of the exciting lacrosse.BTo introduce to us a popular sport of lacrosse.CTo inform us of the origin and history of lacrosse.DTo reveal the significance of the sport of lacrosse.答案B解析寫作意圖題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了長曲棍球這種運動的相關情況，內(nèi)容涉及其比賽規(guī)則、歷史起源和發(fā)展等，故B項最能概括作者寫作本文的目的。C(2017蘇

22、北四市一模)For years，scientists and others concerned about climate change have been talking about the need for carbon capture and storage(CCS)That is the term for removing carbon dioxide from，say，a coalburning power plants smokestack and pumping it deep underground to keep it out of the atmosphere，where

23、it would otherwise contribute to global warming.However，currently，only one power plant in Canada captures and stores carbon on a commercial scale (and it has been having problems)Among the concerns about storage is that carbon dioxide in gaseous or liquid form that is pumped underground might escape

24、 back to the atmosphere.So storage sites would have to be monitored，potentially for decades or centuries.But scientists at LamontDoherty Earth Observatory at Columbia University and other institutions have come up with a different way to store CO2 that might eliminate that problem.Their approach inv

25、olves dissolving the gas in water and pumping the resulting mixturesoda water，essentiallydown into a certain kind of rock，where the CO2 reacts with the rock to form a mineral called calcite(方解石)By turning the gas into stone，scientists can lock it away permanently.Volcanic rock called basalt(玄武巖) is

26、excellent for this process，because it is rich in calcium，magnesium and iron，which react with CO2.The project called CarbFix started in Iceland，in 2012，when the scientists pumped about 250 tons of carbon dioxide，mixed with water，about 1,500 feet down into porous basalt.Early signs were encouraging：Th

27、e scientists found that about 95 percent of the carbon dioxide was changed into calcite.And even more importantly，they wrote，the change happened relatively quicklyin less than two years.“Its beyond all our expectations，” said Edda Aradottir，who manages the project.Rapid change of the CO2 means that

28、a project would probably have to be monitored for a far shorter time than a more conventional storage site.There are still concerns about whether the technology will prove useful in the fight against global warming.For one thing，it will have to be scaled up enormously.For another，a lot of water is n

29、eeded25 tons of it for every ton of CO2along with the right kind of rock.But the researchers say that there is enough porous basalt in Iceland，including the basalt in the ocean floors and along the margins of continents.And a storage project sitting in or near the ocean could potentially solve the w

30、ater problem at the same time，as the researchers say seawater would work just fine.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。作者介紹了存放二氧化碳的新方法：將其溶于水，之后注入一種叫玄武巖的巖石內(nèi)部，與其發(fā)生化學反應，最后二氧化碳變成固態(tài)的礦物質(zhì)(方解石)，這樣可以避免它再度進入到大氣中。7What can we learn about CCS in Paragraphs 2 and 3?AScientists believe global warming will be avoided if CO2 is pumped un

31、derground.BIts been common practice in many plants to capture and store CO2 underground.CThere is no guarantee that CO2 will not escape even if pumped underground.DIt requires decades to turn CO2 into liquid form and be locked underground.答案C解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“Among the concerns about storage is that

32、carbon dioxide in gaseous or liquid form that is pumped underground might escape back to the atmosphere.”可知，氣態(tài)和液態(tài)的二氧化碳即使被注入地下也可能會再度進入大氣中。故選C項。8What materials should be involved in the project CarbFix?AWater，CO2，soda water and basalt.BWater，soda water，a pump and calcite.CCO2，basalt，a pump and calcite

33、.DWater，CO2，a pump and basalt.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第二句中的“Their approach involves dissolving the gas in water and pumping the resulting mixture.”和第四句中的“Volcanic rock called basalt(玄武巖) is excellent for this process.”可知，二氧化碳、水和玄武巖(basalt)以及泵是必須準備的，而soda water和calcite是化學生成物，無需準備。故選D項。9According to Edda Arad

34、ottir，the result of the project was beyond the researchersexpectations，because .Aits disappointing to discover new problems caused by rapid changeBits amazing to see 95% of the carbon dioxide turn into calcite that fastCits puzzling to find the encouraging but unexpected result of the projectDits ex

35、citing to sense the problem of storing CO2 likely to be solved答案B解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段最后兩句可知，超出項目研究人員預料的是95%的二氧化碳在相對較短的時間內(nèi)成功地轉變成了calcite這種礦物質(zhì)。故選B項。10What is the authors purpose in writing the passage?ATo inform us of a breakthrough in storing CO2.BTo praise the efforts of scientists in storing CO2.CTo show

