現(xiàn)在完成時講解及練習(xí)

1、二 句型 ：否定句：主語+have/has+not+ 過去分詞+其他 .一般疑問句：Have/Has+ 主語 +過去分詞+其他 .簡略答語 : Yes,主語 + have/has.（ 肯定 ）No, 主語 + havent/hasnt.（否定）三用法基本結(jié)構(gòu) ： 助動詞 have/has+ 過去分詞 （done）（1）現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影 響或結(jié)果I have spent all of my money （so far）.（含義是 : 現(xiàn)在我沒有錢花了 .）Guo zijun has （just/already） come. （含義：郭子君現(xiàn)在在這兒 ）My f

2、ather has gone to work.（ 含義是 : 我爸爸現(xiàn)在不在這兒 ）（ 2）現(xiàn)在完成時可以用來表示發(fā)生在過去某一時刻的, 持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的區(qū)別. / since for+ 時段 since+ 過去一個時間點（譯為：自從以來） since+ 時段 +ago since+ 從句（過去時） It is+ 時段 +since+ 從句（過去時）Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived here since 1998.四 has gone （to）,has been （to）, has been （in）Have/Has gone（to） :

3、去了 （ 現(xiàn)在不在說話現(xiàn)場 ） Where is your father？ He has gone to Shanghai.Have/Has been （to） : 去過（已不在去過的地方） My father has been to Shanghai.Have/has been in ：呆了多久（還在所呆的地方）My father has been in Shanghai for two months two months ago.的動作（用行為動詞表示）或狀態(tài)（ be 動詞表示）常與 for （ +時間 段） ,since （ +時間點或過去時的句子）連用 .五現(xiàn)在完成時的標(biāo)志She ha

4、s passed the examso far.到目前為止她已經(jīng)通過了考1. 現(xiàn)在完成時的含義之一是過去完成的動作對現(xiàn)在仍有影響 , 用以 下四大標(biāo)志詞可以表達(dá)這種含義 :* 以 already, just 和 yet 為標(biāo)志He has already got her help. 他已得到她的幫助。He has just seen the film.他剛剛看過這場電影。He hasnt come back yet. 他還沒有回來。* 以 ever 和 never 為標(biāo)志This is the best film I have ever seen.這是我曾經(jīng)看過的最好的一部電影。He has

5、never been to Beijing. 他從沒有到過北京。試。2. 過去已經(jīng)開始的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在 , 甚至有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下 去,我們可以從動作“延續(xù)”的特性和“時間”點段的區(qū)分入手, 進一步學(xué)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時。*for+ 時段 since+ 過去一個時間點(過去 從句)為標(biāo)志注意： 1) 現(xiàn)在完成時不能單獨與過去的時間狀語連用 , 如 yesterd ay,last week, three years ago等 ; 2) 不能與 when連用 2. 現(xiàn)在完成時往往同表示不確定的過去時間狀語連用* 以動作發(fā)生的次數(shù)為標(biāo)志He says he has been to the USA thre

6、e times.他說他已經(jīng)去過美國三次了。* 以 so far (到目前為止)為標(biāo) +beforeHe has got to Beijing so far.到目前為止他已到了北京。六過去分詞1 、規(guī)則動詞 ：規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則與規(guī)則動詞的過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則相同。四點變化規(guī)則：(1) 、一般動詞，在詞尾直接加“ ed ”。put put putset set set shut shut shut spread spread spreadread read read read 原形發(fā)音為 /ri:d/, 為 /red/AAB型beat beat beatenABA型become becam

7、e become run ran run come came come 特殊情況 ABB型過去式和過去分詞發(fā)音work-worked-worked ,visit-visited-visited(2) 、以“ e ”結(jié)尾的動詞，只在詞尾加“ d ”。live-lived-lived ,(3) 、以“輔音字母 + y ”結(jié)尾的動詞，將 y 變?yōu)?i 再加“ ed ”。study-studied-studied ,cry-cried-cried(4) 、重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個輔音字母，先雙寫該輔音 字母，再加“ ed ”。stop-stopped-stopped , drop-dropped-

