(完整版)新人教版英語七年級(jí)下冊(cè)1-12單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納,推薦文檔

1、unit 1 can you play the guitar?語言點(diǎn)梳理一、語法：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：有一定意義，表示說話人的語氣或情態(tài)，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語，只能和其他動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。否定形式是在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加上 not。變一般疑問句要把情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提到句子的開頭，即：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他？1. 肯定句：he/she/i/we/they/you/tom+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 can+動(dòng)詞原形.2. 否定句：he/she/i/we/they/you/tom+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 can+not+動(dòng)詞原形3. 一般疑問句：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 can+ he/she/i/we/they/you/tom+動(dòng)詞原形？

2、 yes，主語+can./no，主語+ cant.1） 表示能力，“會(huì)；能”。 eg: can you dance? 你會(huì)跳舞嗎？2） 表示請(qǐng)求或許可，“可以”。eg: can i ask you a question? 我可以問你一個(gè)問題嗎？1. play the guitar/piano/violin/drums 彈吉他/鋼琴/小提琴/敲鼓play chess 下象棋play sports 做運(yùn)動(dòng)play soccer/basketball 踢足球、打籃球（樂器名稱前加 the,球類名稱前不加 the) 2. join the art club 加入藝術(shù)俱樂部/swimming club

3、游泳俱樂部sports club 運(yùn)動(dòng)俱樂部/story telling club 講故事俱樂部english club/ art club/ music clubjoinv.參加，加入指加入某個(gè)團(tuán)體，組織，群體，并成為其中的一員。what club do you want to join ?你想加入什么俱樂部？i want to join the swimming club.=i want to be in the swimming club. takepart in 參加，加入某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)，并在其中其積極作用。eg.take part in the meeting 參加會(huì)議3. want st

4、h.想要某物 want to do sth.想做某事want sb to do sth 想要某人做某事4. be good at（doing.)擅長(zhǎng)于=do well in 在某方面做得好be good with 與相處的好 be good for 對(duì)有益5. like to do sth.喜歡做某事 likedoing sth.6. lets do sth.讓我干let/make sb.do sth.使某人做某事10. write stories 寫故事write to sb= write a letter to sb= write sb a letter 11.tell /speak/sa

5、y/talk 的用法1) tell 講述一件事實(shí)或故事等 及物動(dòng)詞tell sb. sth 給某人講某事=tell sth to sb 把某事告訴某人tell sb. to do sth 告訴某人做某事tell stories 講故事 =tell a storytell a lie 撒謊2) speak v. 主要是講說話的能力，往往接語言speak english 講英語3） talk 為不及物動(dòng)詞 往往加介詞再接賓語talk to sb.和交談/talk with sb.和交談（指雙方）4） say 往往接說話的內(nèi)容 eg.our teacher says we should study

6、hard. say it in english 用英語說它12. make friends with sb.和交朋友13. play games with sb.和做游戲14. help sb. with sth.= help sb. (to) do sth.幫助某人做某事15. call sb. at 電話號(hào)碼給某人打電話撥+號(hào)碼16. on /at the weekend 在周末 on weekendsafter school 放學(xué)后17. do chinese kung fu 打中國功夫18. be free 空閑的19. sing very well 唱得好 that sounds g

7、ood. 那聽起來很好20.english-speaking students 講英語的學(xué)生21. students sports center 學(xué)生運(yùn)動(dòng)中心23. also /too/eitheralso/too 用在肯定句,also 用于句中，too 用于句尾,either 用于否定句句未 eg.i am a student . he is a student,too. i am a student . he is also a student.i am not a student . he is not a student, either.24. and/or 連接兩個(gè)并列成分 eg.i

8、 can sing and dance.(and 用于肯定句） i cant sing or dance.（or 用于否定句）can you sing or dance ?(or 用于選擇疑問句“或者”） 25.at the old peoples home 在養(yǎng)老院27. need to do sth 需要干某事 need sb. to do sth 需要某人干某事28. wanted students for school show 學(xué)校表演招聘學(xué)生v.展示；給.看 show sb. sth= show sth to sb.給某人展示n.節(jié)目；表演 tv show 電視節(jié)目29. teac

