高考英語總復習(人教版,全國通用)語法專項突破：特殊句式和主謂一致(共54張)

1、語法專項突破系列特殊句式和主謂一致特殊句式特殊句式考點考點1 倒裝句的類型倒裝句的類型類型類型1: 全部倒裝全部倒裝(把全部謂語提到主語之前把全部謂語提到主語之前)例如例如: Out rushed a cat from under the table. Such was Albert Einstein, a simple but great scientist. In a lecture hall of a university in England sat a professor. Seated in the first line are some advanced workers. 類型類

2、型2: 部分倒裝部分倒裝(助動詞助動詞/系動詞系動詞be/情態(tài)動詞提到主語前情態(tài)動詞提到主語前)例如例如: Only in this way can you solve this problem. Never before have I seen such a moving film. Not only was he forced to stay home, but also he had to do his homework. So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood. Tom do

3、esnt like bananas, neither/nor do I. Child as/though he is, he knows a lot. Had I attended the meeting, I would have met Jim. 【點津】【點津】(1)there, here, now, then, up, down, in, away, off, out等副詞置于句首等副詞置于句首, 但主語為人稱代詞時但主語為人稱代詞時, 不用倒裝。不用倒裝。(2)only修飾主語置于句首時修飾主語置于句首時, 不能倒裝。不能倒裝。(3)若兩個主語一致時若兩個主語一致時, 則表示同意以上

4、觀點則表示同意以上觀點, 不能倒裝不能倒裝, 此時此時so表示表示“的確如此的確如此”, 即用即用so+主語主語+助動詞助動詞/系動詞系動詞/情態(tài)動詞。情態(tài)動詞。(4)當前面兩件或兩件以上的事也適合于另一人或物時當前面兩件或兩件以上的事也適合于另一人或物時, 通常用通常用“so it is with. . . ”或或“it is the same with. . . ”。(5)Neither. . . , nor. . . “不不, 也不也不”, 連接兩個并列分連接兩個并列分句時句時, 這兩個并列分句都用倒裝結構。這兩個并列分句都用倒裝結構。(6)though引導讓步狀語從句時引導讓步狀語從句

5、時, 可以倒裝也可以不倒裝?？梢缘寡b也可以不倒裝。although引引導讓步狀語從句時不能倒裝。導讓步狀語從句時不能倒裝?！镜漕}印證】【典題印證】用適當?shù)脑~填空用適當?shù)脑~填空(2014陜西高考陜西高考)No soonerMo Yan stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause. 解題關鍵解題關鍵: no sooner. . . than. . . “一一就就”是一個固定搭配是一個固定搭配, 而且而且主句通常用過去完成時態(tài)主句通常用過去完成時態(tài); no sooner置于句首時置于句首時, 其后用部分倒

6、裝。其后用部分倒裝。這個句子轉化為正常語序為這個句子轉化為正常語序為: Mo Yan had no sooner stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause. 。答案判定答案判定: 句意句意: 莫言一登上舞臺莫言一登上舞臺, 觀眾就報以雷鳴般的掌聲。故填觀眾就報以雷鳴般的掌聲。故填had。 【高考集訓】【高考集訓】用倒裝結構完成句子用倒裝結構完成句子1. (2014大綱版全國卷大綱版全國卷)_(護士不僅想要護士不僅想要)a pay increase, they want reduced hours

7、as well. 2. (2014湖南高考湖南高考)Only when you can find peace in your heart _ _(你才可以保持你才可以保持)good relationships with others. 3. (2013江蘇高考江蘇高考)“Never for a second, ”the boy says, “_(我我懷疑懷疑)that my father would come to my rescue. ”Not only do the nurses wantwillyou keepdid I doubt4. (2013遼寧高考遼寧高考)At no time

