中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法之狀語(yǔ)從句講解及練習(xí)

1、專(zhuān)題五 狀語(yǔ)從句概念：狀語(yǔ)從句在句中作狀語(yǔ)分為：時(shí)間、條件、讓步、原因、目的、結(jié)果、比較、地點(diǎn)、方式。一、 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有：when, as, while, until, notuntil, before, after, since, the minute, the moment, each( every, next, the first) time等。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中一般用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)。1 when , while, as 都可解釋為“當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候”但側(cè)重點(diǎn)有所不同。1) when eg: when i arrived home , i had a little r

2、est.注意：when 從句的主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)相同，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是be 動(dòng)詞時(shí)，從句主語(yǔ)和be可以省略。eg: when (she was) walking along the street, she met her class teacher.2) asas 除了表示“當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候”，還可表示為“一面一面”，“隨著”eg: he sang as he danced.(一面一面) you will grow wiser as you grow older.(隨著)3) while表示“當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候”強(qiáng)調(diào)主句的動(dòng)作和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，從句一般用進(jìn)行時(shí)，從句動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。eg: while we we

3、re working, they were having a rest. while (they were) having a discussion, they got very confused.注意：while 還有 “然而”的意思。eg: i prefer black tea, while he likes coffee.2 until, notuntil “直到才”,在肯定句中主句常用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞；在否定句中主句常用短暫性動(dòng)詞?？隙ň洌篿 waited until midnight.否定句：i did not leave until midnight.注意：1）not until在句首，

4、主句用倒裝eg: not until you had explained how did i manage to do it.2) it is not untilthat引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句it was not until it was dark that he came back.3. the minute, the moment, each time 表示“一就”eg: the worker recognized the type of the machine the moment he saw it.4. hardly/scarcelywhen, no soonerthan, as soon a

5、s表示為“一就”eg: i had hardly/scarcely got home when it began to rain. i had no sooner got home than it began to rain. it began to rain as soon as i got home.注意：hardly/scarcelywhen, no soonerthan位于句首，主句用倒裝eg: had i hardly/scarcely got home when it began to rain. no sooner had i got home than it began to

6、rain.5. by the time + 狀從（過(guò)去時(shí)），主句（過(guò)去完成時(shí)）by the time + 狀從 （現(xiàn)在時(shí)），主句（將來(lái)完成時(shí)）by the time she came back, all the guest had left.by the time the class is over, we will have finished learning the whole passage.練習(xí)題1. it was quiet _ those big trucks started coming through the town.a. before b. after c. until d

7、. unless2. it seemed only seconds _ the boy finished washing his face.a. when b. before c. after d. even if3. hardly had he reached the school gate _ the bell rang.a. while b. when c. as d. as soon as4.we were told that we should follow the main road _ we reached the central railway station.a. whene

8、ver b. until c. while d. wherever5. i recognized you _ i saw you at the airport.a. the moment b. while c. after d. once6. he was about to go to bed _ the doorbell rang.a. while b. as c. before d. when7._i listen to your advice, i get into trouble.a. every time b. when c. while d. until8. _ john was

9、watching tv, his wife was cooking.a. as b. as soon as c. while d. till9. the children ran away from the orchard(果園) _ they saw the guard.a. the moment b. after c. before d. as10. no sooner had i arrived home _ it began to rain.a. when b. while c. as d. than11. several weeks had gone by _ i realized

10、the painting was missing.a. as b. before c. since d. when12. it _ long before we _ the result of the experiment.a. will not be; will know b. is; will know c. will not be ; know d. is; know13. what was the party like? -wonderful. its years _ i enjoyed myself so much.a. after b. before c. when d. sinc

11、e14. the new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she_.a. will arrive b. arrives c. is going to arrive d. is arriving15. _ got into the room _ the telephone rang.a. he hardly had; then b. hardly had he; when c. he had not; then d. not had he; when二. 條件狀語(yǔ)從句1. 概念：條件狀語(yǔ)從句，即在某種條件下，一件