9、h v.教，講授 teacher n.教師 teach sb.english 教某人英語teach sb. sth .= teach sthto sb.教給某人某事=教某事給某人teach sb.to do sth 教給某人做某事30. music n.音樂 musician n. 音樂家31. piano (pl.) pianosunit 2 what time do you go to school?知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理1. what time do you get up?what time +助動(dòng)詞 do/does +主語+動(dòng)詞原形，詢問某人做某事的具體時(shí)間。what time do you be

10、gin class in the morning?2. whats the time=what time is it?是用來詢問具體時(shí)刻，意為“幾點(diǎn)了”。用 it 作答。what s the time? its 7:30.幾點(diǎn)了？七點(diǎn)半了。英語時(shí)刻的表達(dá)法：順讀法和逆讀法。順讀法：鐘點(diǎn)數(shù)+分鐘數(shù)。4：25four twenty-five，6:58six fifty-eight， 7：00seven oclock 說明：這種表達(dá)不論分鐘數(shù)是多少，均可使用。逆讀法：分鐘為+介詞 to/past+鐘點(diǎn)數(shù)，可分兩種情況：1) 分鐘為不超過半小時(shí)，用分鐘數(shù)+past(/past/過)+鐘點(diǎn)數(shù)。4:23t

11、wenty-three past four，5:19nineteen past five.2) 分鐘數(shù)超過了半小時(shí)，用(所差的)分鐘的+to+(下一個(gè))鐘點(diǎn)。7：31twenty-nine to eight，10：58two to eleven英語習(xí)慣上把十五分鐘(fifteen)稱作一刻 aquarter，三十分鐘(thirty)稱為 half/half，因此10：30，可以用兩種表達(dá)方式，half past ten，ten thirty。10:45 讀作 a quarter to eleven3. go to school 去上學(xué) go to work 去上班 go to bed 上床睡覺

12、 go home 回家4. get home 到家 get to school 到達(dá)學(xué)校get up 起床 get up early 起床早get dressed 穿衣服（表示動(dòng)作）eg：lets get dressed and have breakfast.dress sb 給某人穿衣服 she always dresses herself although she is only one year old.be dressed in 穿衣服相當(dāng)于 weari am dressed in a blue coat.5. brush ones teeth 刷牙（teeth 的單數(shù) tooth）(

13、三單 brushes) 6.eat/have breakfast/lunch/dinner 吃早餐(一日三餐前不加 the) eat a good breakfast.吃了一個(gè)豐盛的早餐7.take a shower=have a shower 洗 澡8.take/have a walk 散步=go for a walk=walk 10.do ones homework 做家庭作業(yè)11. clean my room 打掃我的房間 my room is clean.12. eat ice-cream 吃冰激凌 eat a lot of/lots of fruit and vegetables 吃

14、許多蔬菜和水果13. do/play sports 做運(yùn)動(dòng)14. eat quickly 快速的吃quick 形容詞，快的。加 ly 變成副詞形式15. play computer games 玩電腦游戲16. he works at a radio station.work:人們?nèi)粘９ぷ骱蜕钪袕氖碌捏w力和腦力勞動(dòng)，各類工作。不可數(shù)名詞job:指具體的職業(yè)或工作?？蓴?shù)名詞17. 3 what a funny time to eat breakfast!感嘆句：(1)what a/an +形容詞+單數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語! what a good girl she is!(2)what+形容詞+可

15、數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+主語+謂語!what good girls they are!(3)what +形容詞+不可為名詞+主語+謂語!what terrible weather it is!（4）how+形容詞+the+主語+謂語！how terrible the weather is! howgoodthe girlis!18.i usually get up at five oclock.1) 句中 usually 與 often 一樣都是頻度副詞，常用于動(dòng)詞 be 助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，用在行為動(dòng)詞之前。always 意思是“總是”、“永遠(yuǎn)”，表示動(dòng)作重復(fù)，狀態(tài)繼續(xù)，中間沒有間斷。eg：we al

