2022版高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法專題突破專題十名詞性從句學(xué)案含解析外研版

1、專題十名詞性從句 考點(diǎn)精講 考點(diǎn)一名詞性從句的種類1主語(yǔ)從句it作形式主語(yǔ)，常見(jiàn)的句型有：(1)itbe形容詞(obvious，true，natural，surprising，important，good，wonderful，funny，possible，likely，certain，probable，etc. )that從句。(2)itbe名詞詞組(no wonder，an honor，a good thing，a pity，no surprise，etc. )that從句。(3)itbe過(guò)去分詞(said，reported，thought，expected，decided，announce

2、d，arranged，etc. )that從句。it is important that this mission (should) not fail. 這項(xiàng)使命不失敗至關(guān)重要。(4)it 不及物動(dòng)詞(seem，appear，happen，matter等) that從句。it doesnt matter whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store. 在這個(gè)商店里你用現(xiàn)金支付還是信用卡支付都沒(méi)有關(guān)系。2表語(yǔ)從句(1)because引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句強(qiáng)調(diào)原因，而why引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。if im a bit sleepy，its be

3、cause i was up all night. 如果我有點(diǎn)困，是因?yàn)橐灰箾](méi)睡。thats why i object to the plan. 這就是我反對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃的原因。(2)由as if/as though引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句now it was as though she had known millie for years. 現(xiàn)在好像她認(rèn)識(shí)米莉已有好多年了似的。3賓語(yǔ)從句(1)形式賓語(yǔ)it：在動(dòng)詞find，feel，consider，make，believe，think等后面有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的時(shí)候則需要用it作形式賓語(yǔ)而將that賓語(yǔ)從句后置。i think it necessary that

4、 we take plenty of water every day. 我認(rèn)為我們每天多喝水是有必要的。(2)有些動(dòng)詞不能直接跟賓語(yǔ)從句，需要借助形式賓語(yǔ)it。常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有l(wèi)ike，dislike，hate，love，enjoy，appreciate等。he hates it when people use his bike. 他討厭別人用他的自行車。4同位語(yǔ)從句(1)分隔式同位語(yǔ)從句the news got about that he had won a car in the lottery. 消息傳開(kāi)說(shuō)他中彩得了一輛汽車。(2)同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別同位語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)前面名詞的內(nèi)容進(jìn)一步解

5、釋、說(shuō)明，引導(dǎo)詞that只起引導(dǎo)作用，在句中不作任何成分，一般不可省略。定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)前面名詞進(jìn)行修飾、限制，引導(dǎo)詞在句中作一定的句子成分。the news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school. 他們贏得比賽的消息很快就傳遍了整個(gè)學(xué)校。(同位語(yǔ)從句，進(jìn)一步解釋the news的內(nèi)容)the news (that) you told me yesterday was really disappointing. 你昨天告訴我的消息真的很令人失望。(定語(yǔ)從句，它指的是“你昨天告訴我的那個(gè)消息”)特別提示：that，w

6、hat引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別：that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，在從句中不作任何成分，that本身無(wú)意義，只起連接作用。what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，在從句中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)，what表示“什么”；“的東西或事情”。請(qǐng)比較：what i need is more time. (what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作賓語(yǔ))that i need more time to do the work is very clear. (that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，在從句中不作任何成分)the village is no longer what it used to be. (what引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作表語(yǔ))i ha

7、d no idea what we should do next. (what引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作賓語(yǔ))he will tell us what he saw in london. (what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作賓語(yǔ))考點(diǎn)二whether/if(是否)引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句1whether和if在賓語(yǔ)從句中經(jīng)常可以互換，但下列情況常用whether，不用if。(1)與or或or not連用時(shí)只能用whether。(2)從句作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)只能用whether。i worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness.

8、 我擔(dān)心他是否能熬過(guò)這次疾病的關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻。2在引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)一般用whether不用if。it remains to be seen whether the newly formed committees policy can be put into practice. 新組成的委員會(huì)制定的政策是否能實(shí)施還有待觀察。考點(diǎn)三what，wh-ever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句1what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，what在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)?！癳very time you eat a sweet，drink green tea. ”this is what my mother used

9、 to tell me. “每次你吃糖的時(shí)候要喝點(diǎn)綠茶?！边@是我媽媽過(guò)去常常告訴我的事情。2“疑問(wèn)詞ever”可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，在從句中要充當(dāng)一定的成分。whoever與whatever表泛指，意為“無(wú)論誰(shuí)”，“無(wú)論什么”；whichever表示在特定范圍內(nèi)選擇，意為“無(wú)論哪一個(gè)/哪一些”。whoever wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way. 任何一個(gè)想要住旅店的人都必須自己付錢。特別提示：“疑問(wèn)詞ever”還可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。whatever you say，i will not believe you. (讓步狀語(yǔ)從句)無(wú)

