初中常見介詞的錯誤與糾正(謝麗君2016.8.5)

1、初中英語常見介詞的錯誤與糾正誤 We got to the top of the mountain in daybreak. 正 We got to the top of the mountain at day break. 析 at用于具體時刻之前，如：sunrise， midday， noon， sunset， midnight， night. 誤 Dont sleep at daytime 正 Dont sleep in daytime. 析 in 要用于較長的一段時間之內(nèi)，如：in the morning / afternoon， 或 in the week / month / yea

2、r. 或 in spring / supper /autumn / winter等等。 誤 We visited the old man in Sunday afternoon. 正 We visited the old man on Sunday afternoon. 析 in the morning， in the afternoon 如果在這兩個短語中加入任何修飾詞其前面的介詞都要改為on， 如：on a cold morning， on the morning of July 14th 誤 He became a writter at his twenties 正 He became

3、a writter in his twenties 析這句話應譯為：他在20多歲時就成了作家。在某人的一段生活時間段中要用介詞in來表示，而在具體歲數(shù)時用at來表示。 誤 He went to New York to find a job in sixteen years old. 正 He went to New York to find a job at sixteen. 析 在具體年歲前用at， 如：at the age of 12， at your age，等等。 誤 We went to swim in the river in a very hot day. 正 We went t

4、o swim in the river on a very hot day. 析 具體某一天要用介詞on， 又如：on New Years Day 誤 Im looking forward to seeing you on Christmas. 正 Im looking for ward to seeing you at Christmas. 析在節(jié)日的當天用on，而全部節(jié)日期間用at，Christmas是圣誕節(jié)期間，一般要有兩周或更長的時間。 誤 I havent see you during the summer holidays. 正 I havent seen you since th

5、e beginning of the summer holidays. 析 during表示在某一段時間之內(nèi)，所以一般不與完成時搭配，如：I visited a lot of museums during the holiday. 而for表示一段時間，可以用于完成時，如：I havent see you for a long time. 而through 用來表示時間時則為“整整，全部的時間”。如：It rained through the night.而since則是表達主句動作的起始時間，一般要與完成時連用。 誤 At entering the classroom， I heard th

6、e good news. 正 On entering the classroom， I heard the good news. 析 On 加動名詞表示“一就”。本句的譯文應是：我一進入教室就聽見這個好消息了。又如：on hearing 一聽見， on arrival 一到達就（on表示動作的名詞） 誤 In the beginning of the book， there are some interesting stories. 正 At the beginning of the book， there are some interesting stories. 析 at the begi

7、ning與at the end都是指某事物的開始與結(jié)束部分，均不指時間范圍，而in the beginning 則是指開始一段時間。in the endat last是指“最終，終于”之意。 誤 Till the end of next week. I will have finished this work. 正 By the end of next week. I will have finished this work. 析 by 引起的時間狀語表示了動作的截止點，其意思為“不遲于某一時刻將工作做完”，所以主句一般是完成時態(tài)。當然可以有將來時態(tài)，如：Ill be there by fiv

8、e oclock.而till則表達其一動作一直持續(xù)到某一時刻，但句中的動詞一定要用持續(xù)性動詞，而瞬間的截止性動詞應用其否定句式，如：I wont finish this work till（until） next weekend. 誤 He came to London before last weekend. 正 He had come to London before last weekend. 正 He came to London two weeks ago. 析 before 一般要與完成時連用，而ago則與一般過去時連用。 誤 I have studied English for

9、three years gince I had come here. 正 I have studied English for three years since I came here. 析 since用來表達主句動作的開始時間，所以其引出的從句中應為過去時，而不能用完成時態(tài) 誤 I can help you repair this bike. You will get it after two hours. 正 I can help you repair this bike. You will get it in two hours. 析中文經(jīng)常講兩小時之后來取，兩天內(nèi)會修好，而這個介詞在

10、英文中要用in而不要用after.其原因有二，after 多用于過去時，如：I arrived in New York. After three days， I found a job in the bank. after 加時間是表達一個不確定的時間范圍，如：after three days， 即三天之后的哪一天都可以。所以在許諾若干時間內(nèi)會完成某事時，一定要用介詞in. 誤 Three days after he died. 正 After three days he died. 正 Three days later he died. 析 after 與 later都可以用來表達一段時間之