16、ways get up before six oclock. he is always thinking of others.alwaysusuallyoftensometimesseldomnever（表示頻率大?。?) 介詞 at 常用于具體時(shí)刻之前，意義為 在，如：at 5：00 在 5：00 鐘。on，at，in 這三個(gè)常用介詞都可以表示時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)，但具體用法不同.on 用在日期、星期幾、節(jié)日前，也表示在具體某一天及具體某一天的上午、下午和晚上。on november 1ston mondayon childrens dayon tuesday eveningin 用于月份、季節(jié)、年份

17、前，當(dāng) early，late 用于句首修飾介詞短語時(shí)，盡管表示具體某一天的上午、下午、晚上，都要用 in，泛指一般的上、下午，晚上也用 in 。early in the morning of national day，i got up to catch the first bus to the zoo.將來時(shí)態(tài)表“過一段時(shí)間后” 及“在.期間” 和“在某個(gè)季節(jié)，某年、某月” 都用 in。19. an interesting job 一份有趣的工作20. at a radio station 在一家無線電臺(tái) 21.radio show 無線電節(jié)目22.at night 在晚上 in the mo

18、rning /in the evening 在傍晚24.after that 在那之后 after lunch 午飯后25.on weekends 在周末 on school days 在上學(xué)日 26.sometimes 有時(shí)27.its time for sth. 該 了to do sth.28.be late for 遲到29. much time 許多時(shí)間（much 修飾不可數(shù)名詞）many 只能修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)lots of =a lot of 許多；大量（修飾不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)）30. half an hour 半小時(shí)31. either or或者或者i either watc

19、h tv or do homework on weekends.either i or he is right./ either he or i am right.(連接并列主語時(shí)，據(jù)就近原則)32. it tastes good.它味道很好。33. have a healthy life 過著健康的生活（life 的復(fù)數(shù) lives）34. make breakfast for sb.為某人做早飯unit 3 how do you get to school?知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理1. 關(guān)于交通方式的表達(dá)：1） 用動(dòng)詞短語：take the train/bus/subway/ship/plane乘火車/

20、乘公交車/乘地鐵/乘船/乘飛機(jī)在句子中作謂語動(dòng)詞ride a/the/my bike騎自行車ride a camel/horse騎馬/騎駱駝drive a/the/my car開車，駕車walk步行2） 用介詞短語：by+交通工具（注：交通工具前面不能放任何修飾詞，后面不能變復(fù)數(shù)） 在句中只能作狀語by train/bus/subway/ship/plane乘火車/乘公交車/乘地鐵/乘船/乘飛機(jī)on/in+a/the/my+交通工具 在句中只能作狀語on foot步行所有的動(dòng)詞短語都可以變成go to sp.+介詞短語take the train/bus/subway/ship/plane=g

21、o to .by train/bus/subway/ship/ plane=go to.by train/bus/subway/ship/planeride a bike騎自行車=go to.by bike=go to.on a bikedrive a/the/my car開車，駕車=go to.in a car=go to. by carwalk步行=go to.on foot步行g(shù)o on a ropeway乘索道=go to. on a ropeway2. it takes sb. some time to do sth.花費(fèi)某人多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間做某事eg：it takes me two hou

22、rs to finish my homework every day. 每天做作業(yè)花費(fèi)我兩個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間。it takes him/mary half an hour to get to school every day.每天上學(xué)花費(fèi)他/瑪麗半小時(shí)的時(shí)間。3. 1）how do you get to school？i get to school by bike./i ride a bike to school. （詢問方式）2） how far is it from your home to school? （詢問路程）-it is ten kilometers.-its about five

23、minutes bus ride./ten minutes walk/ ten minutes on foot.3） how long does it take？（詢問時(shí)間）-about twenty minutes.4. every day每天everydayadj. 日常的5. from to從到from beijing to shanghai從北京到上海6.the bus ride公共汽車的車程 7.have a good day過的愉快8.go to school by bike乘自行車去上學(xué)9.stop n.停止，車站bus stop公共汽車站bus station公共汽車站subw

