功能對(duì)等理論目的論劉佳輝

1、Eugene.A.Nidas Functional Equivalence Theory1. ConceptionsThe functional equivalence of information instead of the direct formal equivalence in translation.The relationship between the target language receptor and the target text should generally be equivalent to that between the source language rec

2、eptor and the source text.奈達(dá)理論的核心理念是“功能對(duì)等” 。所謂功能對(duì)等，就是說翻譯是不求文字表面的死板對(duì)應(yīng)，而是在兩種語言間達(dá)成功能上的對(duì)等。要求在意義上和風(fēng)格上都貼近原作，這相當(dāng)于中國翻譯論中的既“達(dá)意”又“傳神”。與我國的“神似”說不謀而合，簡單粗暴地說就是：別被禁錮在字字句句里，翻得對(duì)不對(duì)味是關(guān)鍵。1.Coca-Cola 可口可樂The most successful example of creativeness is the Chinese translation of Coca-cola.It is even better than his origi

3、nal one. Nowadays “可樂” has even become a general term for all the drinks. 2.Sprite 雪碧 Sprite means a fairy. Their image in English culture is lovely while it is evil and awesome in Chinese culture. So it could not be translated into “妖精”literarily. Then a new Chinese phrase of “雪碧” was created partl

4、y according to its pronunciation. Example of this kinds are easily found in business world, such as Parliament(百樂門)，Marlboro（萬寶路）,Welcome（惠康）,Hewlett Packard（惠普）。 3.Revlon 露華濃Revlon is translated to “露華濃”，which comes from the poem 情平調(diào) by Li bai “云想衣裳花想容，春風(fēng)拂檻露華濃”，which is very close to the origin.Lik

5、e these examples are following: Avon-雅芳（化妝品） Mazda-馬自達(dá)（汽車） Goldlion-金利來（男子服飾） Colgate-高露潔（牙膏）Ronstar-農(nóng)思他（農(nóng)藥）Canon-佳能（相機(jī)） Simmons-席夢(mèng)思（床墊） 4.輕身減肥片 Slimming polls In America keeping fit has long been a fashion. However one kind of Chinese weight reducing tablets actually could not find its market. Afte

6、r the careful market survey, the problem was found that the Chinese brand name was translated as “Obesityreducing Tablets” which, in the American peoples eyes, was a kind of medicine exclusively for overweight people. Then English name was converted as “slimming polls” and soon it found itself in a

7、big sale.4.西子the fancy soupIts translated version is “Shitze”, which is pronounced like Shits. “Shits” in English is a very negative word. Who would like to use the soup whose name is sound like shits for washing? 1.藍(lán)天 lampIn Chinese it is a commendatory term or at least a neuter one, and is widely

8、used as trademarks by various products. For exported to foreign countries, it was rendered into “Bluesky”. However, in the international market, its sales were very bad. Because the blue sky means being worthless in English. 2.金雞 Alarm clockIts translated version is “Golden Cock”. At the first sight

9、 of this version, many foreigners could not help laughing, because cock has a very vulgar meaning and is a very strong slangy word. So there are few people who bought this kind of clock. If the “Rooster” replaces it, it would be much better, because “Rooster” can be accepted easily. 3.芳芳 the lipstic

10、k,was translated as “Fang Fang”. It is a beautiful name indeed, which are used to name the girls. But in English “fang” means a dogs long sharp tooth or a snakes poison tooth. So who dares to buy this kind of lipstick? Then what about the free translation “Fragrance” or something transliterated “Fun

11、 Fun”? Hans Vermeers Skopostheorie(目的論） 1.簡介簡介目的論是功能派理論中最重要的理論，skopos是希臘詞，意為目的；theorie是德語詞，意為理論。目的論是將Skopos概念運(yùn)用于翻譯，認(rèn)為任何行為都是有目的的，翻譯也是一種有目的的跨文化交際活動(dòng)，譯者應(yīng)該根據(jù)翻譯目的來制定翻譯策略。由于語言文化的差異，譯文不可能與原文保持一致，那么要保留什么改動(dòng)什么，究竟是創(chuàng)作一個(gè)在一個(gè)形式上或在內(nèi)容上重視與原文的譯文還是創(chuàng)作出一個(gè)能滿足譯入語讀者要求的自由譯文就要視翻譯目的而定了。2.三大原則三大原則skopos rule 目的原則 coherence rule

12、連貫性原則fidelity 忠實(shí)性原則這三條原則的關(guān)系是：忠實(shí)原則服從于連貫原則，而這二者服從于目的原則，如果翻譯的目的要求改變?cè)墓δ?，譯文的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)就不再是與原文文本的語際間的連貫而是合適或符合翻譯目的，如果翻譯目的要求語內(nèi)不連貫，則語際連貫規(guī)則不再有效。忠實(shí)的程度和形式宏觀上取決于翻譯目的的要求，忠實(shí)規(guī)則要服從于目的規(guī)則。如果翻譯目的要求譯文文本再現(xiàn)原文文本的特點(diǎn)、風(fēng)貌，那么忠實(shí)規(guī)則與目的規(guī)則相符合。譯者會(huì)盡最大努力去再現(xiàn)原文的風(fēng)格、內(nèi)容及特點(diǎn)。1.有目共賞上海電視機(jī)Shanghai TV - Seeing is believing譯文套用了英文諺語“seeing is believing”

13、（眼見為實(shí)。符合廣告英語的口語化語氣，容易引起疑問讀者的興趣。2. “Where there is away，there is a Toyota.”（in Britain） “車到山前必有路，有路必有豐田車”（in China） “Not all cars are created equal”（in America）（ These are advertisements of Toyota in different countries. The first one stimulates an English proverb “where there is a will, there is a way”, the second one stimulate an Chinese proverb “車到山前必有路，船到橋頭自