電大機(jī)電一體化系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ)課程形考作1

1、專業(yè)好文檔機(jī)電一體化系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ)課程形成性考核作業(yè)1 答案一、判斷題（正確的打，錯(cuò)誤的打）1機(jī)電一體化系統(tǒng)的主要功能就是對輸入的物質(zhì)按照要求進(jìn)行處理，輸出具有所需特性的物質(zhì)。（ x ） p42. 系統(tǒng)論、信息論、控制論是機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)的理論基礎(chǔ)，是機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)的方法論。（ ） p103信息處理技術(shù)是指在機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品工作過程中，與工作過程各種參數(shù)和狀態(tài)以及自動(dòng)控制有關(guān)的信息輸入、識(shí)別、變換、運(yùn)算、存儲(chǔ)、輸出和決策分析等技術(shù)。（ ）p114自動(dòng)控制是在人直接參與的情況下，通過控制器使被控對象或過程自動(dòng)地按照預(yù)定的規(guī)律運(yùn)行。（x ）p115產(chǎn)品的組成零部件和裝配精度高，系統(tǒng)的精度一定就高。（x

2、）6為減少機(jī)械傳動(dòng)部件的扭矩反饋對電機(jī)動(dòng)態(tài)性能的影響，機(jī)械傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的基本固有頻率應(yīng)低于電氣驅(qū)動(dòng)部件的固有頻率的23倍，同時(shí)，傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的固有頻率應(yīng)接近控制系統(tǒng)的工作頻率，以免系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生振蕩而失去穩(wěn)定性。（x ）p217傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量取決于機(jī)構(gòu)中各部件的質(zhì)量和轉(zhuǎn)速。（x ）p218在閉環(huán)系統(tǒng)中，因齒輪副的嚙合間隙而造成的傳動(dòng)死區(qū)能使系統(tǒng)以610倍的間隙角產(chǎn)生低頻振蕩，采用消隙裝置，以提高傳動(dòng)精度和系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定性。（x ）p449進(jìn)行機(jī)械系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)，由于阻尼對系統(tǒng)的精度和快速響應(yīng)性均產(chǎn)生不利的影響，因此機(jī)械系統(tǒng)的阻尼比取值越小越好。（x ）p2710滾珠絲杠垂直傳動(dòng)時(shí)，必須在系統(tǒng)中附加自鎖或制動(dòng)裝

3、置。（ ）p3311采用偏心軸套調(diào)整法對齒輪傳動(dòng)的側(cè)隙進(jìn)行調(diào)整，結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，且可以自動(dòng)補(bǔ)償側(cè)隙。（x ）p4712采用虛擬樣機(jī)代替物理樣機(jī)對產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)測試和評估，延長了產(chǎn)品開發(fā)周期，增加了產(chǎn)品開發(fā)成本，但是可以改進(jìn)產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)質(zhì)量，提高面向客戶與市場需求能力。（x ）p65二、單選題1 以下產(chǎn)品屬于機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品的是（ c ）。a游標(biāo)卡尺 b電話c全自動(dòng)洗衣機(jī) d非指針式電子表2為提高機(jī)電一體化機(jī)械傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的固有頻率，應(yīng)設(shè)法（ a ）。 a增大系統(tǒng)剛度 b增大系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量c增大系統(tǒng)的驅(qū)動(dòng)力矩 d減小系統(tǒng)的摩擦阻力3導(dǎo)程l0=8mm的絲杠驅(qū)動(dòng)總質(zhì)量為60kg的工作臺(tái)與工件，則其折算到絲杠上的等效

4、轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量為（ b ）kgmm2。 a48.5 b97c4.85 d9.74傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的固有頻率對傳動(dòng)精度有影響，（ a ）固有頻率可減小系統(tǒng)地傳動(dòng)誤差，（ a ）系統(tǒng)剛度可提高固有頻率。a提高，提高 b提高，減小c減小，提高 d減小，減小5下列哪種方法是采用單螺母預(yù)緊原理來消除滾珠絲杠副的間隙？（ d ） a螺紋調(diào)隙式 b雙螺母墊片調(diào)隙式c齒差調(diào)隙式 d偏置導(dǎo)程法6. 齒輪傳動(dòng)的總等效慣量隨傳動(dòng)級(jí)數(shù)( b )。 a.增加而減小 b.增加而增加c.減小而減小 d.變化而不變7多級(jí)齒輪傳動(dòng)中，各級(jí)傳動(dòng)比“前小后大”的分配原則不適用于按（ d ）設(shè)計(jì)的傳動(dòng)鏈。 a最小等效轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量原則（小功率傳動(dòng)裝置）