24、ay station地鐵站v.停止，阻止stop doing是停止做某事please stop watching tv.不要看電視了。stop to do是停下來做另一件事是阻止做某事。lets stop to have a rest.讓我們休息一下吧！ 10.think of想起；認(rèn)為=think aboutwhat do you think of the tv show/playing chess？ 你認(rèn)為這個(gè)電視節(jié)目/下象棋怎么樣？11. cross the river穿過河流12. its+形容詞+for sb.+to do sth.對(duì)于某人來說做.its easy for me to

25、 speak english .對(duì)于我來說說英語很容易.its useful for students to learn english well .對(duì)于同學(xué)們來說學(xué)好英語很有用。its+名詞+for sb.+to do sth.對(duì)于某人來說做its their dream to have a bridge. 擁有一座橋是他們的夢(mèng)想。it time to have lunch. 到了吃午飯的時(shí)間了。13. between and在 和之間14. an 11-year-old boy一位 11 歲的小男孩he is an 11-year-old boy.他是一個(gè) 11 歲的男孩。=he is 1

26、1 years old. 15.play with sb.和玩耍17. hes like a father to me.他對(duì)我像一位父親 be like 像.18. come true實(shí)現(xiàn)19. afraid不是動(dòng)詞,是形容詞,因此不能單獨(dú)作謂語：正：dont be afraid.別怕.誤：dont afraid. 1）be afraid of sth./doing sth.害怕（害怕或擔(dān)心出現(xiàn)某些不良的后果）i am afraid of the tigers.我害怕老虎。i was afraid of hurting her feelings.我怕傷了她的感情. 2）be afraid to

27、 do害怕做某事（因害怕而不敢做某事）i am afraid to go out alone at night.我害怕晚上一個(gè)人出去。20.for many students =many of the students 對(duì)于大多數(shù)的學(xué)生。21.love to do sth .喜愛干某事love to do sth=love doing sth22. river runs too quickly. 河流太快。23. thanks for doing sth.感謝做某事thanks for your last e-mail.謝謝你的上一封郵件。unit 4 dont eat in class.知識(shí)

28、點(diǎn)梳理1. in class在上課時(shí)，在上課 in the class在班里don t eat in class.別在課堂上吃東西2. fight with和打架dont fight with your classmates.別和同學(xué)打架3. noisy 形容詞：吵鬧的noise 噪音make a noise制造噪音，大聲喧嘩dont be noisy. 不要嘈雜。please be/keep quiet.請(qǐng)保持安靜。4.on time按時(shí)in time 及時(shí)we must be on time for class.我們必須按時(shí)上課.we finish homework in time eve

29、ry day.我們每天及時(shí)完成作業(yè)。5.in the hallways在走廊里in the dining hall 在餐廳里6.be/arrive late for school上學(xué)遲到 7.listen to music聽音樂8.eat outside在外面吃=go out for dinnergo out出去 go for a walk=take a walk去散步9.a lot of= lots of許多；大量10. bring to把帶到（帶到說話地點(diǎn)）take.to.把帶到（帶離說話地點(diǎn)）please bring my english here.請(qǐng)把我的英語書帶到這里來。you ca

30、nt take the book home.你不能把這本書帶回家.11. have to do sth.=must do sth必須做某事，不得不做某事12.wear the/a school uniform穿校服be dressed in=wear穿著13.practice the guitar練習(xí)吉它practice doing sth.練習(xí)做某事i practice speaking english every day.我天天練習(xí)說英語. 14.do the dishes洗刷餐具 15.clean the room打掃房間16.on school days在上學(xué)日 17.every sa

31、turday每周六18.before 1）介詞 before dinner在晚飯前before 10:00 十點(diǎn)之前you must finish your homework before dinner.you must finish your homework before watching tv.2） conj.連接一個(gè)句子you must finish your homework before you watch tv. 19.1）too many=many，用來修飾復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。they bought too many eggs yesterday. 昨天他們買了太多的雞蛋。too m

