合同翻譯(重點)

1、 8.1 Basic Concept of ContractAn agreement between two or more parties that is enforceable by law, a legally enforceable and legally binding agreement. Contract is a legally enforceable agreement.99年中國合同法: Contracts referred to in this Law are agreements establishing, modifying and terminating the c

2、ivil rights and obligations between subjects of equal footing, that is, between natural persons, legal persons or other organizations. 合同英語屬于莊重文體（frozen style），是各種英語文體中正式程度最高的一種?？傮w來說，這種正式性體現(xiàn)在內容的專業(yè)性、語言的嚴謹性和結構的完整性等方面。A recent definition of contract is “the relations among parties to the process of pro

3、jecting exchange into the future.”O(jiān)ne of the merits of this definition is that it stresses that a contract establishes an interrelationship among the contracting parties that is broader than their promises and agreement.8.2 The Structure of a Contract/Standardizing the Structure 8.2.1 Preamble of a

4、contract8.2.2 Main body of a contract8.2.3 Final clauses of a contract/witness clauseHow to check the contracts?*Validity Clause of Contracts*Definition and Whereas*Assignment and Guaranty*Rescission and Termination*Default and Escape*Arbitration and Jurisdiction8.2.1 Preamble of a contract國際商務合同的前言

5、部分，主要包括兩個方面國際商務合同的前言部分，主要包括兩個方面的內容：的內容：其一，說明合同簽訂的其一，說明合同簽訂的時間、地點以及合同雙時間、地點以及合同雙方的名稱方的名稱、營業(yè)地點、依某國某法成立和存在。、營業(yè)地點、依某國某法成立和存在。 其二，其二，“鑒于條款鑒于條款”（whereas clause），），說明簽訂合同的背景情況以及簽約的目的和原說明簽訂合同的背景情況以及簽約的目的和原則。則。Example: (1)THIS CONTRACT, made and entered into in (place of signature) on this _ day of _ , 20_,

6、20_年年_月月_日日（簽約地點）（簽約地點）by and between (name of the party), a corporation duly organized and existing under the laws of (name of country) with its domicile at (address) (hereinafter referred to as Party A), 按按（國家名稱）（國家名稱）法律組建成立的，法律組建成立的，營業(yè)地點在（公司地址）營業(yè)地點在（公司地址）的的_公司公司（以下稱作（以下稱作甲方甲方）and (name of the par

7、ty), a company incorporated and existing under the laws of (name of country) with its domicile at (address) (hereinafter referred to as Party B)，按（按（國家名稱國家名稱）法律注冊成立的、）法律注冊成立的、營業(yè)地點在（公司地址）營業(yè)地點在（公司地址）的的_公公司（以下簡稱司（以下簡稱乙方乙方）.中國中國ABC公司，公司， 總公司設總公司設中國上海（以下簡稱賣方）中國上海（以下簡稱賣方）美國美國XYZ公司，公司， 總公司設總公司設美國紐約州紐約市（以下簡

8、稱買方）美國紐約州紐約市（以下簡稱買方）1998年年3月月29日日中國上海，雙方同意按下述條件買賣下列貨物：中國上海，雙方同意按下述條件買賣下列貨物： this 29th day of March, 1998 Shanghai, China ABC Corporation. China (hereinafter referred to as “Seller”), a Corporation having its principal office in Shanghai, China who agrees to sell, XYZ Corporation (hereinafter referre

9、d to as “Buyer”), a Corporation having its principal office in New York, USA, who agrees to buy the following goods on the terms and conditions as below: 本合同由本合同由AA公司（以下稱買方）和公司（以下稱買方）和BB有限公司（以下稱賣方）于有限公司（以下稱賣方）于2007年年8月月8日簽定。憑此，買方同意購買、賣方同意出售本貨物，其條款如下日簽定。憑此，買方同意購買、賣方同意出售本貨物，其條款如下: This Contract is mad

10、e on August 8th,2007 by and between AA Corporation (hereinafter referred to as “the Buyer”) and BB Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as “the Seller”) whereby the Buyer agrees to buy and the Seller agrees to sell the following goods on the terms and conditions as follows:Preamble of a Contract 雙方同意按下述條款買

