3271.中西國(guó)家婚禮文化差異的比較

1、分類號(hào) 密級(jí) udc 畢 業(yè) 論 文the comparison of differences inwedding culture betweenchina and western countries中西國(guó)家婚禮文化差異的比較學(xué)生姓名 學(xué)號(hào) 指導(dǎo)教師 系（部） 外語(yǔ)系 專業(yè)年級(jí) 2006級(jí)英語(yǔ) 論文答辯日期 年 月 日 中 國(guó) 大 學(xué) the comparison of differences inwedding culture between china and western countries中西國(guó)家婚禮文化差異的比較完成日期： 指導(dǎo)教師簽字： 答辯小組成員簽字： acknowledge

2、mentsi would like to express my gratitude to all those who have helped me during the writing of this thesis.first, my deepest gratitude goes first and foremost to miss yang, my supervisor, for her constant encouragement and guidance. she has walked me through all the stages of the writing of this pa

3、per. without her consistent and illuminating instruction, this paper could not have reached its present form.second, i feel grateful to all the teachers in the university of china qingdao college who once offered me valuable courses and advice during my study. my sincere thanks are also given to my

4、instructor han, who helped me come over many difficulties. i am also greatly indebted to the professors and teachers at the department of english.last my thanks would go to my beloved family for their loving considerations and great confidence in me all through these years. i also owe my sincere gra

5、titude to my friends and my fellow classmates who gave me their help and time in listening to me and helping me work out my problems during the difficult course of the paper.摘 要本文著重探討中國(guó)和西方國(guó)家婚禮的文化差異?；趯?duì)兩種不同文明之間存在著不同文化的比較，找出產(chǎn)生這種差異的原因和歷史背景，諸如價(jià)值取向、宗教觀點(diǎn)、行為規(guī)范等等。由于全球融合趨勢(shì)的影響，許多分歧阻礙了人們的交流與融合。 因此我們必須首先了解不同的文化

6、，然后我們才能找到解答，并且婚姻是社會(huì)生活的重要組成部分，因此我們可以以婚禮文化為突破口，來(lái)分析各種阻礙全球化的因素和原因，從而我們可以采取措施減少這種趨勢(shì)給我們帶來(lái)的負(fù)面影響，如改進(jìn)教學(xué)方法、重點(diǎn)發(fā)展學(xué)生的非語(yǔ)言交流能力、加大中國(guó)和西方文化融合等等。而減少這種差距，對(duì)中西方來(lái)說(shuō)都有重大意義。在第一章中，首先對(duì)中西方關(guān)于婚禮文化的研究做了總體的介紹和相關(guān)的討論，并且闡述了中西方婚禮文化產(chǎn)生的原因和形成條件的研究以及相關(guān)理論。加在第二章中，分別論述了中國(guó)婚禮文化和西方婚禮文化。在這一章中，以?shī)W地利、西歐、北美等為例，簡(jiǎn)述了西方國(guó)家婚禮文化的特色和詳細(xì)論述了中西方婚禮文化中的基本習(xí)俗，指出兩種文化

7、有很大的不同，為下文的論述做了鋪墊。在第三章中，繼續(xù)針對(duì)中西方婚禮文化的差異，討論存在差異的原因。主要有價(jià)值取向、宗教觀點(diǎn)、行為規(guī)范等等，從而引出應(yīng)該針對(duì)這種差異，在教育和體制多方面加以調(diào)節(jié)。在在第四章中，提出減少這種差異的措施，如改進(jìn)教學(xué)方法、重點(diǎn)發(fā)展學(xué)生的非語(yǔ)言交流能力、加大中國(guó)和西方文化融合等等。最后第五章對(duì)全文進(jìn)行了概括總結(jié)。關(guān)鍵詞：婚禮文化; 中西文化差異；原因; 采取措施the comparison of differences in weddingculture between china and western countriesabstractthis paper is to

8、 explore the differences in wedding culture between china and western countries. based on the comparison of the different cultures existing between them, i will find out the interior factors and the reasons that produce such historical background. there are many aspects such as value orientation, re

9、ligious views and behavior standards. because there are many differences, and we all know that the trend of globalization becomes shaper today, and the globalization is important to our countrys economy, development and peoples life level. but these differences prevent the globalization and peoples

10、communication and mixture. so we must understand the different cultures first, then we can find the solutions. as marriage is an important part of social life, so we can consider the wedding culture as a breakthrough point, and then analyze the different factors and reasons that prevent globalizatio

11、n. we can adopt many measures to reduce the disparity, such as improving teaching methods, emphasizing on students non-verbal communication ability, changing teachers way of thinking, blending of chinese and western culture and so on. the above all may bring great significant values to both the west

12、 and the east countries.in chapter one, a general introduction of the chinese and western wedding cultures research is offered, and then the reasons that cause the difference of wedding ceremony culture is discussed, and the researches of forming the condition as well as the correlation theories are

13、 offered.in chapter two, the chinese wedding ceremony culture and the western wedding ceremony culture are separately offered. in this chapter, take australia, western europe, and north america as the example to summarize the characteristic of the western country wedding ceremony culture and elabora