11、后，但它們所處的位置不同，after 在時間詞前，而later在時間詞后。 誤 She hid herself after the tree. 正 She hid herself behind the tree. 析 after多用來表達某動作之后，所以有的語法書中稱它為動態(tài)介詞，如：I run after him. After finishing my homework， I went to see a film. 而behind則多用于靜態(tài)事物之后。 誤 There is a beautiful bird on the tree. 正 There is a beautiful bird i

12、n the tree. 析 樹上長出的果實，樹葉要用on， 而其他外來的人、物體均要用in the tree. 誤 Shanghai is on the east of China. 正 Shanghai is in the east of China. 析 在表達地理位置時有3個介詞：in， on， to. in表示在某范圍之內(nèi)； on表示與某地區(qū)接壤；to則表示不相接。如：Japan is to the east of China. 誤 I arrived at New York on July 2nd. 正 I arrived in New York on July 2nd. 析 at用

13、來表達較小的地方，而in用來表達較大的地方。at常用于at the school gate， at home， at a bus stop， at the station， at the cinema， at a small village. 誤 He lived in No. 3 Beijing Road. 正 He lived at No. 3 Beijing Road. 析 在門牌號碼前要用at， 并要注意它的慣用法：at the end of the street， at the foot of the mountain， at the top of the page. 誤 There

14、 is a colour TV set at the corner of the hall. 正 There is a colour TV set in the corner of the hall. 析 在屋內(nèi)的角落應用in，而墻的外角用at，如：There is a tree at the corner of the street. 誤 This weekend Ill stay in Uncle Wangs. 正 This weekend Ill stay at Uncle Wangs. 析 要注意英文的特殊表達法，如：at a tailors shop （裁縫店）at a tailor

15、s， at the doctors （去看?。?at the booksellers （在書店） at uncle Wangs （在王叔叔家） 誤 Do you know there is some good news on todays newspaper？ 正 Do you know there is some good news in todays newspaper？ 析 在報紙上的新聞要用in， 而在具體某一版上，或某一頁上則要用on. 誤 The school will begin on September 1st. 正 School will begin on September

16、 1st. 析這里的school應看作不可數(shù)名詞泛指學校的課程，即開學之意。要注意，有些活動場所當表達正在從事該種活動時不要加冠詞，如：at table （吃飯）， When I came to Toms home， they were at table. 還有： at desk （學習），at work （工作） at school （上學）， in hospital （住醫(yī)院） at church 作禮拜如加上定冠詞則另有他意，如：at the school 即在學校工作或辦事，in the hospital 即在醫(yī)院工作或去看望病人。 誤 In my way to the station

17、， I bought a newspaper to kill time. 正 On my way to the station， I bought a newspaper to kill time. 析譯文為：在去車站的路上我買了份報紙，為的是消磨時光“在的路上”應用on ones way。而 in the way 有擋道之意，如：Please move the chair it is in the way. 誤 Look， the door is open， Maybe someone broke into. 正 Look， the door is open， Maybe someone b

18、roke in. 正 Look， the door is open， Maybe someone broke into the office. 析 in是表達一個靜止狀態(tài)，在與break連用時其后不加介詞賓語，而into則是動態(tài)介詞，與break連用時要加介詞賓語。 誤 Ill leave Beijing to Shanghai tomorrow. 正 Ill leave Beijing for Shanghai. 正 Ill leave for Shanghai. 析 leave for 是離開某地去某處的固定搭配，不可將for改為別的介詞。這樣的搭配還有：start for 動身前往某處，

19、set out for， sail for. 誤 Im sorry. I have to get out the bus at next stop. 正 Im sorry. I have to get out of the bus at next stop. 析 get in， 與 get out是兩個相反的詞組。get in 為上車，而get out為下車，但語法家認為這里的in與out為副詞，所以其后不能接名詞，我們可以講Wed better get in. 或Wed better get out. 還有一組詞組有關(guān)上下車：get onoff（a train， a ship， a stru

20、ck） get intoout of （a car， taxi） 誤 Be careful The temperature of the water is ninety degrees over zero. 正 Be careful. The temperature of the water is ninety degrees above zero. 析 over 與 above 在作為比某物高的意思時有時可以互換。但在垂直方向上的高矮時，即正上方時則要用above.而泛指上方時用over. 誤 There is an old stone bridge above the river. 正 T

