高考英語(yǔ)必備—高中人教版英語(yǔ)必修五單詞變形知識(shí)點(diǎn)

1、人教版英語(yǔ)必修五知識(shí)點(diǎn)Unit1一、單詞詞性1science n科學(xué)；技術(shù)scientist n科學(xué)家scientific adj.科學(xué)的2conclude vt.& vi.結(jié)束；推斷出conclusion n結(jié)論；結(jié)束3challenge n挑戰(zhàn) vt.向挑戰(zhàn)challenging adj.挑戰(zhàn)性的4pollute vt.污染；弄臟pollution n污染5announce vt.宣布；通告announcement n通知；宣告6instruct vt.命令；指示；教導(dǎo)instruction n命令；傳授instructions n用法說(shuō)明書(shū)；操作指南7construct vt.建設(shè)；修建

2、construction n建設(shè)；建筑物8contribute vt.&vi.捐獻(xiàn)；貢獻(xiàn)；捐助contribution n貢獻(xiàn)9enthusiasm n熱心；熱情；熱忱enthusiastic adj.熱情的；熱心的enthusiastically adv.熱情地10caution n小心；謹(jǐn)慎cautious adj.小心的；謹(jǐn)慎的11expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光exposion n暴露12suspect vt.懷疑n.被懷疑者；嫌疑犯suspicion n懷疑suspicious adj.有疑心的13announce vt.宣布；通告announcement n通知；宣告14re

3、ject vt.拒絕；不接受；拋棄rejection n拒絕；拋棄2、 短語(yǔ)句型1 put forward 提出2draw a conclusion 得出結(jié)論in conclusion 最后，總之3expose.to 使顯露；暴露be exposed to 暴露于4link.to. 連接到 be linked to 和連在一起5apart from 除之外；此外6 make sense 講得通；有意義7look into 調(diào)查；研究8at times 有時(shí)9be against 反對(duì)10(be) strict with 對(duì)嚴(yán)格的11sb be to blame for (doing) sth

4、某人因(做)某事應(yīng)該受到譴責(zé) blame sb for(doing)sth因(做)某事而指責(zé)某人 blame sth on sb 將某事歸咎于某人12with certainty 肯定地13.only if 意為“只有”，用倒裝句14.attend a meeting 參加/出席會(huì)議15.cure sb of sth. 治愈；矯正，改正(不良習(xí)慣等)16.be absorbed by被吞并；為所吸收 be/get absorbed in全神貫注于；一心從事；熱衷于17.suspectsb./sth.懷疑某人或某事 suspect sb.of doing sth.懷疑某人做某事18.contri

5、bute to 為作出貢獻(xiàn)；有助于19.be cautious about sth.小心；提防20.with sth, doing隨著 With prices going up 由于物價(jià)上漲with/to do/done有事情做With a lot of work to do21.every time=whenever 每次，每當(dāng)22.I suggested that sb（should）do sth.我建議某人做某事23.（1）have/get sth.done使某事被 have my bike repaired使我的車被修理/找人修理我的車 （2）have sb.doing.使某人一直做U

6、nit2一、單詞詞性1unite vi.&vt.聯(lián)合；團(tuán)結(jié)united adj.團(tuán)結(jié)的；聯(lián)合的union n聯(lián)合；聯(lián)盟；結(jié)合；協(xié)會(huì)2consist vi.組成；在于；一致consistent adj.一致的3willing adj.樂(lè)意的；自愿的unwilling adj.不愿意(的)；不樂(lè)意(的)4convenient adj.方便的convenience n便利；方便5rough adj.粗糙的；粗暴的roughly adv.粗糙地；粗略地6attract vt.吸引；引起注意attraction n吸引；吸引力attractive adj.有吸引力的7collect v收集；聚集coll