14、te the western wedding ceremony culture in detail, and point out that two cultures have great difference, which has made the upholstery for as follows elaboration.in chapter three, as the point of the west wedding ceremony culture difference, the existence difference reasons are discussed, thus draw

15、s out the conclusion that one should aim at this kind of differences to adjust the educating and the system.in chapter four, the measures that reduce this kind of difference are proposed, which like to improve teaching method, to prioritize students non-language exchange ability, to enlarge chinese

16、and western culture fusion and so on.finally, chapter five gives a conclusion of the whole thesis. key words: wedding cultures; cultural difference; main reasons; measures0contentschapter 1 introduction11.1 a general introduction of the chinese and western wedding cultures research.11.2 the western

17、theories of the reasons of the differences between west and east cultures.21.3 the chinese theories of the reasons.31.4 the importance of understanding cultural differences.3chapter 2 the discussion about chinese and western wedding culture and some examples42.1 chinese wedding cultures42.1.1 three

18、letters42.1.2 six etiquettes42.2 western wedding cultures52.2.1 austrian wedding cultures62.2.2 north american wedding cultures62.2.3 western european wedding cultures7chapter 3 the reasons of differences83.1 social system83.2 thinking pattern83.3 value orientation93.4 behavior standards93.5 religio

19、us views10chapter 4 the measures of solving problems114.1 the importance of taking measures to decrease the gap between chinese and western culture.114.2 the measures of solving the problem114.2.1 blending of chinese and western culture114.2.2 changing teachers way of thinking114.2.3 improving teach

20、ing methods124.2.4 emphasizing on students non-verbal communication ability124.2.5 guiding students to extensive contact with western culture materials12chapter 5 conclusion14bibliography16the comparison of differences in wedding culture between china and western countriesthe comparison of differenc

21、es in wedding culture between china and western countrieschapter 1 introduction1.1 a general introduction of the chinese and western wedding cultures research.it is well known that the world today is trending towards globalization, and the development of relations among different countries become mo

22、re interlinked. while the marriage that as one kind of important trans-culture form causing this kind of world tendency become more complex, marriage is formed in a long historical evolution of the marriage cultures in a nation. marriage is the first human relation since ancient times；we can get a c

23、learer understanding of the human history，and explore the development of human societys basic law through the intricate and beautiful wedding. as chinas reform and opening up and economic construction, the western society developed rapidly, more and more international communications take place today

24、. in this case, the communication between countries is also increasing, which provides us with a lot of opportunities for exchanges and contacts with foreigners. but in such a world that economics, the culture develops rapidly, various scholars has wide divided opinions about how the marital culture

25、s difference is formed.first, jia yuxin in his book intercultural communication research interpreted that the culture is the combination of the peoples thoughts, behaviors, perception and words. he believed that the different national ecology or the natural environment may create its unique culture

26、and mold their own cultural pattern.second, the famous philosopher karl jaspers, in his book, the origin and goal of history, presented to axial age. he said that at the turn of these centuries in 600 bc to ad, the great civilizations of mankind spontaneously have a fundamental change, which is call

27、ed a deep breath between the two historical eras. he thought that the deep breathing is the meaning of the three great civilizations: one is the western civilization; an indian civilization; one of chinas civilizations. (karl jaspers. 1989). experienced the axial age”, east and west toward the two c

28、ompletely different directions.third, the united states cross-cultural studies scholar samo wa proposed that to solve the cultural conflict in cross-cultural communication of non-verbal communication is to bear in mind the meaning of three principles in understanding other cultures in the non-verbal

29、 communicative act. first, note that one in the performance of a non-verbal behavior can not forget that the actual interactions are often a variety of non-verbal behaviors with the action; second, no one can list and describe all the non-verbal behavior. however, in cross-cultural communication env

30、ironment, if we can understand some common information of non-verbal behavior properly, we can get the right information and we can have a general understanding; thirdly, in order to understand non-verbal behavior of other cultures, we should first understand the other cultures non-verbal behavior.f

31、ourth, dodd, an expert in cross-cultural communication, with respect to cross-cultural marriage as a breakthrough in cross-cultural communication and he gives a more systematic and persuasive exploration. he recognized the relation exist in cross-cultural marriage and culture-related phenomena.these

32、 are the various opinions about the differences between chinese and western wedding cultures. so we can get the cross-cultural marriage as a breakthrough point and focus on cross-cultural communication, to discuss the importance to achieve a good cross-cultural approach and then conclude the methods

33、 to reduce differences and these methods in the english language communication and the important role in teaching.1.2 the western theories of the reasons of the differences between west and east cultures.first, at first half of 20th century, german renowned philosopher karl jaspers proposed a very i

34、mportant concept of cultural science in the origin and goal of history, which had offered the concept of “axial age”. he thought after having experienced “axial age”, china and the west culture turns toward two completely different directions. this caused china and the west to be very greatly differ

35、ent in the cultural domain.second, as to the western culture theory, there is the individual principle and the collectivism theory. such as hofstedes cultural value dimension theory, kluckhohn and the strodtbecks values orientation theory as well as the parsons pattern variable theory.third is the t