12、事情可能發(fā)生。2.條件狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞1).if if you ask him，he will help you if you fail in the exam，you will let him down2).unless （if .not.）you will fail to arrive there in time unless you start earlier.unless it rains, the game will be played.3).so/as long as you may borrow my book as long as you keep it clean. 4) p

13、rovided/providing (that), on condition thati shall give you the book on condition that you return it tomorrow.i will go provided that you go too.3關(guān)于條件句的時(shí)態(tài)，常見(jiàn)的有以下三種情況： 1、主將從現(xiàn)when i grow up, ill be a nurse and look after patients. 2、如果主句是祈使句，那么從句通常要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 if you want to have a chat ,call me up.3、如果主句

14、是含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，根據(jù)需要從句多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。you should be quiet when you are in the reading room. 練習(xí)題1. if you _ to the party, youll have a great time. a. will go b. went c. go d. going2. it will be a long time _ peter _ his work. a. since, has finished b. after, finishes c. when, will finish d. before, finishes.3. what

15、 will father bring us, _he comes from china.a. if b.when c. as long as d.untill 4. if wang fang _me, _me at once.a. need,tell b.needs,telling c.need,telling d.needs,tell5i _ her the answer if she _me. a. can tell, will ask b. will tell, will ask c. would tell, ask d. will tell, asks6. what are you g

16、oing to do tomorrow?-well go to the library tomorrow if it _. a. isnt rain b. rain c. wont rain d. doesnt rain7.do you know when he will come back tomorrow?-sorry, i dont know. when he _ back, ill tell you. a. comes b. will come c. come d. may come 8. what will you do if you _ to the old folks home

17、visit?a. go b. went c.going d. will go9. _i eat much food, ill be very fat.a. although b. if c. while d. because10. ill not give the book to him_ he will come here next sunday.a. if b. as long as c. though d. unless11. there _an english film in our school tomorrow.a. is going to have b. will have c.

18、 is going to be d. has12. could you tell us where _？a. will the next olympic games held b. the next olympic games will be heldc. would the next olympic games be held d. the next olympic games would be held13. when my mother returned last night, i _ a book. a. read b. am reading c. was reading d. am

19、going to read14.what _ you _ when it began to rain?a. do, do b. were, doing c. are, doing d. did, do15. ill wake you up when he _back.a. will b. is going to come c. comes d. come三讓步狀語(yǔ)從句1.概念：一般翻譯為“盡管即使”就是我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪杏玫摹巴艘徊秸f(shuō)”的感覺(jué)。2.引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有：though, although, even if/ though, however, no matter how, no m

20、atter what, no matter who等。（1）though, although表示“雖然，縱然”之意。這兩個(gè)連詞意思大致相同，在一般情況下可以互換使用，都可與yet, still或nevertheless連用，但不能與but連用。although/though he was worn out, (still) he kept on working.although/though he is very old, (yet) he is quite strong. 注意：though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句還可位于主句主句之后。she passed the examination thou

21、gh she had not studied very hard. （2）as 表示“雖然但是”，“縱使”之意。as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句必須以部分倒裝的形式出現(xiàn)，though間或也用于這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)中，但although不可以這樣用。object as/ though you may, ill go.(=though/although you may object, ill go.) hard as/ though he works, he makes little progress. (=though he works hard, he makes little progress.)child a

22、s/though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.（=though he was a child, he knew what was the right thing to do.）（3）even if, even though 表示“即使”，“縱使”之意。意思基本相同,?？苫Q使用，但意義有細(xì)微差別。even if引導(dǎo)的讓步從句含有強(qiáng)烈的假定性，而even though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，是以從句的內(nèi)容為先決條件的。well make a trip even if/though the weather is bad.even if

23、he is poor, she loves him. (=he may be poor, yet she loves him.)even though he is poor, she loves him. (=he is poor, yet she loves him.)（4）whether.or.表示“不論是否”，“不管是還是”之意。youll have to attend the ceremony whether youre free or busy.whether you believe it or not, its true.（5）“no matter+疑問(wèn)詞”或“疑問(wèn)詞-ever”

