外文翻譯古典園林與現(xiàn)代公園

1、古典園林與現(xiàn)代公園運(yùn)用比較學(xué)的方式，在基于中國傳統(tǒng)文化及美學(xué)思想建立的頤和園與基于現(xiàn)代消費(fèi)文化的主題游樂公園-歡樂谷之間進(jìn)行比較。分別對其背后的文化動(dòng)機(jī)和經(jīng)濟(jì)動(dòng)機(jī)進(jìn)行比較和分析，以及其藝術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)表現(xiàn)方式的不同，和審美意趣的不同進(jìn)行對比，深入探討在兩種文化背景下產(chǎn)生的景觀設(shè)計(jì)方式的不同之處。在經(jīng)典文化與哲學(xué)消解的20世紀(jì)末乃至21世紀(jì)初，世界各地的景觀設(shè)計(jì)界興起一股建設(shè)主題游樂園的旋風(fēng)，本文則是以對于這種社會(huì)文化現(xiàn)象的觀察體驗(yàn)以及分析，從審美文化這一角度切入，對這種文化事實(shí)進(jìn)行剖析。對其背后的文化原因進(jìn)行論證和話題的展開，來求證主題游樂園其背后的文化成因以及審美傾向，以及其在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)背景經(jīng)營運(yùn)作中

2、所具有的典型的現(xiàn)代景觀特質(zhì)。眾所周知，在北京城內(nèi)有兩處園區(qū)非常受人歡迎，頤和園與北京歡樂谷。它們可能是北京市內(nèi)人氣最好的兩處園區(qū)，其各具千秋的景觀特點(diǎn)與各有特色的經(jīng)營方式均使各自在一年四季內(nèi)均人流如織。從景觀的視角如何去看待這兩處園林？筆者重點(diǎn)從兩個(gè)園林的設(shè)計(jì)手法以及背后的美學(xué)思想來進(jìn)行分析。首先，從頤和園來進(jìn)行分析，頤和園是我國古代藝術(shù)家們將自然之美和建筑藝術(shù)融通、匯合，使之達(dá)到“天人合一”的中國美學(xué)最高境界的一件驚世之作。頤和園雖然是人工園林，但宛若天成，其建筑因高就勢，憑流借遠(yuǎn)，“巧于因借，精在體宜”，將歷代御苑之長處、南北私園之精華、名山大寺之佳境融合一體，可謂集天下園林之大成。頤和園

3、之前山前湖宮闕巍峨，湖光瑤碧，大開大合，氣勢磅礴。總體上看，頤和園既保留了我國歷代皇家御苑的傳統(tǒng)內(nèi)容，如“一池三山”的理水方式，又與其他園林的“平面布局，散點(diǎn)造景”的特點(diǎn)迥然有別。在疊石堆山、植花藝林、筑殿置閣上采用突出一個(gè)中心、總攬全局的手法，使全園主賓分明。無論從整體的園林布局還是從細(xì)部的匠心獨(dú)運(yùn)，都可以看到頤和園這樣一個(gè)園林其背后渾厚寧靜的中國文化以及其審美理想，對于世外仙境的幻化和對于設(shè)計(jì)手法的高度冼煉，是一個(gè)非常經(jīng)典的古典主義園林，其精神意趣直指個(gè)人內(nèi)心，彰顯皇家氣度，兼具文人情懷。其次，從歡樂谷的案例分析，北京歡樂谷位于北京市朝陽區(qū)東四環(huán)四方橋東南角，占地面積56萬平方米，于200

4、6年7月落成開放，是目前國內(nèi)投資最高、面積最大、最為國際化現(xiàn)代化的主題公園，是一處為了滿足大眾多樣化休閑娛樂需求而建造的一種具有獨(dú)特創(chuàng)意的文化體驗(yàn)和時(shí)尚旅游項(xiàng)目，它以“動(dòng)感、時(shí)尚、歡樂、夢幻”的娛樂個(gè)性，集海、陸、空三棲游樂于一身，融日、夜兩重娛樂于一體，是北京體驗(yàn)旅游的重要標(biāo)志。北京歡樂谷精選世界經(jīng)典文明和創(chuàng)意智慧，精心設(shè)置了50余項(xiàng)主題景觀、10余項(xiàng)主題表演、30多項(xiàng)主題游樂設(shè)施、20余項(xiàng)主題游戲及商業(yè)輔助設(shè)施，營造了一個(gè)神秘、夢幻的世界。全園共分六大主題區(qū)：峽灣森林、亞特蘭蒂斯、愛琴港、失落瑪雅、香格里拉、螞蟻王國。其中，愛琴港主題區(qū)及奧林匹亞體驗(yàn)展館，是呼應(yīng)2008年北京奧運(yùn)專門規(guī)劃建

