復(fù)習(xí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)

1、語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)課：過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)1、概述 過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作。它表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間可用by, before等構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)，也可用when, before等引導(dǎo)的從句或通過(guò)上下代表示。His eyes shone brightly when he finally received the magazine he had long expected. 當(dāng)她終于收到她盼望已久的雜志時(shí)，她興奮得兩眼閃光。By the time he was twelve, Edison had begun to make a living by hims

2、elf.12歲時(shí)，愛(ài)迪生就開(kāi)始自己謀生。2、構(gòu)成 過(guò)去完成時(shí)由“助動(dòng)詞had+過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。其否定式、肯定式、疑問(wèn)式如下表：肯定式 had +PP否定式 had+not PP疑問(wèn)式Had.PP? 注意：had not 常簡(jiǎn)略為hadnt。They asked me to have a drink with them and said it was at least ten years since I had enjoyed a good drink. 他們請(qǐng)我和他們一起喝酒，并說(shuō)我自上次喝酒到現(xiàn)在至少十年了。We had learnt 30 lessons by the end of las

3、t month.到上個(gè)月末為止，我們已經(jīng)學(xué)了30課。He said we hadnt seen each other since I left Beijing.自從我離開(kāi)北京，我們還沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)面。3、過(guò)去完成時(shí)的用法 過(guò)去完成時(shí)的主要用法和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一樣。不同的是，過(guò)去完成時(shí)把時(shí)間推移到了過(guò)去某一時(shí)間之前，與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)。（1）過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作以前已經(jīng)完成了的動(dòng)作。這個(gè)過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有by, before等介詞短語(yǔ)或when, before等引導(dǎo)的從句。Helen had left her keys in the office so she had to wait until her

4、 husband came home. 海倫把鑰匙忘到辦公室里了，因此她不得不等她丈夫回來(lái)。When we got to the cinema, the film had already begun.當(dāng)我們到達(dá)電影院時(shí)，電影已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了。He told me that he had visited the Great Wall before.他告訴我他以前參觀過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。By the end of the match, they had kicked 2 goals, and we had kicked 4.比賽結(jié)束時(shí)，他們踢進(jìn)了2個(gè)球而我們踢進(jìn)了4個(gè)球。When Jack arrived he l

5、earned Mary had been away for almost an hour.杰克到達(dá)后得知瑪麗走了近一個(gè)小時(shí)了。（2）表示動(dòng)作在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間之前開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到過(guò)去的這一時(shí)間，而且還可能繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作，常和for, since構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)或引導(dǎo)的從句連用。The news came as no surprise to me. I had known for some time that the factory was going to shut down. 聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息我并不感到吃驚。工廠要倒閉這件事我早就知道了。By the time I left the school, he

6、had taught the class for 3 years.到我畢業(yè)時(shí)，他已經(jīng)教那個(gè)班三年了。He said he had made great progress since he came here.他說(shuō)自從他來(lái)這里他已經(jīng)取得了很大進(jìn)步。（3）用于表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件從句或as if從句中表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it.假如他昨天看到你，他就會(huì)問(wèn)你這件事了。I should have called you if I had known your telephone n

7、umber.假如我過(guò)去知道你的電話號(hào)碼，我就給你打電話了。He described the scene as if he had been there.他描繪的景色如同他去過(guò)那里一樣。Had I known that you wanted the book, I would have sent it.如果我知道你要這本書(shū)，我會(huì)送來(lái)的。（4）表示假設(shè)的賓語(yǔ)從句放在像said，told，asked，thought，wondered等過(guò)去時(shí)動(dòng)詞的后面，表示在這些動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生了的事情。My friend told me that he had passed the exam.我的朋友告訴我，他

8、已通過(guò)了考試。He asked me whether I had seen the film the night before.他問(wèn)我頭一天晚上是否看過(guò)那部電影。She wondered who had left the door open.她想知道誰(shuí)敞著門(mén)的。（5）用在 It was the first/second/thirdtime that”句型中在此句型中，主句用了一般過(guò)去時(shí)，that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。This was the first time they had met in thirty-nine years. 這是39年里他們第一次見(jiàn)面。It was the fi

9、rst time we had spoken together. 這是我們第一次在一起說(shuō)話。（6）intend, mean, hope, want, plan, suppose, expect, think等動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去完成時(shí)可以表示一個(gè)本來(lái)打算做而沒(méi)有做的事這種結(jié)構(gòu)也可以表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的設(shè)想、意圖或希望等，含有某種惋惜。I had intended to call on you yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor.我本來(lái)昨天打算要去看你，但我來(lái)了個(gè)不速之客。We had meant to tell her the news but found

10、 that she wasnt in.我們本想把這個(gè)消息告訴她的，但發(fā)現(xiàn)她不在家。（7）過(guò)去完成時(shí)常用結(jié)構(gòu)有“hardly, scarcely, barely when, no sooner than等副詞的句子里。She hardly had gone to bed when the bell rang.他剛睡下鈴就響了。No sooner had they left the building than a bomb exploded.他們剛剛離開(kāi)大樓，一顆炸彈就爆炸了。（8）當(dāng)before , after, as soon as 等引導(dǎo)的從句里的動(dòng)作與主句的動(dòng)作緊接時(shí)，由于這些連詞本身已經(jīng)

