2021年中考英語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練10被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)含解析

1、考點(diǎn)10 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一、教材重點(diǎn)回顧：1、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的含義英語(yǔ)中時(shí)態(tài)很多，但語(yǔ)態(tài)不多，只有兩種，即: 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。所謂“被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)”，相當(dāng)于中文中常說的“被”“由”的句式，其主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。如:“他的自行車被偷了?！?，“這座樓房是由他們建造的?！?、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)那么，英語(yǔ)中被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是怎么樣構(gòu)成的呢?請(qǐng)看下面的例句(注意劃線部分): this is called “the greenhouse effect.”they are called renewable sources.通過上面的例句，可以看出，“被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)”的構(gòu)成是: be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+（by+動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者）3、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的運(yùn)

2、用：下面幾種情況一般要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(1)不知道誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或沒有必要。例如: paper is made from wood. 紙是由木材生產(chǎn)出來的。he was wounded in the fight. 他在戰(zhàn)斗在受傷了。 electricity is used to run machines. 電是用來開動(dòng)機(jī)器的。 (2) 不需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的對(duì)象時(shí)。例如:calculator cant be used in the maths exam.計(jì)算器不能用于數(shù)學(xué)考試。books in the reading room mustn t be taken away. 閱覽室的書籍不準(zhǔn)帶走。(3)

3、句子的主語(yǔ)是物。spanish is spoken as the official language there.在那里西班牙語(yǔ)被當(dāng)作官方語(yǔ)言來說。4、各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：最主要是要掌握be動(dòng)詞的各種時(shí)態(tài)變化:1）、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 am/is/are +動(dòng)詞的過去分詞one is known as the one-child policy.其中一項(xiàng)被稱為獨(dú)生子女政策sea waves are used for producing electricity.海浪用來發(fā)電。2）、一般過去式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài): was/ were +動(dòng)詞的過去分詞big family were crowded int

4、o small houses.大家庭被擠一間小房子里。electric vehicles were developed in the 1990s.電動(dòng)汽車是20世紀(jì)90年代被發(fā)展了。3）、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài): am /is/ are + being+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞a new factory is being built in our city now.現(xiàn)在我們市里一家新工廠正在被興建。some trees are being cut down in the park.一些公園里的樹木正在被砍伐。4）、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài): was/were+ being+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞a new facto

5、ry was being built in our city at that time.那時(shí)候在我們市里一家新工廠正在被興建。some babies were being looked after by miss chen last year. 去年，一些寶寶正在被陳小姐照看著。5）、一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):(a) will/shall + be +動(dòng)詞的過去分詞(b) am/ is / are + going to be +動(dòng)詞的過去分詞.some new factories will be built in our city this year.今年我們市里將要興建一些新工廠。your wa

6、tch is going to be mended in an hour.你的手表將在一小時(shí)內(nèi)（被）修好。6）、過去將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):(1).would/ should + be+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞(2).was/ wee +going to be +動(dòng)詞的過去分詞.she said that some new factories would be built in our city. 她說在我們市里將要興建一些新工廠。he thought that your watch was going to be mended after an hour. 他認(rèn)為你的手表將在一個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)被修好。 7）、現(xiàn)在完

7、成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)have /has + been+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞their materials have been changed so that it feels more comfortable.它們的材料已經(jīng)被更換了，為了它摸起來更舒服。8）、過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)had + been+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞he said that some new factories had been built in the city. 他說在市里一些新工廠已經(jīng)被興建了。9）、含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)式: can/may/must + be + donea lot of water can be saved by fo

8、rests.大量的水可以被森林儲(chǔ)存下來。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：1.從句子意義上說，就是重新找出“什么事物”作為句子的主語(yǔ)，來表示是“被完成”的。例1. 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài): 人們說英語(yǔ)。people speak english in many countries.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài): 英語(yǔ)被說。english is spoken in many countries.例2.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):我們?cè)爝@座橋。we built this bridge last year.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):這座橋被建造。this bridge was built last year.2、從語(yǔ)法角度說，把原句的賓語(yǔ)改成主語(yǔ)。例1.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài): 小王邀請(qǐng)你(賓語(yǔ)

9、) xiao liu has invited you to a lunch party.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài): 你(賓語(yǔ))被邀請(qǐng)。you has been invited to a lunch party by xiaowang.例2.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):你不準(zhǔn)帶走雜志(賓語(yǔ))you must not take these magazines out of the reading-room.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):雜志(賓語(yǔ))不準(zhǔn)被帶走these magazines must not be taken out of the reading-room.例3. (可接雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞如：give, send, show, buy等變被動(dòng)