5、設(shè)的，屆時(shí)，北京歡樂谷將成為北京人文奧運(yùn)的重要組成部分，成為展示新北京、新奧運(yùn)的重要窗口和名片。北京歡樂谷是家庭旅游的首選之地，是學(xué)生名副其實(shí)的開心課堂，是青年人娛樂的開心地，是企業(yè)文化活動(dòng)的絕好場所，是所有人的歡樂王國。擁有30多萬平方米的綠化、8萬平方米的湖面賦予歡樂谷良好的生態(tài)環(huán)境；六大主題區(qū)域賦予歡樂谷獨(dú)特的人文氣質(zhì)；國際國內(nèi)雙重標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的安全檢測、人性化的服務(wù)配套和智能化的全園信息系統(tǒng)賦予歡樂谷世界一流的品質(zhì)；國際頂尖的游樂設(shè)施、國際金獎(jiǎng)的演藝實(shí)力賦予歡樂谷領(lǐng)先世界的高度。由此可見，歡樂谷作為一個(gè)娛樂為主的主題公園，是以各種世界文明的縮影板作為藍(lán)本來進(jìn)行規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)的，而吸引公眾參與的方式則

6、是以冒險(xiǎn)刺激為主體的娛樂設(shè)施，而其中景觀也都是以塑造各種漫畫版的文明形象作為其主調(diào)，其針對客戶群主要為15-35的青年人群。等等諸多問題是我們可以清晰的看到其與頤和園等中國傳統(tǒng)的古典園林無論從造園的動(dòng)機(jī)，其景觀表現(xiàn)的手法，景觀形象的易趣，以及對于人精神層面的反思等等方面已有很大不同。其實(shí)這并不是一個(gè)孤獨(dú)的例子來進(jìn)行比較，我們可以清晰的看到在時(shí)光車輪行至21世紀(jì)的今天，中國社會(huì)在經(jīng)歷了改革開放30年經(jīng)濟(jì)迅猛發(fā)展以后，人們生活的周圍出現(xiàn)很多與世界各種文化相互接軌的景象，非常突出的一個(gè)現(xiàn)象就是在我們的城市里發(fā)展出各種不同的主題公園，如雨后春筍般迅速成長起來，其中最為典型的就是迪斯尼與歡樂谷式的主題樂

7、園。這樣一種以刺激感官和身體，娛樂至上的主題公園在各個(gè)城市這樣迅猛的被繁衍復(fù)制，其背后必然存在著生命力極為強(qiáng)勁的文化系統(tǒng)與審美體系。那么這些體系又是如何生長、發(fā)育，乃至其具體形式表現(xiàn)為何？首先本文認(rèn)為，主題公園這種景觀一定基于某種文化載體，該公園只是此文化的一種物質(zhì)化的載體，那么其背后的文化原因是指得去研究和深思的。所以剝繭抽絲，當(dāng)從整體社會(huì)文化分析入手，不難看出，經(jīng)典文化與哲學(xué)消解的20世紀(jì)末乃至21世紀(jì)初，主題公園大都與影視，動(dòng)漫等新興的傳媒載體所傳達(dá)的圖像信息有著非常密切的姻親關(guān)系。由同隨著電子信息技術(shù)與傳媒技術(shù)的迅速發(fā)展，文化工業(yè)在近一個(gè)世紀(jì)以來的發(fā)達(dá)國家中蓬勃壯大已是不爭的事實(shí)。文化