7、ection n收藏品；珍藏；收集8enjoy vt.享受；喜歡enjoyable adj.令人愉快的；使人高興的9describe vt.描述；形容；描繪description n描寫(xiě)；描述10furnished adj.配備好裝備的；帶家具的furnish vt.用家具布置furniture n家具11possible adj.可能的；合理的impossible adj.不可能的possibility n可能(性)12arrange vt.籌備；安排；整理arrangement n布置；整理13delight n快樂(lè)；高興；喜悅 vt.使高興；使欣喜delighted adj.高興的；快樂(lè)

8、的delightful adj.令人高興的14fold vt.折疊；對(duì)折unfold vt.(反義詞)15thrill vt.使激動(dòng)；使膽戰(zhàn)心驚thrilling adj.令人激動(dòng)的二、短語(yǔ)句型1consist of由組成 consist in 存在于，在于2o 把分成3break away (from) 擺脫(束縛)；脫離4to ones credit 為帶來(lái)榮譽(yù)；值得贊揚(yáng)；在名下5 leave out 省去；遺漏；不考慮6take the place of take ones place 代替7break away (from)掙脫(束縛)，脫離，逃脫8.break d

9、own (機(jī)器)損壞；破壞8make a list of 把列出清單9on special occasions 在特殊場(chǎng)合10feel proud of 對(duì)感到驕傲11.in memory of為了紀(jì)念12.It is a pity that.“令人遺憾的是”13.at ones convenience在某人方便時(shí) for convenience為了方便起見(jiàn)14.accomplish vt.完成(任務(wù))；達(dá)到(目的)；實(shí)現(xiàn)(計(jì)劃、諾言等) accomplish nothing一事無(wú)成15.attract ones attention 吸引某人的注意力16.roughly speaking大體上

10、說(shuō)17.give a description of形容；描述 beyond description無(wú)法形容；難以描述18. (1)There is a possibility for sb to do sth 某人有可能做某事 (2)There is a possibility ofn./doing某事(物)有可能/有做某事的可能 =It is possible to do sth.19.arrange to do sth.安排好做某事 arrange for sb.to do sth.安排某人做某事 It is arranged that.根據(jù)安排20.be delighted to do

11、sth.做某事感到高興21.be worthwhile doing/to do 值得做某事22.It is worthwhile to do sth/doing sth做某事是值得的23.be thrilled to do sth.膽戰(zhàn)心驚地做某事be thrilled at/with sth.對(duì)某事感到興奮24. 過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句 Worried about the time available由于擔(dān)心可用的時(shí)間不夠 Deeply moved by the story，the girl began to cry.被故事深深地感動(dòng)，那個(gè)女孩開(kāi)始哭泣。25.完全倒裝主謂

12、賓賓謂主（倒裝句） There followed接著（課文句子）【句法分析】there，here，down，up，away，out，in，off等都是表示地點(diǎn)或方向性的副詞，放在句首并且主語(yǔ)是名詞時(shí)，句子使用完全倒裝；如果放在句首而主語(yǔ)是代詞，句子用部分倒裝；如果不放在句首，句子不使用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。【例句研讀】（1）There stands a temple on the top of the mountain.山頂上有座廟。來(lái)源:學(xué)+科+網(wǎng)Z+X+X+K（2）The door opened and out rushed the children.門開(kāi)了，孩子們跑了出去。（3）There stan

13、ds a tree in front of the house.房子前面有一棵樹(shù)。（4）There lived a great thinker in Greece.希臘曾有一位偉大的思想家。（5）Here comes a bus公交車來(lái)了。26.省略句It looked splendid when first built！剛建成的時(shí)候，它看起來(lái)真是金碧輝煌！【句法分析】具體見(jiàn)必修一長(zhǎng)難句句中的when first built是when it was first built的省略形式。狀語(yǔ)從句中，如果從句主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)一致，同時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞含有系動(dòng)詞be或it is/was結(jié)構(gòu)，可省去該從句的主語(yǔ)

