【原創(chuàng)】高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專題：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 考點(diǎn)和易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)大盤點(diǎn)

1、高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專題：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 考點(diǎn)和易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)大盤點(diǎn)有關(guān)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾個(gè)重要考點(diǎn)將語(yǔ)態(tài)與主謂一致結(jié)合起來(lái)命題1.All the employees except the manager _to work online at home.A. encouragesB. encourageC. is encouragedD. are encouraged解析：主語(yǔ)是all the employees(復(fù)數(shù))，而不是the manager，排除答案A和C；又因all the employees與encourage是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，排除B，故選D。2.A library with five thousa

2、nd books _to the nation as a gift.A. is offeredB. has offeredC. are offeredD. have offered解析：a library是offer的承受者，要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，排除B和D；又因主語(yǔ)(library)是單數(shù)，排除C；故選A。注意：with five thousand books是a library是定語(yǔ)。將語(yǔ)態(tài)與虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)合起來(lái)命題1. Dont you think it necessary that he _ to Miami but to New York? I agree, but the problem is

3、 _ he has refused to.A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; thatC. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what解析：因he與send是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，排除D；又因it (is) necessary后的that從句的謂語(yǔ)要用“(should+)動(dòng)詞原形”，排除選項(xiàng)A；答句中的表語(yǔ)從句不缺任何句子成分，用that；故選B。2. IfNewtonlived today, he would be surprised by what _ in science and technolo

4、gy.A.had discoveredB.had been discoveredC.has discoveredD.has been discovered答案為D。此題可用排除法來(lái)做。根據(jù)what與discover的關(guān)系可知，此處應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，即指被發(fā)現(xiàn)的東西，故可排除選項(xiàng)A和C；由于句子使用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣，所以此題的迷惑性很大，許多考生會(huì)誤選B。其實(shí)，由于句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣是對(duì)現(xiàn)的情況進(jìn)行假設(shè)(注意句中的today)，而且“在科學(xué)和技術(shù)方面所取得的發(fā)現(xiàn)”指的是現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)，而非假設(shè)，所以此處要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而不能用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。將語(yǔ)態(tài)與倒裝結(jié)合起來(lái)命題Only after my friend came

5、_.A. did the computer repaired B. be repaired the computerC. was the computer repairedD. the computer was repaired解析：因the computer與repair是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，排除A；又因only加狀語(yǔ)置于句首，要用部分倒裝，排除選項(xiàng)D和B；故選C。將固定短語(yǔ)中的名詞作主語(yǔ)來(lái)增加句子理解難度Good care must _babies, particularly while they are ill.A. takeB. take ofC. be taken D. be taken of

6、解析：由固定短語(yǔ)take good care of(好好照看)是可知，good care與take是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，排除A和B；選項(xiàng)C中又漏掉了of；故選D。在語(yǔ)境中將語(yǔ)態(tài)與時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)合起來(lái)命題1.The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people _to eat more fruit and vegetables.A. persuadeB. will persuadeC. be persuadedD. are persuaded解析：因people與persuade是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，排除A和B。又因?yàn)橹髡Z(yǔ)是一般將

7、來(lái)時(shí)，條件句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，所以選D。2.Hundreds of jobs _if the factory closes.A. lose B. will be lostC. are lost D. will lost解析：因lose與jobs是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，排除A和D；又因條件狀語(yǔ)從句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)當(dāng)是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，故選B。3.With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth _each year.A. were washed away B. is being washed awayC. are was

8、hing away D. are being washed away解析：因good earth(沃土)與wash away(沖走)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，排除C；又因quantities of作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，排除B；指近階段(近些年)正在發(fā)生的事，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，排除A；故選D。4.The window is dirty.I know. It _ for weeks. A. hasnt cleanedB. didnt clean C. wasnt cleanedD. hasnt been cleaned解析：由is和for weeks可知，要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，排除B和C；又因It (The wind

9、ow)與clean是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，所以選D。5.George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to the wedding?No, I _. Did they have a big wedding?A. was not invitedB. have not been invitedC. hadnt been invited D. didnt invite解析：因?yàn)镮與invite是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，又因?yàn)檠?qǐng)應(yīng)當(dāng)發(fā)生在結(jié)婚之前，got married是過(guò)去，invite就該是過(guò)去的過(guò)去，所以用過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，只有C正確。6.The

10、mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics _ by 2006.A. has been completedB. has completedC. will have been completedD. will have completed解析：因“by+將來(lái)時(shí)間”通常與將來(lái)完成時(shí)連用，所以由by 2006可排除A和B；又因?yàn)閣ork與complete是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以要被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，只有C正確。7. Be careful when you cross this very busy street. I