36、the different ways to fight against CO2.DTo urge people to produce the least possible CO2.答案A解析寫作意圖題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，本文旨在介紹冰島進行的一項封存二氧化碳的項目。根據(jù)第四、五、六段可以進一步得知，將二氧化碳以礦物質(zhì)的形態(tài)封存在巖石中的項目是一項重大突破。故選A項。D(2017南京學情調(diào)研)I am a disciplined person，especially when it comes to food.I watch what I eat. I regularly consume admi

37、rable quantities of fruits and vegetables. I strictly monitor my intake of sweets.I do not keep cookies, candies or cakes in the house.I rarely allow myself to order dessert in a restaurant.If I must have chocolate，I will make sure I have to walk to the store to get my candy.But my discipline disapp

38、ears when it comes to the Personal Box of Chocolates.When such a gift comes into my life，I abandon all pretense(借口) of sensible eating and sink into that rare environment that many adults silently long forthe NoShare Zone.This is what happened when a dear friend handed me a wrapped birthday present.

39、“Dont leave this sitting out in the heat，”she said and I knew it contained chocolate. That night，I tore into the wrappings，then removed the plastic that protected a small Whitmans Sampler.That small box of chocolate transported me to that mystical zone，where politeness gave in to the primal(原始欲望) an

40、d I embraced a supremely selfish indulgence(放縱) of the highest order.I was home alone.I was going to eat what I wanted，how I wanted，and I was not going to consider any other human being in the process.I bit into two chocolates，the caramel and the coconut. I loved the insolence(傲慢無禮的行為) of only parti

41、ally eating each one.Then I reviewed the remaining chocolates，thinking about the order I might sample them in. I had no thoughts of calories or controlI had only the pure joy of possession.When I was growing up，the Whitman box came into our household once a year，a symbol of romance from my father to

42、 my mother.My mother，normally a very sharing person，kept tight control over the Sampler.Her face looked almost pained as she offered my brother and me one chocolate each.I remember studying the map of those chocolates more carefully than I ever studied any atlas(地圖冊)Nuts，chew，creams，caramelsmaking t

43、he right choice was important.After that candy，the box would disappear，hidden somewhere in my mothers bedroom.At that time I thought my mother was selfish and unfair.But now，I understood and applauded her.Like so many moms，I realized how much she had to share，all day，every day.I imagined how luxurio

44、us(奢侈的) she must have felt，surveying her box of chocolates，sampling，tasting and savoring，without worrying that anyone would disturb.Like my mother before me，my candy box allowed me to simply care for myself.This bliss of the NoShare Zone，that lovely luxury of not worrying about even one other person

45、，renewed and delighted me.My small Sampler was an invitation to be beautifully indulgent.I took a bite of a nut bar and let the flavors flow through my mouth.For this moment，I was feeding only myself and that made the chocolate even sweeter.語篇解讀作者是一個自律的人，非常注意自己的飲食健康，但是有一款巧克力卻讓作者欲罷不能，徹底放縱自己。 11What d

46、ose the writer mean by saying “I will make sure I have to walk to the store to get my candy”？AShe watches her intake of sweets.BShe desires to have chocolate.CShe prefers getting there on foot.DShe wants to burn off the extra calories.答案D解析句意猜測題。根據(jù)第一段可知，作者是一個自律的人，幾乎不允許自己吃甜食，所發(fā)她必須步行去商店買巧克力是為了消耗額外的卡路里

47、。故選D。12What can we know from Paragraph 6?AThe writers mother would eat all the chocolates in the box.BThe writers mother would share the whole Whitman box with the kids.CThe writer was careful to choose the most delicious chocolate from the box.DThe writer was careful to hide the chocolate box in he

48、r mothers bedroom.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段中的“I remember studying the map of those chocolates more carefully than I ever studied any atlas(地圖冊)Nuts，chew，creams，caramelsmaking the right choice was important.”可知，作者會從盒子里仔細挑選出最美味的巧克力。故選C。13What is the writers attitude towards her mother now?ATeasing. BAppreciati

49、ng.CDefensive. DCritical.答案B解析觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的“At that time I thought my mother was selfish and unfair.But now，I understood and applauded her.Like so many moms，I realized how much she had to share，all day，every day.”可知，作者現(xiàn)在對母親充滿著感激之情。故選B。 小學語文學習必須了解的59個通假字，你的孩子都知道嗎？1、說（yu）：通“悅”，愉快。學而時習之，不亦說乎？（論語十則）2、

50、女：通“汝”，你。知：通“智”，聰明。誨女知之乎？是知也。（論語十則）3、還：通“旋”，回轉，掉轉。扁鵲望桓侯而還走。（扁鵲見蔡桓公）4、齊：通“劑”。在腸胃，火齊之所及也。（扁鵲見蔡桓公）5、止：通“只”。擔中肉盡，止有剩骨。（狼）6、亡：通“無”河曲智叟亡以應。（愚公移山）亡：通“無”。日之其所亡。（樂羊子妻）7、屏：通“摒”。屏棄而不用，其與昏與庸無以異也。（為學）8、帖：通“貼”?；穑和ā盎铩薄︾R帖花黃。火伴皆驚忙。（木蘭詩）9、爾：通“耳”，相當于“罷了”。無他，但手熟爾。（買油翁）10、爭：通“怎”。爭渡，爭渡，驚起一灘鷗鷺。（如夢令李清照）11、見，通“現(xiàn)”。路轉溪頭忽見。（西