21、here is an old stone bridge over the river. 析 over還有一意為“跨越，橫跨”。 誤 The Dead Sea is under the sea level. 正 The Dead Sea is below the sea level. 析在垂直下方要用below.也就是講above與below互為反意詞，over與under也是反意詞。 誤 There is a big tree in the front of the house. 正 There is a big tree in front of the house. 析 in front o

22、f 是在物體外部的前面，而in the front of 是在物體內(nèi)部的前面，如：The driver sits in the front of the bus. 誤 It took them two days to walk across the forest. 正 It took them two days to walk through the forest. 析 across 作為介詞有兩個主要意思： 橫過，如：I want to walk across the street. 對面，如：There is a post office across the street，而through

23、 多用于三維空間中的穿越。across則多用于平面上的橫過。如：The little girl ran across the room to meet her mother. 誤 The sun sets toward the west. 正 The sun sets in the west. 析 towards也可用作toward，它主要表達朝向某方向運動，但不一定到達，如：He ran toward（s） the mountain.而在表示方位east， west， north， south 時，其前面要用in.要注意的是這4個詞可以用作副詞，如：I went south. 也可用作名詞，

24、如：I went to the south.也可用作形容詞，如：I went to the south part of China. 誤 Do you have no other clothes except those？ 正 Do you have no other clothes besides those？ 析 beside 是“在旁邊”，如：The students stood beside their teachers.而besides是“除之外，不僅而且，除了以外還有”，如：I studied English besides French， when I was in colleg

25、e. 而except 則是從同一類物體中去掉某一部分，如：I come here every day except Sunday. 而except for 是指去掉不同種類的事物，如：The room is clean except for two chairs. 而except that則要加從句。 誤 Can I write the exam paper with ink？ 正 Can I write the exam paper with a pen？ 正 Can I write the exam paper in ink？ 析 with后要加拿得起來放得下的工具，而墨水、顏料等原料則要

26、用in. 誤 Im earlier today. I came here by his car. 正 Im earlier today. I came here in his car. 析在交通工具前加介詞by，但不能再有任何指示代詞或冠詞，否則要改換相應的介詞。by taxi=in a taxi by train=in a train by bicycle=on a bicycle by ship=on a ship by boat=in a boat by bus=on a bus by plane=on a plane by air 空運 by land 陸運 by sea 海運 on

27、foot on horseback by phone by letter by radio by air mail by hand 誤 A lot of French wines are made of grape. 正 A lot of French wines are made from grape. 析 made of 是指由原材料到成品過程中原材料未發(fā)生質(zhì)地的變化，而發(fā)生了某種變化則要用from，如：The desk was made of hard wood. 誤 This is a good dictionary in English grammar. 正 This is a go

28、od dictionary on English grammar. 析關(guān)于某方面的書籍、報告等有兩個介詞，其中on表示某專業(yè)用書，about則為某方面的普通讀物，如：This is a book about physics.即物理科普知識。 誤 Do you have the key of the door. 正 Do you have the key to the door. 析 key to the door門的鑰匙。相同用法還有answer to the question， entrance to the highway， danger to health.千萬不要用of. 誤 Toda

29、y a lot of Chinese people have interest of collecting stamps. 正 Today a lot of Chinese people have interest in collecting stamps. 析 have interest in是在某方面有興趣。 誤 I didnt do my homework， so the teacher was angry to me. 正 I didnt do my homework， so the teacher was angry with me. 析 be angry with其后接人，而be

30、angry at其后接事。如：He was angry at what she said. 誤 He was good for skating. 正 He was good at skating. 析 be good at 為“擅長某事”，而be good for somebody為對某人很好。 誤 It was good to you to help my little boy. 正 It was good of you to help my little boy. 析 這句話應譯為：你真太好了，幫助了我的小孩。而be good to somebody 是對某人態(tài)度好。如：Her mother is good to everyone. 誤 My parents were very pleased at me. 正 My parents were very pleased with me. 正 My parents were very pleased at my studying. 析 be pleased with后加somebody， 而be pleased at后加something. 誤