5、b最小等效轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量原則（大功率傳動(dòng)裝置）c輸出軸的轉(zhuǎn)角誤差最小原則d重量最輕原則8某機(jī)電一體化系統(tǒng)需要消除齒輪傳動(dòng)的齒側(cè)間隙，采取下列哪種方法使得調(diào)整過程中能自動(dòng)補(bǔ)償齒側(cè)間隙？（ d ） a偏心套調(diào)整法 b軸向墊片調(diào)整法c薄片錯(cuò)齒調(diào)整法 d軸向壓簧錯(cuò)齒調(diào)整法三、簡答題1完善的機(jī)電一體化系統(tǒng)主要包括哪幾部分？答：機(jī)電一體化系統(tǒng)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)要素有機(jī)械本體，動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)（能源，驅(qū)動(dòng)部分），執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)，控制及信息處理單元，傳感檢測部分等5項(xiàng)，各環(huán)節(jié)和要素之間通過接口相聯(lián)系。2簡述機(jī)電一體化系統(tǒng)中的接口的作用。答：機(jī)電一體化系統(tǒng)是機(jī)械、電子和信息等性能各異的技術(shù)融為一體的綜合系統(tǒng)，其各要素及各子系統(tǒng)之間的連接與

6、信息傳輸都要通過接口。從系統(tǒng)外部看，輸入/輸出是系統(tǒng)與人、環(huán)境或其他系統(tǒng)之間的接口；從系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部看，機(jī)電一體化系統(tǒng)是通過許多接口將各組成要素的輸入/輸出聯(lián)系成一體的系統(tǒng)。各要素及各子系統(tǒng)之間的接口性能好壞決定了整個(gè)機(jī)電一體化系統(tǒng)的綜合性能。3機(jī)械運(yùn)動(dòng)中的摩擦和阻尼會(huì)降低效率，但是設(shè)計(jì)中要適當(dāng)選擇其參數(shù)，而不是越小越好。為什么？答：一般情況下，摩擦阻尼都發(fā)生在運(yùn)動(dòng)副的構(gòu)件之間。系統(tǒng)的靜摩擦阻尼大，會(huì)使系統(tǒng)的回程誤差增大，定位精度降低。系統(tǒng)的黏性阻尼摩擦越大，系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)態(tài)誤差就越大，精度降低。系統(tǒng)的黏性阻尼摩擦?xí)ο到y(tǒng)的快速響應(yīng)性產(chǎn)生不利影響。所以摩擦阻尼不易過大，但是阻尼比除了與機(jī)械系統(tǒng)的黏性阻尼系

7、數(shù)b有關(guān)外，還與系統(tǒng)的剛度和質(zhì)量有關(guān)。如果機(jī)械系統(tǒng)剛度低而質(zhì)量大，則系統(tǒng)的固有頻率較低，此時(shí)應(yīng)增大系統(tǒng)的黏性摩擦阻尼，以減小振幅和衰減振動(dòng)。因此，在進(jìn)行機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)，應(yīng)當(dāng)通過對剛度、質(zhì)量和摩擦系數(shù)等參數(shù)的合理匹配，得到機(jī)械系統(tǒng)阻尼比的適當(dāng)取值，以保證系統(tǒng)的良好動(dòng)態(tài)特性。4簡述機(jī)械系統(tǒng)的剛度對系統(tǒng)動(dòng)態(tài)特性的影響。答：（1）失動(dòng)量 系統(tǒng)剛度越大，因靜摩擦力作用所產(chǎn)生的傳動(dòng)部件的彈性變形越小，系統(tǒng)的失動(dòng)量也越小。 （2）固有頻率 機(jī)械系統(tǒng)剛度越大，固有頻率越高，可遠(yuǎn)離控制系統(tǒng)或驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的頻帶寬度，從而避免產(chǎn)生共振。 （3）穩(wěn)定性 剛度對閉環(huán)系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性有很大影響，提高剛度可增加閉環(huán)系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性。四

8、、計(jì)算題1.某工作臺(tái)采用直流電機(jī)絲杠螺母機(jī)構(gòu)驅(qū)動(dòng)如圖所示，已知電機(jī)軸的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量jm=410-4kgm3，與電機(jī)輸出軸相連的小齒輪的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量j1=110-4kgm3，大齒輪的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量j2=1.810-4kgm3，絲杠的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量js=3.810-4kgm3。工作臺(tái)的質(zhì)量m=50kg，絲杠導(dǎo)程t=5mm，齒輪減速比為i=5。試求：（1）工作臺(tái)折算到絲杠的等效轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量jg；（2）傳動(dòng)件折算到電機(jī)軸的等效轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量je；（3）電機(jī)軸上的總轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量j。工作臺(tái)絲杠 滾珠螺母齒輪減速器聯(lián)軸器dc伺服電機(jī)i=5圖 直流電機(jī)絲杠螺母機(jī)構(gòu)驅(qū)動(dòng)工作臺(tái)解答：1）工作臺(tái)折算到絲杠上的等效轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量：2）傳動(dòng)件折算到電機(jī)軸的等