11、說(shuō)明了兩個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后關(guān)系，因此兩個(gè)動(dòng)作均可用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示。We had breakfast after we did morning exercises.做完早操之后，我們吃早飯。The train started to move just before we reached the station.我們到車站時(shí)火車剛開(kāi)動(dòng)。As soon as they got there, they started to study.他們一到那里就開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)了。 過(guò)去完成時(shí)練習(xí)1. 單項(xiàng)選擇 1He asked me _A_ during the summer holidays. A. where I

12、had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I gone 2. What _D_ Jane _ by the time he was sever? A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done 3. I _C_ 900 English words by the time I was ten。 A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt 4. She _A_lived here for _ years. A

13、. had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of 5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _A_ the dinner already. A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked 6. She said she _D_ the principle already A .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen 7. She said her f

14、amily _B_ themselves _ the army during the war. A. has hidden, from B. had hidden, from C. has hidden, with D. had hidden, with 8. By the time he was ten years old, he _D_. A. has completed university B. has completed the university B. had completed an university D. had completed university 9. She h

15、ad written a number of books _C_ the end of last year. A. for B. in C. by D. at 10. He _B_ to play _ before he was 11 years old. A had learned, piano B. had learned, the piano C. has learned, the piano D. learns ,piano. 11. What _D_ Annie _ by the time he was ten? A. did, do B. did, did C. has, done

16、 D. had done 12 .He _C_ in the factory for three years before he joined the Army. A. has worked B. works C. had worked D. will work 13. By the end of last week, they _D_ the bridge. A. has completed B. completed C. will complete D. had completed 14. Ben hates playing _D_ violin, but he likes playing

17、 _ football. A. athe B. the the C. / the D. the/ 15. By the time he was 4, he _A_ a lot of German words. A. had learned B. has learned C. learned D. learns 16 .Jim turned off the lights and then _D_ the classroom. A. was left B. had left C. has left D. left 17.They _C_ in Guangzhou since 2000. A. li

18、ved B. had lived C. have lived D. were living 18. The train from Beijing_C_ ten minutes ago. A. has arrived B. was arriving C. arrived D. had arrived 19. The students _B_ their classroom when the visitors arrived. A . have cleaned B. had cleaned C. was cleaned D. have been cleaned 20. Fergie_B_ the

19、project in one hour. A. have finished B. will finish C. finishes D. has finished 21. The man _A_ his coat and went out. A. put on B. had put on C. will put on D. was putting on 22 My mother_ in that factory at the age of 18. A. had worked B. has worked C. worked D. works 23. Dad _C_ while he _ TV. A

20、 .fell asleepwatch B. was falling asleepwatched C. fell asleepwas watching D. had fallen asleepwatched 2.用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1. We _had painted_ (paint) the house before we moved_ (move) in. 2. That rich old man _had made_ (make) a will before he died(die). 3. They _had studyed_ (study) the map of the countr

21、y before they _left_ (leave). 4. The robbers _had run away_ (run away ) before the policemen arrived (arrive). 5. I _turned off_ (turn off) all the lights before I _went_ (go) to bed. 6. Paul went (go) out with Jane after he _made _ (make) a phone call. 7. Tom _said_ (say) he had read_ (read) the bo

22、ok twice. 8. Our plan _failed_ (fail ) because we _had made_ (make) a bad mistake. 9. When the chairman _finished_ (finish) speaking, he _left_ (leave)the hall. 10.The Reads were having (have) lunch when I _got_(get) to their house. 11.When I _arrived_(arrive) at the station, he _had left_(leave). 1

23、2.We _had learned_(learn) about 4000 English words by the end of last term. 13. I waited until he _finished_(finish) his homework. 14. We were surprised at what she _had_already _done_(do) 15.She _didnt go_(not go) to Qingdao because she _had went_ (go) there before. 16. He _hasnt told (not tell) yo

24、u the news yet. 17. He said he _had_already_given_(give) the book to the teacher. 18. I _have been_(be) to Shanghai before. 19. She told me she _had been_(be) to Sanya three times. 20.She _was playing_(play) the guitar while her sister_was singing_(sing). 3句型轉(zhuǎn)換 1I had sold the ticket when she came.（

25、改否定句） I did not have sold the ticket when she came. 2.She had sung a song to us before she danced.（改否定句） She didnt have sung a song to us before she danced. 3.They began to climbed the mountain after they had bought all the food and drink.（否） They did not begin to climbed the mountain after they had

26、 bought all the food and drink. 4.By 10:00 a.m, I had been very hungry. （改一般疑問(wèn)） Had you been very hungry by 10:00 am? 5.Lucy had already completed the project when I arrived.（改一般疑問(wèn)） Had lucy already completed the project when I arrived. 6.By the time he got to the airport, the plane had taken off. （

27、改一般疑問(wèn)） Had th eplane taken off by the time he got to the airport? 7.He had broken his arm when I saw him.（對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)） How was he when you saw him? 8.When he had read the note, he ate it. （對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)） What did he do when he had the note? 9.Jack didnt go to the cinema because he had seen the film. （對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)）

28、 Why did Jack not go to the cinema? 10.We had had the toys for ten years before we gave them to the child. （對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)） How long did you have had the toys before you gave them to the child? 11.She had written the book by the end of 1960. （對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)） What had she written by the end of 1960? 12.We cooked the dumplings. We ate them up. （用過(guò)去完成時(shí)連接兩句） We ate the dumplings after we had cooked them. 13.Jims father mended the car. It was broken. （用過(guò)去完成時(shí)連接兩句） The car had broken before Jims father manded it. 14.We had our tests. The