32、uch=much，用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞。we both have too much work to do. 我們倆都有很多工作要做。much too= too，用來修飾原級(jí)形容詞或副詞。its much too cold outside. youd better put on your overcoat.外面太冷了, 你最好把大衣穿上。too many rules太多的規(guī)則/too much time太多的時(shí)間20. think about考慮think of 認(rèn)為，想起21. strict是形容詞,意為“嚴(yán)格的,嚴(yán)厲的”,可作表語也可作定語。如: our head teacher is ver

33、y strict, but we still need many strict rules.我們的班主任非常嚴(yán)格,但是我們還需要許多嚴(yán)格的制度。be strict with sb.對(duì)某人嚴(yán)格要求mr. smith is very strict with his children.史密斯先生對(duì)他的孩子們要求十分嚴(yán)格。be strict in (doing) sth., 意為“對(duì)(做)某事嚴(yán)格要求”。如:we should be strict in (doing) our work.對(duì)工作我們應(yīng)該嚴(yán)格要求。22.make the rules制定制度 follow /obey the rules遵守

34、規(guī)則break the rules違反制度make the /ones bed整理床鋪make breakfast做早餐make sb. do sth.讓某人做某事23.in the kitchen在廚房26.good luck祝你好運(yùn)。luck是不可數(shù)名詞lucky adj.幸運(yùn)的luckily adv.幸運(yùn)地eg：you are a lucky dog./luckily，tom passed the test. 27.remember to do sth. 記 住 要 做 某 事 。 如 ： remember to post the letter for me.記住給我郵這封信。remem

35、ber doing sth. 記得做過某事。如：i remember seeing him once. 我記得見過他一次。28.learn from向.學(xué)習(xí)learn to do sth學(xué)習(xí)做某事/學(xué)會(huì)做某事learn .by oneself自學(xué)tom learns english by himself these years.這些年湯姆一直自學(xué)英語。tom learns to speak english this year.湯姆今年學(xué)會(huì)了說英語。29.relax v.放松，休息its a good way to relax.relaxing adj.讓人放松的relaxed adj.感到放松

36、的the tv show is relaxing.so i feel relaxed.這個(gè)電視節(jié)目很輕松，所以我感到很放松。unit5 why do you like pandas？知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理1.砍伐樹木 cut down treeseg：there are fewer trees，so we shouldnt cut them down.2. kind adj.和藹的，親切的be kind to sb對(duì)某人和藹可親有點(diǎn)兒 kind of=a littlekind種類n.a kind of一種 all kinds of各種各樣 different kinds of 不同種類的3. 在南非in

37、south africa4. 挽救大象 save the elephants5. 象牙制品 the things made of ivory6. 三千多over three thousandover=more than超過，多于7.長(zhǎng)時(shí)間行走 walk for a long time用兩條腿走路 walk on two legs8.整天睡覺sleep all day all day整日 all night整夜9.來自非洲 come(be) from africa10. 什么動(dòng)物 what animal(s)11. 幫助某人做某事 help sb.do sth.help sb. withsth.

38、12. 由-制成 be made of13. friend n.朋友friendly adj.友好的be friendly to sb. 對(duì)某人友好14. one of thailands symbols泰國的象征之一one of 中之一后加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，如做主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)one of his friends is tom.他朋友中有一個(gè)叫tom。15. 獵殺大象攫取象牙 kill the elephants for ivory 16.忘記干某事 forget to do sth.dont forget to close the door when you leave.當(dāng)你離開時(shí)別忘了關(guān)

39、上門。forget doing sth.忘記做了某事i forget telling him about this thing.我忘了已經(jīng)把這件事告訴他了。記住去做某事remember to do sthremember doing sth 記得做了某事17. be in great danger處于危險(xiǎn)之中danger n.危險(xiǎn)dangerous adj.危險(xiǎn)的tiger is a dangerous animal.老虎是危險(xiǎn)的動(dòng)物。tigersare in great danger.18. 好運(yùn)的象征a symbol of good luck19. 非常喜歡長(zhǎng)頸鹿. like giraff

40、es a lot(very much)20. 有食物和水的地方 the places with food andwater 21.失去某人的家園lose oneshome（s）22.一種好運(yùn)氣的象征. a symbol of good luck 23.歡迎來到動(dòng)物園welcome to the zoo 24.real adj.真正的really adv.真正地，的確tom is a real hero.湯姆是個(gè)真正的英雄。he really likes to help the others.他真的喜歡幫助別人。25.句子：lets see the pandas first.why do you