8、_(他們實際違他們實際違反反)the rules of the game. It was unfair to punish them. 5. (2013福建高考福建高考)Not until he went through real hardship _ (他意識到他意識到)the love we have for our families is important. did they actually breakdid herealize考點考點2 強調的強調的2種類型種類型1. 強調句強調句(1)It is/was. . . that/who可以對除謂語以外的成分進行強調。當強調部可以對除謂

9、語以外的成分進行強調。當強調部分為分為“人人”時時, 可用可用that或或who, 其他情況下用其他情況下用that。*It was him that we met at the school gate. (2)在強調句中在強調句中, 當強調主語時當強調主語時, 其后的謂語動詞應和主語在人稱和數(shù)其后的謂語動詞應和主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。上保持一致。*It is White and Betty who often do good deeds for the old lady. (3)如果原句的謂語動詞是現(xiàn)在時或將來時如果原句的謂語動詞是現(xiàn)在時或將來時, 強調句結構須用強調句結構須用: It i

10、s. . . that/who. . . ; 如原句的謂語動詞是過去時態(tài)如原句的謂語動詞是過去時態(tài), 則強調句結構須用則強調句結構須用It was. . . that/who. . . 。(4)“not. . . until. . . ”句型的強調結構為句型的強調結構為“It is/was not until. . . that. . . ”。*It was not until 11 oclock last night that he went to bed. (5)強調句型的一般疑問句形式強調句型的一般疑問句形式: Is/Was it+被強調部分被強調部分+that/who+其他其他成分。成

11、分。*Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out? (6)強調句的特殊疑問句句型為強調句的特殊疑問句句型為: 疑問詞疑問詞+is/was+it +that/who. . . ? *Where was it that you met Jack yesterday? 2. 謂語動詞的強調謂語動詞的強調(1)do/does/did+動詞原形。動詞原形。*Do come here this evening. (2)“never+助動詞助動詞do”也常用來表示強調也常用來表示強調, 一般意為一般意為“從來沒有從來沒有, 絕絕不不”?！军c津】【點津

12、】強調句型與強調句型與3大從句的辨析大從句的辨析【典題印證】【典題印證】用適當?shù)脑~填空用適當?shù)脑~填空(2014福建高考福建高考)It was the culture, rather than the language, _ made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad. 解題關鍵解題關鍵: 先看本句是不是強調句型先看本句是不是強調句型: It is/was+被強調部分被強調部分+that+其其他部分。強調句型的判斷方法是將他部分。強調句型的判斷方法是將It is/was與與that去掉去掉, 來驗證句子是來驗證句子是不是

13、一個成分完整的句子。經判斷句子不是一個成分完整的句子。經判斷句子“The culture, rather than the language, made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad. ”成分完整成分完整, 由此可以斷定本句是強調句型。由此可以斷定本句是強調句型。答案判定答案判定: 句意句意: 是文化而不是語言使他很難適應國外的新環(huán)境。所是文化而不是語言使他很難適應國外的新環(huán)境。所以用以用that。 【高考集訓】【高考集訓】用強調句式完成句子用強調句式完成句子1. (2014四川高考四川高考)_(是因為是因為Jac

14、k上學遲到上學遲到)that Mr. Smith got angry? 2. (2014湖南高考湖南高考)Its not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do _(使生活愉快使生活愉快). Was it because Jack came late for schoolthat makes life happy3. (2013天津高考天津高考)It was not until near the end of the letter _(她才提到自己的計劃她才提到自己的計劃). 4. (2013重慶高考重慶高考)

15、_(正是在當?shù)卣窃诋數(shù)貙в蔚膸椭聦в蔚膸椭?that the mountain climber was rescued. that shementioned her own planIt was with the help of the local guide考點考點3 其他特殊句式其他特殊句式1. 省略句的省略句的5種類型種類型(1)賓語從句賓語從句: 引導賓語從句的從屬連詞引導賓語從句的從屬連詞that可省略。但及物動詞后可省略。但及物動詞后跟兩個或兩個以上跟兩個或兩個以上that引導的賓語從句時引導的賓語從句時, 只有第一個連詞只有第一個連詞that可省略?？墒÷浴?He told