10、語(yǔ)態(tài)可有二種變化形式）。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):他們授給他(賓語(yǔ))枚獎(jiǎng)?wù)?賓語(yǔ)).they gave him a medal for his wonderful work.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):他(賓語(yǔ))被授予一枚獎(jiǎng)?wù)?he was given a medal for his wonderful work.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài): 一枚獎(jiǎng)?wù)?賓語(yǔ))被授給了他.a medal was given to him for his wonderful work.二、中考考點(diǎn)梳理1、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)：be +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞(p. p)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的不同時(shí)態(tài)是通過be的時(shí)態(tài)變化來表示的，其人稱和數(shù)方面應(yīng)與主語(yǔ)保持致其具體變化為:一般現(xiàn)在時(shí): am

11、/is/ are+p. p.一般過去時(shí): was/ were+p. p.一般將來時(shí): shall / will be +p. p.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí): have / has been +p. p.過去完成時(shí): had been +p. p.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí): am/is/ are +being+p. p.過去進(jìn)行時(shí): was/were +being+p. p.過去將來時(shí): should / would be +p. p.含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu):情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+p. p.2、 初中教材中常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的表達(dá)有：1. be covered with被覆蓋2. be made of由制作(發(fā)生物理變化)be made

12、 from由制作(發(fā)生化學(xué)變化)be made in由(某地)制造be made by被(某人)制造3. be used for被用來be used as被當(dāng)作(作為)來使用be used to do sth.被用來做某事4. it is said that.據(jù)說it is hoped that.希望it is well known that.眾所周知its reported that 據(jù)報(bào)道 its not decided that尚未決定its believed that 據(jù)認(rèn)為 its announced that據(jù)宣布3. 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表被動(dòng)的情況(1) open, lock, write

13、, read, sell, clean, watch, cut, burn, drive等詞作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，它們的主語(yǔ)為物，可用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表被動(dòng)意義。如:this kind of pen writes very smoothly.這種鋼筆寫起來很流暢。(2) look, sound, taste, smell, fell 等系動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表被動(dòng)意義。如:light music sounds soft.輕音樂聽起來很柔和。(3)be worth doing用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。如:this book is worth reading.這本書值得一讀。(4) want/ need/ require

14、 + doing相當(dāng)于want/ need/require+to be done。to be done為不定式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。my bike needs repairing. = my bike needs to be repaired.我的自行車需要被修理。4.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種特殊形式1). 一感(fee1) 二聽(1isten, hear) 三讓(make, 1et, have) 四看(look, see,watch, notice)以上動(dòng)詞做謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中與省略to的不定時(shí)連用，而在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中要與帶to的不定時(shí)連用，即:主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)to省略，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)to回來。i often see hi

15、m help the old.我經(jīng)?？吹剿麕椭先?。he is often seen to help the old by me.他經(jīng)常被我看到幫助老人。2).雙賓語(yǔ)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，直接或間接賓語(yǔ)均可轉(zhuǎn)化為主語(yǔ)，但直接賓語(yǔ)變主語(yǔ)時(shí)，間接賓語(yǔ)前常加上介詞or或to。jack bought a gift for me. 杰克為我買了一份禮物。a gift was bought for by jack. 或i was bought a gift by jack.3).一些動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，要是為一個(gè)整體，不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞。we must finish the work carefully

16、. 我們必須認(rèn)真完成這項(xiàng)工作。the work must be finished carefully by us.這項(xiàng)工作必須由我們認(rèn)真完成。4).帶有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，只變賓語(yǔ)為被動(dòng)句主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)不變。i asked her to go with me.我叫她跟我一起去。she was asked to go with me.她被我叫著一起去。5.不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況1).謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)時(shí)，不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如: happen, take place, take off 等。2).有些及物動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)也無被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如: cost, leave, enter,

17、reach, have, wish, belong to, mind 等。3).賓語(yǔ)為反身代詞、相互代詞、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞等時(shí)，不能變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。4).系動(dòng)詞無被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如: be, become, feel, get, look, seem, smell, sound, taste, turn等。1、 典例分類1. his car _ five years ago, but it looks quite new. a. buys b.bought c.is bought d.was bought 【答案】d 【解析】考查一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句子有個(gè)明顯的一般過去時(shí)標(biāo)志詞ago, 故確定用一