9、效轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量je； 3）電機(jī)軸上的總轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量j。2.已知某四級(jí)齒輪傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)，各齒輪的轉(zhuǎn)角誤差為1=2=8=0.01弧度，各級(jí)減速比相同，即i1 = i2 = i4 =3，求該系統(tǒng)的最大轉(zhuǎn)角誤差max。解答： 五、綜合題1. 分析下圖調(diào)整齒側(cè)間隙的原理。1. 鎖緊螺母 2. 圓螺母 3. 帶凸緣螺母 4.無凸緣螺母解答：這是采用雙螺母預(yù)緊螺紋調(diào)隙來調(diào)整齒側(cè)間隙的。原理是1）采用一個(gè)外端有凸緣的螺母3，和一個(gè)外端無凸緣但制有螺紋的螺母4，螺母4伸出套筒外用兩個(gè)螺母（1和2）固定鎖緊，并用鍵來防止兩螺母相對轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。2）旋轉(zhuǎn)圓螺母2，如果圓螺母2帶動(dòng)絲杠向左微移，則通過外側(cè)的套筒使螺母3向右移動(dòng)，從而調(diào)整

10、、消除間隙，并產(chǎn)生了預(yù)緊力，之后再用鎖緊螺母鎖緊。2.分析下圖中傳動(dòng)大負(fù)載時(shí)消除齒側(cè)間隙的原理。1、6小齒輪 2、5大齒輪 3齒輪 4預(yù)載裝置 7齒條解答：這是采用雙齒輪調(diào)整齒側(cè)間隙的。原理是1）小齒輪1、6分別與齒條7嚙合。2）小齒輪1、6分別與大齒輪2、5同軸，大齒輪2、5同時(shí)與齒輪3嚙合。3）通過預(yù)載裝置4向齒輪3上預(yù)加負(fù)載，使大齒輪2、5同時(shí)向兩個(gè)相反方向轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，從而帶動(dòng)小齒輪1、6轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，其齒面便分別緊貼在齒條7上齒槽的左、右側(cè)，從而消除了齒側(cè)間隙。if we dont do that it will go on and go on. we have to stop it; we nee

11、d the courage to do it.his comments came hours after fifa vice-president jeffrey webb - also in london for the fas celebrations - said he wanted to meet ivory coast international toure to discuss his complaint.cska general director roman babaev says the matter has been exaggerated by the ivorian and

12、 the british media.blatter, 77, said: it has been decided by the fifa congress that it is a nonsense for racism to be dealt with with fines. you can always find money from somebody to pay them.it is a nonsense to have matches played without spectators because it is against the spirit of football and

13、 against the visiting team. it is all nonsense.we can do something better to fight racism and discrimination.this is one of the villains we have today in our game. but it is only with harsh sanctions that racism and discrimination can be washed out of football.the (lack of) air up there watch mcayma

14、n islands-based webb, the head of fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in london for the football associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend citys premier league match at chelsea on sunday.i am going to be at the match tomorrow and i have asked to meet yaya toure, he told bbc sport.for m

15、e its about how he felt and i would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was.uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against cskafor the racist behaviour of their fans duringcitys 2-1 win.michel platini, president of european footballs governing body, has also ordered an immedi

16、ate investigation into the referees actions.cska said they were surprised and disappointed by toures complaint. in a statement the russian side added: we found no racist insults from fans of cska.baumgartner the disappointing news: mission aborted.the supersonic descent could happen as early as sund

17、a.the weather plays an important role in this mission. starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. the balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere)

18、 where our day-to-day weather lives. it will climb higher than the tip of mount everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. as he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause)

19、,e can expect a lot of turbulence.the balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( then, i would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an olympic diving platform.below, the earth becomes the concrete bottom of a swimming pool that he wants to land on, but not

20、too hard. still, hell be traveling fast, so despite the distance, it will not be like diving into the deep end of a pool. it will be like he is diving into the shallow end.skydiver preps for the big jumpwhen he jumps, he is expected to reach the speed of sound - 690 mph (1,110 kph) - in less than 40 seconds. like hitting the top of the water, he will begin to slow as he approaches the more dense air closer to earth. but this will not be enough to stop him completely.if h