41、 want to see the pandas?why do you like pandas? because they are very cute. where are they from?theyre from china.unit6 i am watching tv.知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理1. 看報(bào)read a newspaper/book(reading,reads)2. 看電影 go to the movies(go to a movie) (going,goes) 4.在電視上看劃船比賽watch the boat game on tv5. 看電視watch tv(watching,watch

42、es)6. 做湯.make soup/dinner 包粽子make zongzi(making,makes) 7.打電話 talk on the phone(talking,talks)8.聽cdlisten to a cd (listening,listens) 9.洗衣服 wash the clothes(washing,washes) 10.用電腦use a computer(using,uses)11.在家學(xué)習(xí) study at home.(studying,studies) 13.購物 go shopping=shop(shopping)14. 踢足球 play soccer(pla

43、ying,plays)15. 游泳swim=go swimming(swimming)16. 鍛煉 exercise(exercising)17.復(fù)習(xí)準(zhǔn)備考試study for a test 18.喝茶 drink tea(drinking)19.在外吃 eat out(eating)20.他的寄宿家庭his host family 21.考慮think about(of) 22.沒有地方比得上自己家no place like home23.和某人一塊吃晚飯join sb. for dinner (eat dinner with sb.) 24.像其它的任何一個(gè)夜晚like any other

44、 night25.給她的孩子們讀故事read a story to her children 26.在游泳池里 in the (swimming) pool27.在超市 in the supermarket28.在客廳 in the living-room 29.一位來自深圳的學(xué)生a student from shenzhen30 端午節(jié) dragon boat festival31.想念他家人. miss his family(misses) 32.would you like to eat out with me?你想要和我一起外出吃飯嗎？ yes，id love to.我非常樂意woul

45、d like to do sth.想要做某事=want to do sthwould like sb to do sth.=want sb to do sth想要某人做某事33.一會(huì)見。see you then(soon)34.沒有什么事 not much 35.我是珍妮this is jenny （spaeking）.（打電話用語） 36.wish sb. to do sth.希望某人干某事i wish you to be a musician.我希望你能成為一名音樂家。wish to do sth.希望做某事i wish to fly to the moon.我希望可以飛到月球上去。37.

46、讓某人做某事 let sb.do sth.38.想要做某事 want to do sth.40. 幫助某人做某事 help sb. do sth.41. 一張我家的全家福 a picture of my family/mr.greens 42.child (pl.children)man(pl.men)people(pl.people) 43.delicious 美味的 adj.44. american美國 american adj.美國的he is in an american family 他在一個(gè)美國家庭里。he is an american.他是個(gè)美國人。he is from amer

47、ican.他來自美國。canada-canadian加拿大-加拿大的，加拿大人china-chinese中國-中國的/中國人，漢語africa-african非洲 -非洲的/非洲人45. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):be+v.ing時(shí)間狀語：nowlisten look，right now一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：（1）v.原形 （2） /v.-es動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)間狀語：often /usually/ always /sometimes/neverevery day/morning/saturday/in the morning/afternoon/evening on weekends after school be

48、fore dinner on school days46. 動(dòng)詞變現(xiàn)在分詞的規(guī)則： 1.）一般的直接加-ing：look-looking2.）以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的，去e加ing：skate-skating3.以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)，雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母再加ing begin-beginning（一）重要詞匯：unit 8is there a post office near here?1. police n.警察policemanpolicemen(復(fù)數(shù))男警察；policewomanpolicewomen(復(fù)數(shù)).女警察police station 警察局；2. post offi

49、ce郵局3.pay phone付電話4.on bridge street在大橋街上a3.neighborhood n.街坊、街區(qū)；neighbor n.鄰居、鄰國； 4.free adj.空閑的、自由的；免費(fèi)的；freely adv.自由地； 5.easy adj.容易的；easily adv.容易地；6. north n.南方；northern adj.南方的；7. 反義詞：nearfar; frontback; rightleft/wrong; freebusy; 8.go along沿著走9.turn right 向右轉(zhuǎn) 10.turn left 向左轉(zhuǎn)turn right/left a