18、般過去時(shí)。根據(jù)題意，他的小車是被他買的。所以用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故答案是 was bought d。2. -tom is always careless with his schoolwork. could you help him?-no problem! i think he to think twice before starting.a. should be told b. shouldnt be told c. should tell【答案】a 【解析】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)題意應(yīng)該是tom他應(yīng)該被告訴開始行動(dòng)前要三思。所以得是should be told，答案是a。3. around

19、 the world, 300 million tons of plastic _each year, of which about 10 percent ends up in the sea.a. is created b. was created c. creates【答案】a 【解析】考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。該句中3億噸塑料每年被制造出來了，主語(yǔ)是塑料，所以還得是用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故答案選a。4. -where will the 2022 winter olympics _ , cindy? -in beijing, the capital of china, the first city

20、to host both summer and winter olympics. a.be taken place b.take place c.take part d.be taken part 【答案】b 【解析】考查不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊情況。當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)時(shí)，不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如: happen, take place, take off 等。所以答案選b。5. -dr. bethune helped a lot of chinese in the 1930s, he is a great international soldier. -i know, so he _

21、still _ in both china and canada now. a. has; remembered b.is; remembered c.will; remember d.is ; remembering 【答案】b 【解析】考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。意思是白求恩現(xiàn)在還被中國(guó)和加拿大人們所紀(jì)念。故答案用b。6. gina went to the doctors yesterday and she _ about the importance of good living habits once more. a.told b.is told c.was told d.has tol

22、d 【答案】c 【解析】考查一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。gina是昨天去看醫(yī)生時(shí)被醫(yī)生告知好的生活習(xí)慣的重要性。所以答案是c。7. these machines _ in their factory by themselves last year. a.make b.made c.are made d.were made 【答案】d 【解析】考查一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)題意：這些機(jī)器去年是在他們工廠里被制造的。be made in+地點(diǎn)，表示在哪里被制造。故答案選d。8. its reported the medals for the 2020 olympic games in tokyo _ f

23、rom 100% recycled material.a. are making b. have made c. is made d. will be made【答案】d 【解析】考查一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句子中的時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞是2020年，是一般將來時(shí)。而獎(jiǎng)牌是被制作的。所以得用一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，will be made，故用答案d。另：be made from 用做的（看不出原料）。9. the villagers expect that the building of the bridge _ before the rainy season comes. a. is completed

24、b. was completed c. will be completed d. has been completed【答案】c 【解析】考查一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意是村民們希望在雨季之前修好橋，是一般將來時(shí)。所以用一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故答案用c。10. -lucy, what have you learnt from this history class?-paper _fast _about 2,000 years ago in china.a. is; invented b. was; invented c. is; inventing d. was; inventing【答案】b

25、【解析】考查一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句子有明顯的一般過去時(shí)標(biāo)志詞2,000 years ago, 故確定用一般過去時(shí)。紙張是被發(fā)明出來的，所以用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故答案為b。11. the hong kongzhuhaimacao bridge in 2018. we are proud of it. a. is completed b. is completing c. was completed d. completes【答案】c 【解析】考查一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句子中的時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞是2018年，是一般過去時(shí)。而港珠澳大橋是被修建的。所以得用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故用答案c。12. the chin

26、a international search and rescue team has brought help and hope to people in disasters around the world since it 18 years ago.a. set up b.is set up c. was set up d. will be set up【答案】c 【解析】考查一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句子中的時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞是18 years ago，是一般過去時(shí)。中國(guó)國(guó)際救援隊(duì)是18年前被創(chuàng)建的，所以得用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故用答案c。二、易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)撥1. the 2021 internati

27、onal horticultural expo _ in yangzhou. a. holds b. will hold c. is held d. will be held【答案】d 【解析】考查一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。2021年是一般將來時(shí)，園藝博覽會(huì)將在2021年被舉辦。所以用一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。很多人會(huì)用習(xí)慣性思維直接選b. will hold，這是思慮不周全的結(jié)果。所以答案選 d。2. unluckily, notre dame de pairs（巴黎圣母院）_ this april. we felt so sad for that. a.was burnt b.is burnt c

28、.has been burnt 【答案】d 【解析】考查一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。巴黎圣母院今年四月被燒了，明顯是一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故答案選d。有些人會(huì)覺得this april是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從而錯(cuò)誤地選了b。3. in chinese culture , children born in the year of the monkey _ to be smart. a.say b.said c.will be said d.are said【答案】d 【解析】考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。題意為在中國(guó)的文化里，猴年出生的孩子被說是聰明的。用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況是顯而易見的。故答案用d。4.ababysfi