8、工業(yè)利用大眾傳媒制造身體幻象、提供游戲化的心理經(jīng)驗(yàn)、克服認(rèn)同焦慮，使更廣泛意義上的大眾充實(shí)了文化生活；它也許是趨時(shí)的、媚俗的，但是它卻為文化消費(fèi)者欣然接受。所以，消費(fèi)社會(huì)中大眾文化的發(fā)達(dá)是必然的。而且以身體娛樂，刺激感官的這種文化體系正在非?？斓乃俣仍诎l(fā)育，這種現(xiàn)象在我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪腥找嫫占暗那嗌倌暧螒蛭幕械靡苑浅Ｃ黠@的體現(xiàn)。 由以上粗略的比較可以看出，這兩所園林雖同處北京城，但是因?yàn)槠浣ㄔ炷甏?、建造?dòng)機(jī)、建造材料、審美取向、文化背景等等方面的不同，這兩個(gè)園林有著非常不同外在形象和內(nèi)在氣質(zhì)。可以看到各個(gè)方面局傳達(dá)出不同的文化質(zhì)感，以及其衍生出來的多樣化的景觀形態(tài)。在此，我們無意以這樣的比較去定

9、義孰好孰壞，只是將兩種相差極大的景觀樣式并陳，分別從其的背后文化成因進(jìn)行簡單的分析，由此可以看到審美傾向與整體社會(huì)哲學(xué)非常之密切的關(guān)系，以及與之衍生出來的文化產(chǎn)品非常緊密的姻親關(guān)系。那么，從這一點(diǎn)看來，社會(huì)文化之于景觀之重要，無論從景觀的成因，或者從景觀設(shè)計(jì)理念以及景觀具體設(shè)計(jì)的手段都有著非常重要的指引作用。反過來看，景觀亦同時(shí)以物化的方式來反映整個(gè)世界，或者說能準(zhǔn)確反映當(dāng)代的文化，影視等其他門類藝術(shù)的方式來呈現(xiàn)。相信隨著網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳媒技術(shù)的不斷更新和圖像表現(xiàn)手段日益完善，將會(huì)產(chǎn)生更多的新的藝術(shù)形式，也會(huì)衍生不同的審美思想與文化思潮，那么景觀也必將發(fā)展出新的形式。園林200703班：孟娜classi

10、c landscape and modern parkusing comparative study- way, based on traditional chinese culture and aesthetics of the summer palace and based on modern consumer culture theme amusement park happy valley comparison, the culture behind respectively on the motive and economic incentives for comparison an

11、d analysis, and its artistic design expression, and different ways of different aesthetic interest in comparison, the paper probes two cultural background of the landscape design way differences. in classic culture and philosophy of digestion of the 20th century and even the early 21st century, the

12、landscape design world raised a share whirlwind of construction of theme parks, this article is for this kind of social cultural phenomenon of observation and analysis from experience, the perspective of aesthetic culture, analyzes on the cultural facts. the culture of the reasons behind argumentati

13、on and topic development, by making theme parks behind the cultural causes and aesthetic tendency, and its operation in modern social background is a typical modern landscape characteristics. as is known to all, two parks are very popular with beijing, the summer palace an-d happy valley. they may b

14、e the best of beijing city popularity in two parks, with all the landscape characteristics and the thousand features all to their way of business within in four seasons are poured theatre. from the perspective of landscape , how to think the two landscape? the author mainly from two garden design te

15、chnique and the aesthetic thoughts behind for analysis. first, from the summer palace for analysis, the summer palace in our country ancient artists will be natural beauty and architecture art, accommodation, rendezvous, so as to meet the nature and humanity chinese aesthetic the highest level of on

16、e surprised works. the summer palace though is artificially garden, but like tian cheng, its building by flow because of high lying, borrow far, qiao ”in borrowing, precision in body appropriate, will yuyuan of strengths and north and south in the essence of private garden of the abbey, mountains, i

17、t sets a defence fusion the gardens of the tales. the summer palace! in the lake before, lake majestic mountain lakes and dakaidage, furnace; ever-r-oaring reckoned after practice, qujian acquisitive desire element lake, small feeling small flow incense on yousui, enchanting. in general speaking, th

18、e summer palace is retained in the past dynasties and the royal yuyuan traditional content, such as a pool three mountain, and richard water means with other garden layout, the characteristics of landscape scatterplot nowadays. the cascade mountains, plant flowers heap art circles, built by prominen

19、t on the house for cabinet overarching one center, the gimmick, make the guest, a trenchant, promenading up on high, the wind of the reigns of kings. meanwhile in the summer palace with couplets are everywhere in such as interest presentation, is the whoe point more deeply into vince garden artistic