16、 me(that)she was a beautiful girl and that she was clever. Im afraid, I think, I believe, I hope, I guess等作答語等作答語, 后面后面so與與not分別等于肯定和否定分別等于肯定和否定, 賓語從句可省略。賓語從句可省略。*Do you think it will rain? I hope not (that it will not rain). (2)定語從句定語從句: 在限制性定語從句中在限制性定語從句中, 關系代詞關系代詞that, which, whom充充當賓語當賓語, 而且前面無介

17、詞時可省略。而且前面無介詞時可省略。*He lost the watch(that/which)he bought yesterday. the way后的定語從句常省略關系詞后的定語從句常省略關系詞that或或in which, the time后的定后的定語從句常省略關系詞語從句常省略關系詞that或或when。*I dont like the way (that/in which) he speaks to others. (3)狀語從句狀語從句: 當狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致或從句的主語為當狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致或從句的主語為it, 且從句謂語中有且從句謂語中有be動詞時動

18、詞時, 可以省略狀語從句中的主語和可以省略狀語從句中的主語和be動詞。動詞。*Though (they were) tired, they went on walking. (4)虛擬語氣虛擬語氣: 在虛擬條件句中在虛擬條件句中, 如含有如含有had, were, should, if可省略可省略, 句句子要用倒裝。子要用倒裝。*Were I (=If I were)twenty now, I would join the army. (5)動詞不定式動詞不定式: 不定式符號不定式符號to的省略的省略: a. 感官動詞或使役動詞感官動詞或使役動詞(如如feel, see, hear, noti

19、ce, let, make, have等等)后后接不定式作賓語補足語時省略接不定式作賓語補足語時省略to。*I heard someone sing in the next room. b. 在在do nothing but, cant help but, why not, would rather. . . than. . . ; prefer to do. . . rather than. . . 等句型中省略等句型中省略to。*He did nothing but wait all the time. 不定式省略不定式省略: a. 使用不定式符號使用不定式符號to來代替整個不定式來代替整

20、個不定式, 常在常在be afraid, expect, forget, hope, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish等后等后面。面。*I asked him to see the film, but he didnt want to. b. 在某些形容詞在某些形容詞glad, happy, pleased, delighted等后面使用不定式符號等后面使用不定式符號to來代替整個不定式。來代替整個不定式。*Will you join in the game? Id be glad to. c. 如果

21、不定式中含有如果不定式中含有be, have, have been, 通常保留通常保留be, have和和have been。*Are you a sailor? No, but I used to be. 2. 祈使句祈使句【點津】【點津】祈使句祈使句+and+陳述句陳述句=If. . . , +主句主句祈使句祈使句+or+陳述句陳述句=If. . . not. . . , +主句主句3. 反意疑問句反意疑問句【點津】【點津】回答反意疑問句時回答反意疑問句時, 如果事實是肯定的如果事實是肯定的, 答語用答語用“Yes+肯定的肯定的簡略句簡略句”; 如果事實是否定的如果事實是否定的, 答語用答

22、語用“No+否定的簡略句否定的簡略句”。但陳述。但陳述部分是否定形式時部分是否定形式時, 答語中的答語中的Yes譯成譯成“不不”, 答語中的答語中的No譯成譯成“對對, 是的是的”。4. 感嘆句感嘆句(1)How +形容詞形容詞/副詞副詞+主語主語+謂語謂語! (2)How+形容詞形容詞+a/an+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+主語主語+謂語謂語! (3)How+主語主語+謂語謂語! (4)What+a/an+形容詞形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+主語主語+謂語謂語! (5)What+形容詞形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞+主語主語+謂語謂語! (6)What+形容詞形容詞+復數(shù)名詞復數(shù)名詞+主語主