29、rstmonthbirthdayisaspecialeventinchina and_withaspecial party.a.celebrates b.iscelebrated c.wascelebrated d.willcelebrate【答案】b 【解析】考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。首先寶寶的滿月生日是被慶祝的。而and前后的be動(dòng)詞形式要一致， 前面是is a special event，所以后面也用is celebrated。所以答案選b。5. it is said that one greater bay area university _ in guangdong in the f

30、uture. a.will be built b. build c. will build d. is built【答案】a 【解析】考查一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句子有明確的將來時(shí)in the future, 大學(xué)又是被舉辦的，所以用will be built。有些人在粗心地選答案 c.will build。6. - i enjoy walking on the clean streets in the morning. -you know they _ by the hard-working cleaners every day. a. clean b. are cleaned c. are

31、cleaning d. will clean【答案】b 【解析】考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。題中的這些街道每天早上是被辛勤的清潔工們清掃干凈了的。句中有明顯的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的標(biāo)志詞by, 所以用are cleaned。故答案選 b。 7. -im tired of cleaning the house. -sweeping robotsmore and more widely_ today. why not buy one?a. are used b. were used c. are using d. used【答案】a 【解析】考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。題中的意思是說，掃地機(jī)器人現(xiàn)在越來越廣泛地被

32、使用了，所以是用are used。但是有很多人看到today就會(huì)選用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)are using，屬于理解有誤。8. -oh, your room is too dirty, mike! -sorry, mum. it _yesterday. i forgot to do it.a. didnt clean b. isnt cleaned c. was cleaned d. wasnt cleaned【答案】d 【解析】考查一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意是我的房間昨天沒有被打掃，有yesterday這樣的過去時(shí)標(biāo)志詞，所以只能選擇wasnt cleaned。9.（2019湖南益陽(yáng)） a lot o

33、f trees _ every spring in yiyang city. a. plant b. is planted c. are planted【答案】c 【解析】考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。由every spring可知本句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，大量的樹被種植。故答案選c. are planted. 10. these cakes_ with chocolate. have one, please.a. fill b. filled c. are filled d. were filled【答案】c 【解析】考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。題目的意思是這些蛋糕里被塞了巧克力，所以選 c. are

34、filled。此題要注意不要選d.were filled了，有的人說這些蛋糕里被塞了巧克力是已經(jīng)完成了這個(gè)動(dòng)作，要用一般過去時(shí)。其實(shí)不然，這里只是說明這些蛋糕現(xiàn)在這時(shí)的狀態(tài)，僅僅是說明它們現(xiàn)在的形態(tài)，與動(dòng)作無關(guān)。1. - perfect photos! good skills! - thank you. they _ by my huawei mobile phone. in fact, i am not skillful at all.atook bwere taken cwill be taken【答案】b 【解析】考查一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。此題雖然沒有明確的表示一般過去時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞，但是經(jīng)

35、過理解可得知，這些照片是已經(jīng)被拍了的，所以用were taken. 答案選 b。2. -the passenger refused to move after taking another ones seat! -what a shame! he according to the newly credit system(誠(chéng)信體系). a. punish b. punished c. will punish d. will be punished【答案】d 【解析】考查一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。意思是他將會(huì)受到新出的誠(chéng)信體系的懲罰的。所以用will be punished.3. paper firs

36、t about two thousand years ago in china by cai lun.a. is; inventingb. is; invented c. has; inventedd. was; invented【答案】d 【解析】考查一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。two thousand years ago就表明了此句是用一般過去時(shí)，紙張被發(fā)明的，故用 was invented. 答案為d。4. as one of the most exciting sports, volleyball _ in the olympic games in 1954. a.included b.is

37、 included c.was included 【答案】c 【解析】考查一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。排球在1954年被納入奧運(yùn)會(huì)的項(xiàng)目的了，典型的一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故答案選c。5. my advice on how to save paper by my class last monday.a. accepts b. accepted c. was accepted d. is accepted【答案】c 【解析】考查一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。last monday.上周一是過去時(shí)，全句意思我的建議被全班所接受了。故選 was accepted。6. in february, chinese tech company huawei_mate x，a foldable（可折疊的）5g mobile phone. a. is introducing b.introduced c.introduces d.was introduced【答案】b 【解析】考查一般過去時(shí)。此題華為公司在今年二月份是主動(dòng)地發(fā)布了mate x這款可折疊5g手機(jī)，故用一般過去時(shí)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)就可以了。7. -its reported th