24、為“都；不管都”，no matter what happened, he would not mind. (=whatever happened, he would not mind.)no matter who you are, you must keep the law.(=whoever you are, you must keep the law.注意： “no matter+疑問(wèn)詞”結(jié)構(gòu)只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，而“疑問(wèn)詞-ever”還可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。whatever (=no matter what) you say, i wont believe you.ill eat what

25、ever (no matter what) you give me. 練習(xí)題1 the lawyer seldom wears anything other than a suit _the season.a whatever b wherever c whenever d however2 many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, _they knew it to be valuable.a as if b now that c even though d so that3 _i really dont like art, i find hi

26、s work impressive.a as b since c if d while4 _he has limited technical knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience.a since b unless c as d although5 _i have some sympathy for them, i dont think they are right to do so.a as b if c while d when6 _the customs office, he will have to declare this

27、sort of things he carries with him to the customs officer.a no matter who will come through b who come through c no matter whom comes through d whoever comes through7 what a tight volleyball game! we lost it _we all tried our best.a because b though c until d unless8 this is a very interesting book

28、.ill buy it , _.a how much may it cost b no matter how it may costc however much it may cost d how may it cost9 all people, _they are old or young, rich or poor, have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster.a even if b whether c no matter d however10 allow children the space

29、to voice their opinions, _they are different from your own.a until b even if c unless d as though11 _well prepared you are, you still need a lot of luck in mountain climbing.a however b whatever c no matter d although12 _hungry i am, i never seem to be able to finish off this loaf of bread.a whateve

30、r b whenever c wherever d however13 _the internet is of great help, i dont think its a good idea to spend too much time on it.a if b while c because d as14 _you decide to spend your holidays, one thing is certain, you will get to your destination, fresh and safe.a whatever b whoever c wherever d whi

31、chever15 _, i could not memorize the text.a however hard did i try b however had i triedc however i tried hard d however i had tried hard四原因狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有：because, since, as , now that ,considering that, for the reason that , due to the fact that, owing to the fact that等1. because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句一般放于主句之后

32、， because表示直接原因， 語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)， 通常用于回答why引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句。 i do it because i like it. 2. since，as seeing (that)， now (that)， considering (that)， in that表示“既然，由于”。as/ since you are not very well, you had better have a rest.seeing (that) he refused to help us, theres no reason that we should now help him. now (that) you

33、 are grown up, you should not rely on your parents. considering (that) everybody is here, lets begin our discussion.in that he is ill, he feels unable to do it. 3for 表示原因關(guān)系，對(duì)前面內(nèi)容的推斷或猜測(cè)。it must have rained last night, for the ground is wet now. 練習(xí)題1. _ youve got a chance, you might as well make full

34、use of it. a. now that b. after c. although d. as soon as2. he found it increasingly difficult to read, _ his eyesight was beginning to fail. a. and b. for c. but d. or 3.a man cannot smile like a child, _ a child smiles with his eyes, while a man smiles with his lips alone. a. so b. but c. and d. f

35、or4. i didnt go i was afraid.a. since b. for c. because d. though5. it was raining, we stayed at home.a. because, so b.because ,/ c.because ,for d.if ,so6.i said nothing about it his wife was there. a. since b. so that c. becaused. unless7. the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey. a. bef

36、ore b. since c. till d. after8. it is raining, youd better take a taxi.a. before b. as c. till d. after9. you shouldnt get angry just some people speak ill of you. a. since b. so that c. becaused. unless10. you are here, youd better stay. a. before b. now that c. till d. after11. i hurried _i wouldn

37、t be late for class. a. since b. so that c. as if d. unless12. i saw mr. smith last sunday. we had not seen each other _i left london. a. as b. before c. since d. till13. _ you are so weak, youd better stay at home. a. since b. for c. because d. though14. im sorry youve been waiting so long, but itl

38、l still be some time _ brian get back.a. before b. since c. till d. after15. did you return freds call? i didnt need to _ ill see him tomorrow. a. though b. unless c. when d. because五 目的狀語(yǔ)從句1. 概念：從句部分是用以補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明主句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的目的。 2. 引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句常用的連詞有：so that, in order that, lest, in case, for fear that等。3. 目的狀語(yǔ)