10、論你說(shuō)什么，我都不相信。但“no matter疑問(wèn)詞”只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。 難點(diǎn)釋疑 難點(diǎn)一that與what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別that在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分，也沒(méi)有含義；what可以在從句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)，意思是“的東西或表情；什么樣的”。that he failed in the test again really puzzled us. 他又一次沒(méi)通過(guò)考試，這真讓我們感到迷惑不解。(that在主語(yǔ)從句中不作成分，不可以省略)these photographs will show you what our village looks like. 這些照片將向你展示我們村的面貌

11、。(what在賓語(yǔ)從句中作介詞like的賓語(yǔ))難點(diǎn)二wh-與wh-ever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別連接詞what，which，who分別表示“的東西或事情；什么”“哪一個(gè)”“誰(shuí)”，表示疑問(wèn)含義；而whatever，whichever，whoever分別相當(dāng)于anything that，any that，anyone who，意為“無(wú)論”，強(qiáng)調(diào)一切情況。試比較：what you choose to wear should be clean. 你選擇穿的衣服應(yīng)該是干凈的。whatever you choose to wear should be clean. 無(wú)論你選擇穿什么，你的衣服應(yīng)該是干凈的。難

12、點(diǎn)三：不能省略that的情況特殊情況例句that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句that he failed in the exam made his parents disappointed. 他考試不及格，這使他父母很失望。that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)the truth is that i didnt go there. 事實(shí)是我沒(méi)有去那里。that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí) the news that our team has won is true. 我們隊(duì)獲勝的消息是真的。當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)的從句作介詞except, but，in等的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)they share little in common except that th

13、ey are from the same country. 除了來(lái)自同一個(gè)國(guó)家之外，他們幾乎沒(méi)有共同點(diǎn)。當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)后接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，第一個(gè)that可省略，其他的that不可省略 i believe(that)youve done your best and that things will get better. 我相信你已經(jīng)盡力了，而且情況會(huì)好起來(lái)的。當(dāng)it作形式賓語(yǔ)，that引導(dǎo)的從句作真正的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)he has made it clear that he will not give in. 他不會(huì)屈服的，他已經(jīng)表明了這一點(diǎn)。當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句與主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間有插入語(yǔ)或

14、與從句主語(yǔ)之間有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)he announced，believe it or not，that he would never forgive her. 信不信由你，他宣布他永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)原諒她。 解題策略 名詞性從句解題三步走第一步：根據(jù)兩句之間的意義和邏輯關(guān)系，或者根據(jù)句式結(jié)構(gòu)判斷是否是名詞性從句。第二步：一旦判斷是名詞性從句，就根據(jù)名詞性從句中缺少什么句子成分來(lái)確定選用什么連接詞。若從句中缺少主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，用連接代詞；若缺少狀語(yǔ)就用連接副詞。第三步：如果不缺少成分則要考慮意思是否完整，是否需要用whether/if；如果不缺少成分且意思完整就用that?！镜淅?】the shopkee

15、per did not want to sell for _what he thought was not enough. 解析： 介詞for后缺成分，he thought作插入語(yǔ)，而且was前缺主語(yǔ)。在這種情況下用what，what可分解為the price that，原句可轉(zhuǎn)化為“the shopkeeper did not want to sell for the price that he thought was not enough. ”?！镜淅?】 massive open online courses，called moocs, are changing _how people

16、learn in many places. 解析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處作賓語(yǔ)從句中的方式狀語(yǔ)，即“怎樣學(xué)習(xí)”，故應(yīng)用how。 易錯(cuò)聚焦 1語(yǔ)序問(wèn)題(誤)these pictures show you what_does_our_village_look_like. (正)these pictures show you what_our_village_looks_like. 賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序應(yīng)用陳述語(yǔ)序，而不是特殊疑問(wèn)句的語(yǔ)序。(誤) do_you_think which of these is the most useful invention?(正)which of these do_yo

17、u_think is the most useful invention?在疑問(wèn)句中，賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞應(yīng)擔(dān)當(dāng)特殊疑問(wèn)詞的角色位于句首。2what和that的運(yùn)用(誤)america was that was first called “india” by columbus. (正)america was what was first called “india” by columbus. 在名詞性從句中，連接詞that既不作任何句子成分，也沒(méi)有意義；而連接代詞what則相反，它既充當(dāng)從句的主干成分也有其自身的意義。另外，我們可以把what解釋為：the名詞that/which。3whether和if的運(yùn)用(誤) if well hold the party has not been decided yet. (正) whether well hold the party has not been decided y