50、t the +序數(shù)詞+crossing.在第幾個(gè)十字路口向右/左轉(zhuǎn)=take the+序數(shù)詞 + crossing on the right/left 11.on ones left/ right在某人的左邊 /右邊12.in my neighborhood在我的附近；鄰近13. on the right / left在右邊 / 左邊14. excuse me 勞駕19. far from 離遠(yuǎn)20. look like 看起來像21. in life一生中，在生活中22. be free 免費(fèi)（有空） 23.time goes時(shí)光流逝24.climb the trees爬樹25. spend

51、 time with my grandfather與祖父共度時(shí)光（1） spend的主語必須是人。spend+時(shí)間/金錢+（in）doing sth. 花費(fèi)時(shí)間/金錢在 eg：i often spend half an hour playing the piano on weekends. 周末我通?；ò雮€(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間彈鋼琴。spend +時(shí)間/金錢+on sth.i spend 50yuan on my new coat.我花 50 元買我的新大衣。pay的主語是人，花費(fèi)金錢（1) pay money for sth. 付錢買i have to pay 20 pounds for this r

52、oom each month. 我每個(gè)月要付 20 英磅的房租。(2)pay for sth. 付的錢。例：i have to pay for the bill.我必須得買單。take主語必須是物，不能是人(1) it takes sb. 時(shí)間to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少時(shí)間。例：it took them three years to build this road.他們用了三年時(shí)間修完了這條路。（2） the bus ride takes me 10 minutes.公交車旅程花了我 10 分鐘的時(shí)間。cost的主語是物或某種活動(dòng)，做花費(fèi)金錢講(1)sth. cost(sb.)

53、金錢 某物花了（某人）多少錢。例：the new computer costsme a lot of money.買這臺(tái)新電腦花了我一大筆錢。26. watch sb. doing觀看某人正在做某事（正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作）watch sb. do sth.觀看某人做某事（經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或偶然性的動(dòng)作） i am watching tom playing soccer.我正在觀看湯姆踢足球。i often watch tom play soccer.我經(jīng)常觀看湯姆踢足球。（根據(jù)語境判斷到底使用那種情況。）27. enjoy doing sth.喜歡做某事enjoy oneself =have a gre

54、at time玩得高興，過得愉快we often enjoy ourselves in the park.=we often have a great time in the park.我們經(jīng)常那個(gè)在公園里玩得很高興。（二）、介詞和介詞短語1. across(介詞)穿過、橫過；cross(動(dòng)詞)跨過、橫過；crossing(名詞)十字路口，across from在.對(duì)面；at the first crossing 在第一個(gè)十字路口across （從表面）橫過；through （從中間）穿過、穿越；2. next to在的旁邊7.between and 在和之間8.in front of在前面

55、behind在后面9.on center street在中央大街上10.near here在這附近 around here在這周圍near在附近around在周圍：大約（=about） 11.on 在.表面上（接觸表面）；above 在上面（不接觸表面）反義詞below 在.下面；12. over 在.垂直上方反義詞under 在.垂直下方13. in front of在.前面反義詞behind在.后面；in front of在.（外部的）前面；in the front of在.（內(nèi)部的）前面； 五、關(guān)于問路與指路：1.問路：1）-where is the bank？-its on cente

56、r street.2）-is there a bank near here？yes，there is. its on center street.3）-excuse me.how can i get the bank？-go along green street. turn left at the first crossing.its on the right，across from the post office.6、there be與have/has的區(qū)別（一）there be句型1. 表示：在某地有某物或某人。2. 在there be 句型中，主語是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，be 動(dòng)詞用is ；主語是復(fù)數(shù)，be 動(dòng)詞用are；如有幾件物品，be 動(dòng)詞根據(jù)最近be動(dòng)詞的那個(gè)名詞決定，即使用就近原則。there is a book on the desk. there is some water in the glass.there are three men under the tree .there is a bag,two books and three pens on the desk.3