39、從句的謂語(yǔ)常含有may, might, can, could, should, would等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。 you must speak louder so that/in order that you can be heard by all. he wrote the name down for fear that he should forget it. better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.六 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有： so that, sothat, suchthat等 he is so young that

40、 he can not go to school. he is such a young boy that he can not go to school.區(qū)別： 1. so.that和such that的區(qū)別 so是副詞，常常用來(lái)修飾形容詞或副詞, such修飾名詞the boy ran so fast that i couldnt catch him. = the boy ran too fast for me to catch .she has such a cute baby that she is quite happy. 注意： 當(dāng)名詞前有many、much、(a) few、(a)

41、 little等詞修飾時(shí)，句子中要用“so.that.”而不能用“such.that.”。 he has so much money that he can buy what he wants. ive had so many falls that i have pains here and there. 2. so that .(以便 / 為了)，引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句。i got up early so that i could catch the early bus. please open the window so that we can breathe fresh air. you mu

42、st go now so that you wont be late. 練習(xí)題1. he left in _a hurry _he forgot to lock the door.a. such, that b. so, that c. such, as d. so, when2. you must improve your study method _ you may make progress in your studies.a. so as to b. in order to c. so d. in order that3. the prime minister got to the p

43、latform and sat down, _to answer the questions. a. preparing b . being preparing c . prepared d . to prepare4. they demanded a rise in their wages _up for the _ cost of living. a. to make, increase b. made, increasedc. to be made, increasing d. making, increasing5. -why did you move the table over t

44、here? - _ the new sofa.a. to make room for b. share room with c. given room to d. saving room for6. _late in the morning, bob turned off the alarm. a. to sleep b. sleeping c. sleep d. having slept7. -ill thank you _my affairs alone. -i will. its none of my business. a. leaving b. not to leave c. for

45、 having left d. to leave8. not _faith in himself, the scientist went on with the research. a. losing b. to lose c. lost d. to be lost9. after that he expected tom _it without _how. a. to do, telling b. doing, told c. to do, being told d. doing, to be told10. i prefer_ to _. prefer sth to sth, prefer

46、 to do sh rather than do stha. to drive, rather than being driven b. to drive, be driven c. drive, being driven d. driving, being driven11. “do you have anything _ to your son? im going to beijing. a. to take b. to be taken c. taken d. to bring12. when i came in, the students pretended _busy _their

47、english homework.a. to be, with doing b. to be, doing c. being, to do d. being, doing13. they advised us _tie machine immediately. a. to set about making b. setting about to makec. setting about making d. to set about to make14.farmers rotate (輪作) their crops _ the soil will remain fertile.a. so tha

48、t b. because of c. in order to d. rather than15. speak to him slowly _ he may understand you better.a. since b. so that c. for d. because16. it was _ a hundred people looked lost in it.a. so large a room that b. so large roomc. a such large room d. such large a room17. he has _ little education that

49、 he cant teach _ little children. a. so; such b. too; such c. a; so d. very; so 18. the news reporters hurried to the airport, only _ the film stars had left. a. to tell b. to be told c. telling d. told19. you were silly not _ your car. a. to lock b. to have locked c. locking d. having locked20. the

50、 teacher asked us _ so much noise.a. dont make b. not make c. not making d. not to make21. there is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _road conditions need_. a. that to be improved b. which to be improved c. where improving d. when improving22. with a lot of difficult problems

51、 _, the newly- elected president is having a hard time. a. settle b. settling c. to settle d. being settled23. he let me repeat his instruction _ sure that i understood what was _ after he went away. a. to make; to be done b. making; doing c. to make; to do d. making; to do24. you should have thanke

52、d her before you left.- i meant _, but when i was leaving i couldnt find her anywhere.a. to do b. to c. doing d. doing so25. to fetch water before breakfast seemed to me a rule _.a. to never break b. never to be brokenc. never to have broken d. never to be breaking26. i would love _ to the party last night, but i had to work extra hours to finish a report.a. to go b. to have gone c. going d. having gone27. she cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake.a. to clean b. cleaning c. cleaned d. being cleaned 2