23、語+謂語謂語! (7)What+名詞名詞+主語主語+謂語謂語! 【典題印證】【典題印證】完成句子完成句子(2014福建高考福建高考)The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, (如果曾經有的話如果曾經有的話), reaching 30in summer. 解題關鍵解題關鍵: 根據(jù)句中的關鍵詞根據(jù)句中的關鍵詞quite pleasant(宜人宜人), rarely(極少極少)可知可知, 空格處表達的意思是空格處表達的意思是“如果曾經有如果曾經有(if ever)”。if ever相當于相當于if it(the tempe

24、rature)ever reached 30in summer。 【高考集訓】【高考集訓】根據(jù)語境或括號中的提示詞完成句子根據(jù)語境或括號中的提示詞完成句子1. (2014湖南高考湖南高考)_ (make)what youre doing today important, because youre trading a day of your life for it. 2. (2014重慶高考重慶高考)I spent two weeks in London last summer. Then you must have visited the British Museum during your

25、 stay, _ you? 3. (2013湖南高考湖南高考)Every day _ (read)a proverb aloud several times until you have it memorized. Makedidntread4. (2013江西高考江西高考)If _ (ask)to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once. 5. (2013新課標全國卷新課標全國卷)The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was aske

26、d by the police not _. askedto主謂一致主謂一致【點津】【點津】(1)在定語從句中在定語從句中, 關系代詞作主語關系代詞作主語, 其謂語動詞的數(shù)和先行詞保持一其謂語動詞的數(shù)和先行詞保持一致致, 但但“one of+復數(shù)名詞復數(shù)名詞”后面的定語從句的謂語動詞用復數(shù)后面的定語從句的謂語動詞用復數(shù), 而在而在“the(only/very)one of+復數(shù)名詞復數(shù)名詞”后面所接的定語從句中后面所接的定語從句中, 謂語動詞謂語動詞卻用單數(shù)。卻用單數(shù)。(2)當主語后有介詞當主語后有介詞with, together/along with, including, like, bu

27、t, except, other than, rather than和和as well as等時等時, 謂語動詞應和前面的謂語動詞應和前面的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。(3)a quantity of/quantities of和和a(great, large)amount of/large amounts of后既可接可數(shù)名詞后既可接可數(shù)名詞, 也可接不可數(shù)名詞也可接不可數(shù)名詞, 其謂語動詞視其謂語動詞視quantity和和amount的單復數(shù)形式而定。的單復數(shù)形式而定。(4)若用若用and連接兩個動名詞、不定式短語或主語從句連接兩個動名詞、不定式短語或主語從句, 表

28、示兩個不同表示兩個不同的概念則謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。若表示同一概念的概念則謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。若表示同一概念, 則謂語動詞用單數(shù)則謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。形式。(5)many a, more than one后加可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式后加可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式, 謂語動詞常用單謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。數(shù)。(6)從句、不定式或動名詞作主語時從句、不定式或動名詞作主語時, 謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式。但謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式。但what引導的主語從句中引導的主語從句中, 謂語動詞的形式要根據(jù)主語從句表示的意義謂語動詞的形式要根據(jù)主語從句表示的意義是單數(shù)概念還是復數(shù)概念而定。是單數(shù)概念還是復數(shù)概念而定?！镜漕}印證】【典題印

29、證】用所給詞的適當形式填空用所給詞的適當形式填空(2014湖南高考湖南高考)All we need(be)a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year. 解題關鍵解題關鍵: 根據(jù)空格后的根據(jù)空格后的a small piece of land可知可知, 本句謂語動詞的數(shù)本句謂語動詞的數(shù)應該是單數(shù)應該是單數(shù), 因為當因為當all, all of, half of, the rest of, most of及及“百分數(shù)或百分數(shù)或分數(shù)分數(shù)+of”等后接名詞作主語時等后接名詞作主語時, 句子謂語動詞形式根據(jù)其后的名詞而句子謂語動詞形式根據(jù)其后的名詞而定。而根據(jù)句中的定。而根據(jù)句中的All we need可知可