11、賣下列貨物雙方同意按下述條款買賣下列貨物. Both parties agree to buy and sell the following goods on the terms and conditions as below. 買方同意購買、賣方同意出售本貨物，其條款如下買方同意購買、賣方同意出售本貨物，其條款如下. The Buyer agrees to buy and the Seller agrees to sell the following goods on the terms and conditions as follows.WITNESSETH THAT茲證明：茲證明： WH

12、EREAS Party A has been a leading trading company in the field of the said products and is willing to arrange the manufacture, assembly and marketing of the said products, and _ WHEREAS both parties are desirous to establish a joint venture company to manufacture, assemble and market the said product

13、s. _ NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and mutual covenants herein contained, the parties hereto agree as follows: (NOW, therefore, the parties hereto agree as follows:)8.2.2. Main body of a contract 定義條款定義條款（Definition clause) 基本條款基本條款（Basic conditions) 一般條款一般條款（General terms and con

14、ditions)合同有效期限合同有效期限 （Duration)Duration)終止終止 (Termination)(Termination)不可抗力不可抗力 （Force Majeure)Force Majeure)合同的讓與合同的讓與 （Assignment)Assignment)仲裁仲裁 （Arbitration)Arbitration)適用法律適用法律 （governing law) governing law) 訴訟管轄訴訟管轄 （Jurisdiction)Jurisdiction)通知手續(xù)通知手續(xù) （Notice)Notice)合同的修改合同的修改 （Amendment)Amend

15、ment)其他其他 （Others)Others)Example 2:Arbitration:All disputes arising from the performance of this Contract should be settled through friendly negotiation.一切因一切因執(zhí)行執(zhí)行本合同本合同引起引起的的爭議爭議，均應由雙方友好，均應由雙方友好協(xié)商協(xié)商解決。解決。Should no settlement be reached through negotiation, the case shall be submitted for arbitratio

16、n in the Country where the defendant resides.如協(xié)商如協(xié)商不能解決，則不能解決，則應提交仲裁應提交仲裁，仲裁應在，仲裁應在被告被告所在國進行。所在國進行。If the arbitration takes place in China, the case shall be submitted to the Foreign Trade Arbitration Commission of the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade, Shanghai and the arbitrat

17、ion rules of this Commission shall be applied.如仲裁如仲裁在中國，應提交應提交上海中國國際貿易促進委員會國際貿易促進委員會對外貿易仲裁委員會對外貿易仲裁委員會，按照其仲裁規(guī)則進行仲裁。If the arbitration takes place in the USA, the case shall be submitted to the Foreign Trade Arbitration Commission of Council for the Promotion of International Trade, N.Y. and the arbi

18、tration rules of this arbitration organization shall be applied.如仲裁如仲裁在美國，應提交應提交紐約國際貿易促進委員會國際貿易促進委員會對外貿易仲裁委員會對外貿易仲裁委員會，按照其仲裁規(guī)則進行仲裁。The award of the arbitration shall be final and binding upon both parties. The arbitration fee shall be born by the losing party unless otherwise awarded by the arbitrat

19、ion organization.該仲裁委員會的裁決裁決為終局性的為終局性的，對雙方均有約束力有約束力，仲裁費用，除非仲裁委員會另有裁定，即由敗方承擔。Example 1: Penalty：(1) Failure to Make Timely Delivery 未按期交貨未按期交貨. In the event the Seller for its own sake fails to make delivery of all the goods on time as stipulated in this contract, the Seller shall pay a penalty to th

20、e Buyer. 如果如果賣方由于自身原因未能按合同規(guī)定按期交付全部貨物，賣方應應向買方支付違約金。(2) Failure to Timely Open the Letter of Credit 未按期開立信用證未按期開立信用證 In the event that the Buyer for its own sake fails to open the Letter of Credit on time as stipulated in this contract, the Buyer shall pay a penalty to the Seller. 如果如果買方由于自身原因未能未能按合同規(guī)