14、和系動(dòng)詞be。Unit3一、單詞詞性1impress v使留下深刻印象impressive adj.給人深刻印象的impression n印象；感想；印記2constant adj.時(shí)常發(fā)生的；連續(xù)不斷的constantly adv.不斷地3certain adj.某一；必然的；確信的uncertain adj.不確切的；無(wú)把握的certainly adv.當(dāng)然；行(用于回答)4surround vt.圍繞surrounding adj.周圍的surroundings n周圍的事物；環(huán)境5adjust vt.調(diào)整；使適應(yīng)adjustment n調(diào)整；調(diào)節(jié)6press vi.& vt.按；壓；逼

15、迫 n按；壓；印刷；新聞pressure n壓力7optimism n樂(lè)觀主義optimistic adj.樂(lè)觀(主義)的pessimistic(反義詞)8mud n泥(漿)muddy adj.泥濘的9instant n瞬間；片刻 adj.立即的；立刻的instantly adv.馬上10settle v定居；解決settlement n定居；解決11motivate vt.刺激；使有動(dòng)機(jī)；激發(fā)的積極性motivated adj.有動(dòng)機(jī)的；有積極性的motivation n動(dòng)機(jī)12representative n代表；典型人物 adj.典型的；有代表性的represent v代表二、短語(yǔ)句型1

16、take up拿起；接受；開(kāi)始；繼續(xù)2be back on ones feet (困境后)恢復(fù)；完全復(fù)原3lose sight of 看不見(jiàn) lose-lost-lost4sweep up 打掃；橫掃；涌向；掠過(guò)5slide into (快捷而悄聲地)移動(dòng)；溜進(jìn)6speed up 加速7as a result 結(jié)果8be similar to. 與相似9in all directions 向四面八方10show.around. 帶領(lǐng)某人參觀11.be/get back on ones feet(困境后)恢復(fù)；完全復(fù)原；重新振作；東山再起12.as though（if）好像13.remindsb

17、that從句 提醒/使某人想起 remind sb of14.make/leave/give an impression on給留下印象 be impressed by/with為所感動(dòng)；對(duì)有印象15.be surrounded by/with.由圍著/包圍 surround sth./sb.with/by sth.16.constantly 不斷地17. (a) lack of缺乏；不足 for lack of因?yàn)槿鄙?8.switch off切斷(電流、氣體等) switch on打開(kāi)(開(kāi)關(guān))；接通(電流等)19. in an instant(instantly)立刻20. be gree

18、dy for渴望得到 be greedy to do sth.渴望做某事21.exhausted形容詞作狀語(yǔ) Exhausted，I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.實(shí)在累壞了，我溜上床很快就睡著了。 He arrived home，hungry and tired.他回到家里，又餓又累。22. 完全倒裝句 Inside was an exhibition of the most uptodate inventions of the 31st century. 里面展示了31世紀(jì)最先進(jìn)的發(fā)明。【句法分析】表地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)的介詞短語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)(名詞)副詞(now，t

19、hen，there/here，up，down，away，in，out等)謂語(yǔ)(go，come，run，walk，rush，fall等)主語(yǔ)(名詞)Therebe(live，stand，lie等表示存在的動(dòng)詞)主語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)連系動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)(表語(yǔ)可以是：形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞)suchbe主語(yǔ)本句為完全倒裝句。正常的語(yǔ)序?yàn)椋篈n exhibition of the most uptodate inventions of the 31st century was inside.【溫馨提示】若主語(yǔ)為人稱代詞，而不是名詞的話，則主謂語(yǔ)序不變。如：There he comes.他來(lái)了。【例句研讀】(

20、1) There stands a stone bridge across the river.河上有一座石橋。(2) Away went the crowd one by one.人們一個(gè)一個(gè)地離去了。(3) In the center of the square stands a monument. 廣場(chǎng)的中央矗立著一塊紀(jì)念碑。Unit4一、單詞詞性1delight n快樂(lè)；高興 vt.使高興；使愉快delighted adj.快樂(lè)的；欣喜的2admire vt.欽佩；羨慕admirable adj.值得贊揚(yáng)的；令人欽佩的3assist vt.幫助；協(xié)助；援助assistant n助手；助