51、江月辛棄疾）見：通“現(xiàn)”。才美不外見（馬說）見：通“現(xiàn)”。何時眼前突兀見此屋。（茅屋為秋風所破歌）12、（口技）坐：通“座”。滿坐寂然，無敢嘩者。13、扳：通“攀”，牽，引。日扳仲永環(huán)謁于邑人。（傷仲永）14、反：通“返”。寒暑易節(jié)，始一反焉。（愚公移山）15、惠：通“慧”，聰明。甚矣，汝之不惠。（愚公移山）16、厝：通“措”，放置。一厝逆東，一厝雍南。（愚公移山）17、那：通“哪”，怎么。問渠那得清如許。（觀書有感）18、闕：通“缺”。兩岸連山，略無闕處。（三峽）19、強：通“僵”，僵硬。昂首觀之，項為之強。（閑情記趣）20、道：通“導”，引導。儐者更道，從大門入。（晏子故事兩篇）21、曷：

52、通“何”?？`者曷為者也？（晏子故事兩篇）22、熙：通“嬉”，開玩笑。圣人非所與熙也。（晏子故事兩篇）23、輯：通“緝”，連綴。飾以玫瑰，輯以翡翠。（買櫝還珠）24、遽：通“詎”，豈。此何遽不為福乎？（塞翁失馬）25、距：通“拒”，擋。子墨子九距之。（公輸）26、詘：通“屈”，折服。公輸盤詘，而曰（公輸）27、有：通“又”。舟首尾長約八分有奇。（核舟記）28、衡：通“橫”。左手倚一衡木。（核舟記）衡：通“橫”，梗塞，這里指不順。困于心，衡于慮。（生于憂患，死于安樂）29、甫：通“父”。虞山王毅叔遠甫刻。（核舟記）30、簡：通“揀”，挑選。蓋簡桃核修狹者為之。（核舟記）31、錯：通“措”。以君為長

53、者，故不錯意也。（唐雎不辱使命）32、倉：通“蒼”。要離之刺慶忌也，倉鷹擊于殿上。（唐雎不辱使命）33、裁：通“才”，僅僅。數(shù)至八層，裁如星點。（山市）34、適：通“謫”。發(fā)閭左適戍漁陽九百人。（陳涉世家）35、唱：通“倡”，倡導。為天下唱，宜多應者。（陳涉世家）36、以：通“已”。得魚腹中書，固以怪之矣。（陳涉世家）37、被：通“披”。將軍身被堅執(zhí)銳。（陳涉世家）被：通“披”。同舍生皆被綺繡。（送東陽馬生序）38、食：通“飼”，喂。食馬者不知其能千里而食也。（馬說）39、材：通“才”。食之不能盡其材。（馬說）40、邪：通“耶”，表示疑問，相當于“嗎”。其真無馬邪？（馬說）41、僇：通“戮”，

54、遭到貶謫。自余為僇人，（始得西山宴游記）42、暴：通“曝”。而游者皆暴日中。（峽江寺飛泉亭記）43、畔：通“叛”。寡助之至，親戚畔之。（得道多助，失道寡助）44、曾：通“增”。曾益其所不能。（生于憂患，死于安樂）45、拂：通“弼”，輔佐。入則無法家拂士。（生于憂患，死于安樂）46、具：通“俱”，全，皆。政通人和，百廢具興。（岳陽樓記）47、屬：通“囑”。屬予作文以記之。（岳陽樓記）48、貲：通“資”，資財，錢財。饌酒食，持其貲去。（越巫）49、不：通“否”。客問元方：“尊君在不？”（陳太丘與友期）50、直：通“值”。玉盤珍饈直萬錢。（行路難其一）51、辟：通“避”，躲避。故患有所不辟也。（魚我所欲也）52、辯：通“辨”，辨別。萬鐘則不辯禮義而受之。（魚我所欲也）53、得：通“德”，恩惠，這里是感激。與：通“歟”，語氣詞。所識窮乏者得我與？（魚我所欲也）54、鄉(xiāng)：通“向”，從前。鄉(xiāng)為身死而不受。（魚我所欲也）55、信：通“伸”。欲信大義于天下。（隆中對）56、已：通“以”。自董卓已來（隆中對）57、徧：通“遍”，遍及，普及。小惠未徧，民弗從也。（曹劌