11、f not, you may _run over by a car.A. have B. get C. become D. turn解析：you與run over是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，選項(xiàng)中只有g(shù)et才可與過(guò)去分詞run構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故選B。8. I got caught in the rain and my suit _.A.has ruinedB.had ruinedC.has been ruinedD.had been ruined答案為C。此題可用排除法來(lái)做。根據(jù)my suit與ruin的關(guān)系可知，此處應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故可排除選項(xiàng)A和B；再根據(jù)get caught in the rain與be r

12、uined的先后關(guān)系，顯然應(yīng)是先被雨淋，然后才是衣服被弄臟，所以不能選D。在語(yǔ)境中考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法 I dont suppose the police know who did it. Well, surprisingly they do. A man has been arrested and _ now.A.has been questionedB.is being questionedC.is questioningD.has questioned答案為B。根據(jù)常識(shí)，被抓的嫌疑犯應(yīng)該是“被”審問(wèn)，故應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；再根據(jù)句末的now可知，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。利用漢語(yǔ)干擾考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)The w

13、ater _ cool when I joined into the pool for morning exercise.A.was feltB.is feltC.feltD.feels答案為C。盡管句中的feel含有被動(dòng)意味，但由于它是不及物動(dòng)詞，所以不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故排除A和B；再根據(jù)其后的joined可知，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)含有雙賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句時(shí)，可分別將其中的一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，另一個(gè)不動(dòng)，但變間接賓語(yǔ)為主語(yǔ)的情況較多。主動(dòng)：Tom gave me a present on my birthday.我生日那天湯姆送我一件禮物。被動(dòng)：I was given

14、a present by Tom on my birthday.A present was given to me yesterday.注意：如果把直接賓語(yǔ)（指物）改為主語(yǔ)，則在間接賓語(yǔ)（指人）前加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。1. 在下列動(dòng)詞后，通常在間接賓語(yǔ)前用介詞to：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, sell, show, take,通tell等。2.在下列動(dòng)詞后，一般在間接賓語(yǔ)前用介詞for：build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, p

15、lay, sing等。主動(dòng)：Mother made me a new skirt.母親給我做了件襯衣。被動(dòng)：A new skirt was made for me.3.由于某些動(dòng)詞與介詞有習(xí)慣搭配，既不用to也不用for,而用別的介詞。如:People all over the world know the Great Wall.世界上的人都知道長(zhǎng)城。The Great Wall is known to people all over the world.（不用by短語(yǔ)）4.有時(shí)用間接賓語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)講不通或不習(xí)慣，必須用直接賓語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)。如：Tom wrote me a letter誤：I was

16、written a letter by Tom正：A letter was written to me by Tom類似的動(dòng)詞還有：return, send, pass, hand, sell, teach等。含復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)）的主動(dòng)句改為被動(dòng)句時(shí)，一般把主動(dòng)句中的賓語(yǔ)改為主語(yǔ)，而賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)保留在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后面成為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如：We always keep the classroom clean.我們總是保持教室清潔。The classroom is always kept clean.教室總是保持清潔的。They asked me to help them.他們叫我?guī)椭麄?。I was

17、 asked to help them.我被他們叫去幫忙了。We saw them playing football.我們看到他們?cè)谔咦闱颉hey were seen playing football.他們被人看見(jiàn)在踢足球。注意：1.在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式都不帶to，但改成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后要加上to。We often hear her sing.我們經(jīng)常聽(tīng)到她唱歌。She is often heard to sing.經(jīng)常有人聽(tīng)到她唱歌。2.如果賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是名詞，變被動(dòng)句時(shí)，

18、不要誤把賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的名詞作主語(yǔ)。如：We called him an ass.我們叫他傻瓜。誤：As ass was called him.正：He was called an ass.短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1.“動(dòng)詞+介詞/副詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，要把它們作為整體看待，介詞或副詞不可拆開(kāi)或漏掉。如：The patient is being operated on.病人正在動(dòng)手術(shù)。His request was turned down.他的要求遭到拒絕。注：這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的還有agree to, ask for, laugh at, listen to, look after, t

19、hink of, talk about,call on等。常用的由“及物動(dòng)詞+副詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有bring about, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, make out, pass on, point out, put away, put on, put off,take off,think over, work out, turn out,sell out, use up look up等。2.“動(dòng)詞副詞介詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，變成變動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，要把它們作為一個(gè)整體看待。如：The poor were looked down upon then

20、.那時(shí)窮人被人瞧不起。He was looked up to by everyone他被人們所敬仰。注：這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還有：get out of, look out of, get on with，get along with, catch up with, keep up with等。3.“動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)動(dòng)詞，變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，既可將短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)作為被動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)，也可將短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中的名詞作為被動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)。如：You must pay attention to your pronunciation.你必須注意你的發(fā)音。Your pronunciation must be paid attention to.Attention must be paid to your pronunciation.注：這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的還有catch sight of, make use of,make fun of,make friends with,set fire to, take care of, take hold of,take part in,take notice of, keep an eye on等。當(dāng)主動(dòng)句的