21、理；售貨員assistance n幫助；協(xié)助4profession n職業(yè)；專業(yè)professional n專業(yè)人員 adj.專業(yè)的；職業(yè)的5concentrate vi.& vt.集中；聚集concentration n集中6guilt n罪行g(shù)uilty adj.犯罪的；有罪的；內(nèi)疚的7technical adj.技術(shù)(上)的；技巧方面的technically adv.技術(shù)上；工藝上8gift n禮物；天賦gifted adj.有天賦的9accurate adj.精確的；正確的accurately adv.精確地；準(zhǔn)確地accuracy n精確度；準(zhǔn)確性10approve vt.贊成；認(rèn)可

22、；批準(zhǔn)approval n贊許；贊成，同意disapproval n反對(duì)；不同意11appoint vt.任命；委派appointment n任命；約會(huì)12photograph n照片 vt.給照相photographer n攝影師photography n攝影13approve vt.贊成；認(rèn)可；批準(zhǔn)approval n認(rèn)可二、短語(yǔ)句型1concentrate on集中；全神貫注于2depend on 依靠；依賴3accuse.of 因某事而指責(zé)/指控某人4so as to (do sth.) 為了(做)5ahead of 在前面6have a (good) nose for. 對(duì)有敏感的嗅

23、覺(jué)7inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事8get the wrong end of the stick 完全誤解；弄錯(cuò)9look forward to. 盼望10pass.on to. 把傳給11last of all 最后12be processed into. 被制成13.be eager for.渴望 be eager to do sth.渴望做某事14. refer to查閱；提到；談到；打聽(tīng)；涉及15.in case of萬(wàn)一 in any case 無(wú)論如何，不管怎樣 in no case 決不，在任何情況下都不 in this/that case 假使這/那樣的話，

24、既然這/17.demand to do sth.要求做某事demand of sb.to do sth.要求某人做某事18. defendfrom/against.保護(hù)不受19. approve of sb.(sb.s)doing sth.同意某人做某事20. be supposed to be/do應(yīng)當(dāng)，認(rèn)為必須21. not onlybut (also) 不但而且 引導(dǎo)并列句時(shí)，not only后的句子要用部分倒裝，but also后的句子不用倒裝； 當(dāng)not onlybut also 連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞遵循“就近一致”的原則。如： Not only do the nurses want

25、 a pay increase, but they also want reduced hours.22.As it was getting late, I decided to book into a hotel.因?yàn)闀r(shí)間晚了，我決定住進(jìn)旅館。Unit5一、單詞詞性1injure vt.受傷injury n損傷；傷害2poison n毒藥；毒害 vt.毒害；使中毒poisonous adj.有毒的3vary v變化various adj.各種各樣的variety n變化；多樣(化)；多變(性)4mild adj.輕微的；溫和的；溫柔的mildly adv.輕微地；溫和地5swell vt.&

26、 vi.(使)膨脹；隆起swollen adj.腫脹的6bear vt.忍受；承受bearable adj.可忍受的unbearable adj.難以忍受的；不能容忍的7tight adj.牢的；緊的；緊密的tightly adv.緊地；牢牢地8firm adj.(動(dòng)作)穩(wěn)定有力的；堅(jiān)定的firmly adv.堅(jiān)固地；穩(wěn)定地9brave adj.勇敢的bravery n勇敢；勇氣bravely adv.勇敢地10treat vt.&vi.治療；對(duì)待；款待 n款待；招待treatment n治療；療法；對(duì)待11apply vt.& vi.應(yīng)用；申請(qǐng)applicant n申請(qǐng)人application n申請(qǐng)13bleed vi. & vt.流血bled(過(guò)