20、 conception of creation, quiet wonderful quite poetry is painting, painting with poems in style. no matter from the overall landscape layout or from the details of alone, can see the summer palace such a garden behind the vigorous quiet chinese culture and its aesthetic ideal fairyland for extraterr

21、estrial unreal and the height of for design gimmick xianlian, is a very classic of classical garden, its spirit heart, to reveal personal story pointed to the royal bearing, hold concurrently literati feelings. secondly, from happy valley of case studies, happy valley beijing is located in beijing c

22、haoyang district southeast, covers an area of 56 million square meters, inaugurate-d in july 2006, is the present domestic investment open largest area, the highest, most international modern theme park, is a place to meet peoples diverse leisure demand has built a cultural experience and unique cre

23、ative tourist project, it with fashion dynamic, fashion, joy, dream entertainment personality, set the sea, land, empty three amusement in a body, melts habitat day, night literary entertainment at an organic whole, is an important symbol of beijing experience tourism. happy valley beijing selected

24、world classic civilization and creative wisdom, carefully set up 50 items theme landscape, more than 10 items theme performance, more than 30 theme amusement facilities, more than 20 research topics games and commercial auxiliary facilities, create a mystery, dream world. the park is divided into si

25、x topic area: fjord forest, atlantis, aegean port, lost maya, shangri-la, ants kingdom. among them, the aegean port topic area and olympia experience center, is echo for the 2008 olympics in beijing, and special construction planning, happy valley beijing will become the beijing olympics, become an

26、important part of the show the new beijing, an important window and new olympics card. happy valley beijing is the land of choice for family travel and is the student class, is worthy of the happy young entertainment, is the enterprise cultural activities of the great place, it is the joy of all the

27、 kingdom. with more than 300,000 square meters of green, 8 million square meters of the lake gave happy valley good ecological environment; six regional gave happy valley theme the unique cultural temperament; international and domestic double standard safety testig and humanized service facilities

28、and intelligent and the information systems endow happy valley world first-class quality; international top amusement facilities, international gold prize acting position gives happy valley leading level. thus, happy valley as an entertainment primarily theme park, is the epitome of boar-d of world

29、civilization being driven by the planning design, and to attract the public participation is the way for the main risk stimulation of recreation facilities, but also are shaping landscape of comic version of civilized image as its advocate tone, its main for customer base for 15-35 young crowd. and

30、so on many problems is we can clearly see that its and the summer palace, etc the traditional chinese classical garden from gardening whatever the motivation, the landscape performance of tactics, landscape image for people, and ebay reflection of spiritual level, etc.) have very different. in fact

31、this is not a lonely example to compare, we can see clearly that the 21st century in time the wheels step today, chinese society has experienced 30 years of reform and opening-up, economic rapid development of peoples life after around the world there are many and various cultural convergence of eac

32、h other in landscape design industry scene, a phenomenon, very prominent is in the city to develop an all sorts of different theme park, springing up rapidly growing up, one of the most typical is disney and happy valley type theme park. such a to stimulae the senses and the body, entertainment firs

33、t theme park in different cities such rapid was breeding copying, behind the inevitable existence very robust with vitality cultural system and aesthetic system. so how these systems, growth, development, and its specific are form? firstly this paper thinks, theme park this landscape must be based o

34、n some kind of cultural carrier, this park is just a materialization of this cultural carrier of the culture be-hind, so its reason is refers to have to research and deeply. so, when wo strip cocoons from the whole society culture analysis, see not hard, classic culture and philosophy of digestion o

35、f the 20th century and even the early 21st century, theme park with film, animation, etc most emerging media carrier of image information conveyed by marriage relationship has very close. by the same as electronic information technology and media technology, the traditional culture of the rapid deve

36、lopment of the cultural industry, fade i-n nearly a century of developed countries already flourish strengthen is the fact that doe-s not dispute. using mass media culture industry body illusion, provide game made the psychological experience, overcome identity anxiety, make more widely in the sense

37、 of mass enrich the cultural life; it may be smart, vulgar, but its for cultural consumers accept. so, consumer society of popular culture developed is inevitable. and in the body, stimulate the senses the entertainment culture system is a very fast speed, this kind of phenomenon in development in our daily life the growing popularity of youth game culture to the embodiment of the very obvious. by above rough comparison shows, the two gardens in beijing, but though because with the built it, and build motivation, constructio materials, aesthetic orientation, cultural background and so on