8、dropped2 、 不規(guī)則動詞 ：AAA型原型 過去式 過去分詞burst burst burst hurt hurt hurt let let letcast cast castcost cost costcut cut cuthit hit hitbring brought broughtbuy bought bought build built built bur n bur nt bur nt catch caught caught dig dug dug feel felt felt fight fought fought find found found hear heard h

9、eard hold held held keep kept kept lay laid laid lead led led lose lost lost make made made meet met met sell sold soldshoot shot shotsit sat satstand stood stood sweep swept swept teach taught taught tell told told think thought thought win won wonABC型begin began begun blow blew blown break broke b

10、roken choose chose chosen draw drew drawn drive drove driven drink dra nk drunk fly flew flownforgive forgave forgiven forget forgot forgotten freeze froze froze n give gave given grow grew grown know knew known ride rode ridden rise rose risen ring rang rung shake shook shaken sing sang sung sink s

11、ank sunk swim swam swum throw threw thrown write wrote written七.瞬間動詞（buy,die,join,come , go ,leave,join能直接與for since 連用。要改變動詞buy-一-have borrowkeepcome/arrive/reach/get tobe ingo out-一be out leave -一-be awaybeginbe on finish-be overopenbe open close be closeddiebe dead代替buyMy brother has had（ 不能用 has

12、 bought） this bike for al most four years. 2、用 keep 或 have 代替 borrowI have kept（ 不能用 have borrowed） the book for quite a few days. 3、用 be 替代 becomeHow long has your sister been a teacher? 4、用 have a cold 代替 catch a coldTom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. 5、用 wear 代替 put onb) 用“ be形容詞”

13、代 終止性動詞 常用瞬間動詞變 延續(xù)性動詞 表：1、bemarried 代 marry 2 、 be ill 代 fall (get) ill1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gon3、 bedead 代 die 4 、 be asleep代 fall (get) asleepe/moved to sw.be gone 代 lose,die,sel5、be awake 代 wake/wake up 6have been in sw./at 相應(yīng)的介詞,leave7、 beopen 代 open 8 、be closed 代 cl

14、ose/shut9、 bemissing(gone,lost)代 losec) 用“be副詞”代終止性動詞1“beon”代 start,begin2“beup”代 get up3“beback(to) ”代 return to,come back to,go back to4“be here (there) ”代 come(arrive,reach,get) here (arrive,reach,get) there等等d) 用“ be介詞短語”代終止性動詞1. “be in/at + 地點”代替 go to /come to2. 用 be in the army代替 join the arm

15、y3. “be in/at + 地點”代替 move to2. have come/gone back/returned have been back3. have come/gone out have been out4. have become have been5. have closed / opened have been close/open6. have got up have been up ；7. have died have been dead ；8. have left sw. have been away from sw.或 go9. have fallen aslee

16、p/got to sleep have been asleep；10. have finished/ended/completed have been over ；11. havemarried have been married ；12. have started/begun to do sth. have done sth.13. have begun hav e been on14. have borrowed/bought -have kept/had15. have lost haven t had16. have put on -have worn17. have caught /

17、get a cold have had a cold ;18. have got to know have known19. have/has gone to have been in20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Par ty/the armyThave been a member of/ have been in/have been the P arty s member/the league member/the soldier 現(xiàn)在完成時練習(xí)（一）A）選用have, has填空：told him the news.co

18、me back from school.won the game.B）按要求改寫下列各句：have bought a computer/改成否定句）has lost his book.（先改成一般疑問句，再作肯定與否定回答）C）單項選擇6. -Where have you, Kate?Jveto the bank.A. gone, gone B. been, been C. gone, been D. been, gone7. Her grandfatherfor two years.A. died B. has died C. has been deadD. has been died8.