36、rans-culture human relations theory. the communication master w banay, w. barnett pearce and vernon crones put forward this theory. they thought that the human relations process receives restriction and the instruction; therefore, the rule has the important status in this theory.fourth, trans-cultur

37、e human relations scholar dodd gives more systematic and the convincing exploration regarding the trans-culture marriage as the trans-culture human relations breach, and he realized that in the trans-culture marriage exists the cultural related phenomenon and the role it played.1.3 the chinese theor

38、ies of the reasons.and as to chinese researchers studies, first, in the chinese character, the animal bones and tortoise shells has the inscription of “the culture”. the original meaning of “culture” is the pattern or the texture.second, in ancient times, the song bright neo-confucianism emphasized

39、the three cardinal ethical relationships of the social order and the five constant virtues and three rules understanding cultural differences must be obeyed and the four feminine virtues, which were used to ensure the patriarchal family stable, and to maintain father-right.third, liyi is the first b

40、ook that recorded wedding cultures in china. it said “six etiquettes conclude requesting for marrying the bride, requesting for bride and grooms birth dates, giving initial gifts for the brides family, giving formal gifts for the brides family, selecting the wedding date and holding wedding ceremony

41、.”1.4 the importance of understanding cultural differences.understanding cultural differences is very important. since there is such a big difference between eastern and western cultures, understanding cultural differences between china and west countries will help foster cross-cultural communicativ

42、e competence and then better serve the spread of english, wide communication and improve teaching services. but this is not a simple matter, many chinese people who know about the west as part of etiquette have basically an overview of teachers from the classroom, but it is far from enough. and what

43、 is more, the teaching of english in universities are placed emphasis on imparting knowledge of the language at the expense of cross-cultural communication abilities. therefore, to explore the basis of cultural differences is good for the elimination of existing barriers in cross-cultural communicat

44、ion and we can take measures to reduce the inclination.chapter 2 the discussion about chinese and western wedding culture and some examples2.1 chinese wedding culturesin chinese legend，the fatherly god-in-the-moonlight ties red string around the ankles of the man and woman who are supposed to be hus

45、band and wife someday. thus, no matter how far apart they are，they will eventually get married.in china，people think that the wedding process includes three letters and six etiquettesto control the marriage, the family and the whole society, since the beginning of zhou dynasty, chinese marriage shou

46、ld comply with six procedures, which is the so-called six etiquettes. and later in tang and ming dynasty in china, marriage also complied with the six etiquettes. as time goes by, although many wedding customs experienced various changes six etiquettes as the basic pattern has not changed much. it i

47、s still essential and core in wedding culture. three letters conclude request letter, gift letter and wedding letter.2.1.1 three lettersin the traditional china，all communication was through formal letters. therefore，three letters play an important role in the wedding mattersnow, we can discuss them

48、 one by one.first, request letter. this letter confirms the formal arrangement of a marriageit is usually sent by the grooms family to the brides familythis letter is the initial gifts for the brides familysecond, gift letter. traditionally, this letter accompanies the formal gift for the brides fam

49、ily. actually the gift letter is a gift list that records the description and quantity of the giftsthird, wedding letter. this letter is sent to the brides family on the day of the weddingit confirms the act of bringing the bride into the grooms family2.1.2 six etiquettesthe chinese word for etiquet

50、te can mean both customs and giftsthe following customs are known as the six etiquettes. six etiquettes conclude requesting for marrying the bride, requesting for bride and grooms birth dates, giving initial gifts for the brides family, giving formal gifts for the brides family, selecting the weddin

51、g date and holding wedding ceremony.first, requesting for marrying the bride. the groom finds a pro-male matchmaker to communicate with the womans family. if the girl agreed to proposed marriage, the groom prepared to go the brides home to seek a marriage alliance. both sides will negotiate certain

52、terms. if the negotiation can succeed，both families will proceed to the next stepsecond, requesting for bride and grooms birth dates. this is the second step in arranging a wedding. if they can complete succeed on the previous step, the grooms family will ask for the brides “eight characters of a ho

53、roscope” through the spokeswoman. after obtaining the” eight letters” of the both sides, a fortune-telling person will be hired to determine whether they match each other wellif their” eight letters “can match very well or there is nothing wrong with the brides “eight letters”, the grooms family wil

54、l proceed to the next stepthird, giving initial gifts for the brides family. if the potential brides birth date is accepted by the grooms family，they will request the spokeswoman to send some initial gifts accompanied by the gift letterfourth, formal gifts for the brides family. the grooms family wi

55、ll pick a good day and send the brides family the bridal cash, gifts, cakes and many food and sacrifices for worshiping the ancestors. this action shows the marriage agreement between the two familiesthe thing they can do now is to select a good day for wedding.fifth, selecting the wedding date. whi

56、le after sending gifts, the grooms parents select a proper date and go to the brides home and get the brides consent.sixth, holding a wedding ceremony. on the wedding day，both the bride and the grooms house will be decorated in redthe grooms friends or relatives to the brides family to bring the bride to new housewhen the bride has been brought back to the family, there will be a procession of servants，musicians and a c