21、定及時開立信用證，買方應應支付賣方違約金違約金。 Arbitration仲裁仲裁: 有關本合同買賣雙方之間所引起的任何糾紛，爭議有關本合同買賣雙方之間所引起的任何糾紛，爭議,或歧見或歧見,可可付諸仲裁付諸仲裁. .Arbitration: Any disputes, controversies or differences which may arise between the parties in connection with this Contract may be referred to arbitration. Arbitration 仲裁條款仲裁條款: (1) 凡因履行本合同所發(fā)生

22、的或與本合同有關的任何爭議凡因履行本合同所發(fā)生的或與本合同有關的任何爭議,雙方應通過友好協(xié)商雙方應通過友好協(xié)商解決解決.如果通過協(xié)商仍不能達成協(xié)議時如果通過協(xié)商仍不能達成協(xié)議時,應提交仲裁解決應提交仲裁解決. (2) 仲裁裁決是終局的仲裁裁決是終局的,對雙方均有約束力對雙方均有約束力. (3)除非仲裁委員會另有裁定除非仲裁委員會另有裁定,仲裁費用由敗訴方負擔仲裁費用由敗訴方負擔. Arbitration: (1) Any dispute arising from the execution or in connection with the Contract shall be settled

23、through friendly negotiation. In case no settlement can be reached through negotiation, the dispute shall be submitted for arbitration (2) The arbitration award shall be final and binding upon both parties. (3) The arbitration fee shall be borne by the losing party unless otherwise awarded by the co

24、mmission.Example 3：Force MajeureNeither party shall be held responsible for failure or delay to perform all or any part of this Contract due to flood, fire, earthquake, snowstorm, hailstorm, hurricane, war, government prohibition or any other events that are unforeseeable at the time of the executio

25、n of this Contract and could not be controlled, avoided or overcome by such party.任何一方如果由于洪水、火災、地震、雪暴、雹暴、龍卷風、戰(zhàn)爭、政策禁令或其他在合同簽訂時無法預見并不能控制、不可避免或無法克服的事件致使不能或遲延履行合同的全部或一部分時，該方不承擔責任。However, the party whose performance is affected by the event of Force Majeure shall give a notice to the other party of its

26、occurrence as soon as possible and a certificate or a document of the occurrence of the Force Majeure event issued by the relative authority or a neutral independent third party shall be sent to the other party by airmail not later than 15 days after its occurrence.但是，受不可抗力影響不可抗力影響的一方應應立即通知另一方，并不晚于事

27、件發(fā)生后15天向另一方航空郵寄有關當局或獨立的中立第三方出具的發(fā)生此種事件的證明書或文件。Force Majeure 如果不可抗力事件持續(xù)如果不可抗力事件持續(xù)120天以上天以上,任何一方有權終止合同任何一方有權終止合同. In the event that Force Majeure lasts over 120 days, both parties shall have the right to terminate the contract.Force Majeure 因不可抗力致使賣方不能或推遲交貨時,賣方不負責任. In case of Force Majeure, the seller

28、 shall not be held responsible for late delivery or non-delivery of the goods. 由于戰(zhàn)爭,水災,火災,臺風,地震或其他不可抗力原因,致使賣方不能在合同規(guī)定期限內交貨或不能交貨, 賣方不負責任. In case of Force Majeure such as war, fire, flood, typhoon and earthquake or other events of Force Majeure , the seller shall not be held responsible for delay in d

29、elivery or non-delivery of the goods.Example4. Claims: Except those claims for which a third party is liable, should the quality, specifications, quantity, weight, packing and requirements for safety or sanitation/hygiene of the goods be found not in conformity with the stipulations to this contract

30、, the Buyer shall give a written notice of claims to the Seller and shall have the right to lodge claims against the Seller based on the Inspection Certificate issued by the Inspection Organization provided in Clauses 14.2 to this Contract within 21 days from the date of completion of unloading of t