19、Its six weeksI met you last.A. when B. sinceC. before D. for9. Tom and Jack have arrived at West Hill Farm already.A. have got B. have gone to C. have been to D. have reache d現(xiàn)在完成時練習(xí)（二）一、單項選擇。1、Both his parentslook sad . Maybe they whatshappened to him . （呼和浩特）. knew . have known . must know .will k

20、now2、He has been to Shanghai , has he ?. already .never .ever . still3 、Have you met Mr Li ？. just . ago .before . a moment ago4、The famous writer one new book in the past two years . is writing .was writing.wrote .has written5、 Our country a lot so far . Yes . I hope it will be even . has changed ;

21、 well . changed ; good . has changed ; better. changed ; better6 、 Zhao Lan already in this school for twoyears . . was ; studying. will ; study. has ; studied . are ; studying7 、 We Xiao Li since she was a little girl . know . had known . have known . knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I it tw

22、ice . will see. have seen . saw .see9、 These farmers have been to the United States . Really ? When there ?. will they go . did they go . do they go. have they gone10、 you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I it a moment ago . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished.has gone . went .will go . has been

23、. Have ; done ; have finished. will ; do ; finish11、His father the Party since 1978 . joined . has joined . was in . has been in12 、 Do you know him well ? Sure .We friends since ten years ago . were . have been . have become . have made13 、 How long have you here ?About two months . been . gone . c

24、ome . arrived14 、 Hurry up! The play for ten minutes . has begun . had begun. has been on . began15、 It ten years since he left the army . is . has . will . was16、 Miss Green isnt in the office . she to the17 、 My parents Shandong for ten years . have been in . have been to. have gone to . have been

25、18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ?A. so they B. don t they C. have they D. havent they19、has Mr White been a member of Greener Chinasince he toChina?A. How soon, comes B. How often, gotC. How long, came D. How far, arrived20、His uncle for more than 9 years.A. has come here B. has started

26、to workC. has lived there D. has left the university二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。1、He has never surfed, ?（改成反意疑問句）2、They have been here since 2000. （對劃線部分提問 ）library .they been here?3、The old man last year . Hefor a year . （die）（動詞填空）4、This factory opened twenty years ago.（同義句轉(zhuǎn)換）This factoryfor twenty years.5、Miss Gao le

27、ft an hour ago.（同義句轉(zhuǎn)換）Miss Gaoan hour ago.6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同義句）Her motherthe Party three years.7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago.（同義句轉(zhuǎn)換）two years the Green family moved to France.8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago.（扌巴 兩個句子合并成一個

28、句子）三、漢譯英。1吉姆已做完作業(yè)，他現(xiàn)在有空了2、他昨天收到一封信。3、我父親以前到過長城。4、她還沒有看過那部新電影。5、她去過上海。6、他這些天上哪兒去了？參考答案：一、單項選擇。1現(xiàn)在完成時主要強調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響，或過去發(fā) 生的動作還未結(jié)束，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或?qū)?，重點在于對現(xiàn)在的影響。 這種考查難度較大，往往無時間狀語，需要從上下文分析、推理才行。 故上兩側(cè)根據(jù)上下文分析、推理，正確答案是E。2、現(xiàn)在完成時常與already （已經(jīng)），just （剛剛，正好），ever （曾 經(jīng)），never （從來，也不；從不），before （以前），yet （仍然）等連用。故2應(yīng)選Bo3、C4、現(xiàn)在完成時常與recently （近來），so far （到目前為止），in thepast/ “l(fā)ast + 一段時間”等時間狀語連用。因為上述短語表示的是從 現(xiàn)在起往前推算的一段時間，句中的動作是從過去某一時間或時刻開始 持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的。故4應(yīng)選Q5、C6、現(xiàn)在完成時時常與“ for+時間段或since +過去時間點”連用（含 從句，從句過去時）。故6應(yīng)選