31、he goods at the port of unloading. In the event of nonconformity, the Seller shall promptly repair or replace such goods or supply the quantity that is deficient. 除了第三方應負責任的索賠，如發(fā)現(xiàn)貨物的質量、規(guī)格、數(shù)量、重量、包裝及涉及安全或衛(wèi)生/保健等方面和合同的規(guī)定不一致，買方應對賣方發(fā)出書面通知并有權根據(jù)第14條第2款中所述的有關檢驗當局出據(jù)的檢驗證書對賣方提出索賠。索賠應在卸貨港卸貨完成后21天內提出。如發(fā)生不一致，賣方應立即

32、修理或更換這些貨物或補充數(shù)量。 In the event that the Buyer does not make such claim within the above-mentioned time-limit, the Buyer shall forfeit its right to make a claim with respect to the quantity deficiency or the apparent quality defect. 如果買方未在上述期限內提出索賠，則買方將視為放棄對貨物數(shù)量不足或明顯的質量瑕疵索賠的權利。 Example 5. Termination:

33、合同的解除合同的解除 Except as provided elsewhere, this Contract may be terminated in either of the following cases: 除非另有約定，該合同將在下述情況下解除：1) Through mutual written agreement by both parties; 雙方共同達成書面協(xié)議； 2) If the other party fails to perform its obligations within the time-limit agreed upon in this Contract, a

34、nd fails to eliminate or remedy such breach within 7 days following the receipt of the notice thereof from the non-breaching party. 如果另一方未能在合同約定的時間內履行其義務，并且在收到未違約方通知后起七天內未能消除違約或采取補救措施In such case the non-breaching party shall give a written notice to the other party to terminate this Contract.在此情況下，

35、未違約方應書面通知違約方解除合同。 8.2.3 Final clauses of a contract/witness clause結尾條款主要應明確的內容有： 合同使用的文字及其效力使用的文字及其效力 (Languages in which the contract is to be written and its validity)。 有時還應訂立對合同進行修改或補充的內容對合同進行修改或補充的內容，并明確在合同結尾規(guī)定附件附件為本合同不可分割的組成部分。(3) 在合同結尾部分還應明確規(guī)定：合同在雙方授權代表簽字后合同在雙方授權代表簽字后正式生效正式生效。 Example 11.This

36、Contract is made out in two originals, each copy written in Chinese and English languages, both texts being equally valid. In case of any divergence of interpretation, the Chinese text shall prevail. 本合同正文一式兩份，分別以中文和英文書寫，兩種文本具有同等效力。若對其解釋產(chǎn)生異議，則(將將)以中文本為準。2. Any amendment and/or supplement to this con

37、tract shall be valid only after the authorized representatives of both parties have signed written documents (s), forming integral part(s) of this Contract.本合同的任何修改和補充修改和補充，只有在雙方授權的代表授權的代表在書面文件上簽字后才才能生效生效，并成為本合同不可分割的不可分割的組成部分。3.This Contract shall come into force after the signatures by the authoriz

38、ed representatives of both parties.本合同將將在雙方授權代表簽字后正式生效。Example 2 本合同的簽署需在見證人出席下經(jīng)雙方簽字本合同的簽署需在見證人出席下經(jīng)雙方簽字.自買賣雙方簽署之日起生效。自買賣雙方簽署之日起生效。 本合同用中文和英文兩種文字寫成本合同用中文和英文兩種文字寫成,一式兩份一式兩份, 雙方各執(zhí)一份雙方各執(zhí)一份.如中文本與英如中文本與英文本出現(xiàn)差異文本出現(xiàn)差異,以英文本為準以英文本為準. This Contract shall be signed by the Buyer and the Seller in the presence of

39、 witness and be effected commencing from the date of signing. This contract shall be made in duplicate, both in English and Chinese and Each Party shall keep one copy. In case of any discrepancies between the Chinese and the English copy, the English copy shall govern. Example 3. 本合同用中英文兩種文字寫成本合同用中英文兩種文字寫成,兩種文字具有同等效力兩種文字具有同等效力,自自雙方代表簽雙方代表簽(蓋章蓋章)之日起生效之日起生效. 買方代表買方代表 (簽字簽字): _ 賣方代表賣方代表 (簽字簽字): _This Contract shall be written in Chinese and English. Both versions are equally auth