高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) Unit 3 Inventors and inventions達(dá)標(biāo)鞏固練含解析新人教版選修8

1、unit 3 inventors and inventions李仕才*閱讀理解。nowadays a third of primary schoolchildren in china are suffering from psychological ill-health as a result of classroom stress and parental pressure, according to a study published on tuesday. the problem is so bad that urgent measures are needed, warns the s

2、tudy, led by british and chinese researchers. the investigation surveyed 2, 191 pupils aged 9 to 12 in nine schools in urban and rural zhejiang, a relatively prosperous coastal province in eastern china. eighty-one percent of the youngsters said they worried “a lot” about exams, 63 percent feared be

3、ing punished by their teachers, 44 percent had been physically bullied at least sometimeswith boys likelier to be victims than girlsand 73 percent had been physically punished by their parents. most of the children complained they struggled to cope with the amount of homework they were assigned. ove

4、r one-third reported headaches or abdominal painspsychosomatic symptoms of stressat least once a week. the most stressed children reported incidence of aches or pains of four times a week. the investigation, led by therese hesketh, a professor at university college london (ucl) centre for internatio

5、nal health and development, pointed the finger at extreme competitiveness in chinas education system, from the onset of primary school. “the competitive and punitive educational environment leads to high levels of stress and psychosomatic symptoms, ” the authors say. “measures to reduce unnecessary

6、stress on children in schools should be introduced urgently. ”the paper appears in archives of disease in childhood, a peer-reviewed journal of the british medical association (bma). the “urban” setting for the study was hangzhou, the provincial capital of zhejiang, while the “rural” setting was a p

7、oor county in quzhou prefecture, in the west of the province. the study highlights some of the complexities that, it says, explain the demands for academic excellence and intolerance of failure. one factor is the countrys dramatic rise in prosperity, which has created “previously unheard-of possibil

8、ities for upward mobility” and in turn stoked pressures on children to do well at school. other reasons are chinas one-child policy and the confucian traditions of respect for parents and elders, filial piety, obedience and discipline. “the aspirations of many parents, who had limited educational op

9、portunities themselves are now invested in their only children, ” it says. previous studies on school-related stress and its impact on health are few and generally come from scandinavia. a 2008 assessment among 10-to 13-year-old in sweden found that 21 percent of boys and 30 percent of girls experie

10、nced headache, and 17 percent of boys and 28 percent of girls experienced abdominal pain at least once per week. 【文章大意】本文是一篇報(bào)告。文章講述了中國(guó)孩子們?cè)诿鎸?duì)大量考試中, 所承受的精神上和身體上的壓力, 以至于他們產(chǎn)生了很多不良現(xiàn)象。1. what mainly caused schoolchildren to suffer from psychological ill-health? a. competitiveness in education system. b. c

11、lassroom stress and parental pressure. c. physical punishment from their parents. d. endless homework from school teachers. 【解析】選b。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“as a result of classroom stress and parental pressure, according to a study published on tuesday. ”可知b正確。2. the underlined part “cope with” in para. 5 mo

12、st probably means _. a. to fit inb. to adapt toc. to deal withd. to get along with【解析】選c。詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章中的“most of the children complained they struggled to cope with the amount of homework they were assigned. ”可知: 大多數(shù)孩子抱怨他們掙扎著處理作業(yè)。猜測(cè)cope with意為: 處理。3. what can we infer from the passage? a. more and more

13、 schoolchildren will drop out of school soon. b. homework and examinations will be cancelled at all schools. c. parents and teachers will give up educating the schoolchildren. d. too much stress does great harm to schoolchildren physically and mentally. 【解析】選d。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章的第四段和第六段中的“over one-third rep

14、orted headaches or abdominal painspsychosomatic symptoms of stressat least once a week. ”可知d正確。4. what is the main idea of the passage? a. children in china sickened by school pressure. b. measures to reduce unnecessary stress on children. c. the investigation, led by university college london. d. e

15、xtreme competitiveness in chinas education system. 【解析】選a。主旨大意題。文章通篇談?wù)摰氖? 中國(guó)的孩子們?cè)诰裆虾蜕眢w上承受很多壓力之后, 出現(xiàn)的多種病態(tài)的表現(xiàn)。所以a正確。*語(yǔ)法填空。they survive in some of the coldest environments in the worldbut even penguins appreciate a warm woolly jumper (套頭毛衣) once in a while.the mini knitted garments have helped save hu

16、ndreds of flightless birds caught _1_oil leaks, providing protection from the elements and stopping them from swallowing _2_(poison) pollution.knits for nature, a program run by the penguin foundation, _3_ conserves the little penguin population of phillip island, 140 km southeast of melbourne, _4_(

17、create) up to 300 different designs over the yearsand it is all thanks to talented volunteers. “there's a lot of _5_ (hide) creativity out there，” said lyn blom, of phillip island nature park.“people love to know that they're helping the penguins _6_ they're so cute and small and they wa

18、ddle up the beach and they're so strong. but they need to be, for they live in _7_pretty tough sort of environment.”a thumbnailsized patch of oil can kill little penguins, the _8_ (small) of the species, measuring just 13 inches (33 cm) and weighing 2.2 lbs (1kg). the oil separates and mats thei

19、r feathers, breaking natural waterproof and heating functions.ms blom estimates _9_she has knitted between 200 and 300 penguin jumpers over the years, including _10_in the colours of every australian football team in the country.1_2._3._4._5._ 6._7._ 8._ 9._ 10._ 篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。ms blom編織的迷你毛衣成功拯救了數(shù)百只

20、企鵝，能防止它們接觸到石油中的微量元素，甚至誤食有毒的污染物。1in 考查介詞。這里是“be caught in”的固定搭配，意思為“被困于中”。文中是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)修飾flightless birds。2poisonous 考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。poisonous作為形容詞修飾其后面的名詞。3which 考查定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞?？仗幰龑?dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，指代先行詞the penguin foundation，并在從句中作主語(yǔ)，故用which。4has created 考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“over the years”可知這里用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，句子的主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)名為knits for natur

21、e的項(xiàng)目，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)。5hidden 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。creativity是名詞，其前要用形容詞修飾，動(dòng)詞hide與creativity之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞。此處為過(guò)去分詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)的形容詞作定語(yǔ)。6because 考查連詞。“they're so cute and small and they waddle up the beach and they're so strong”是“people love to know that they're helping the penguins”的原因，故用because引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。7a 考

22、查冠詞。此處表示泛指，且pretty的讀音是以輔音音素開(kāi)頭的，故用a。a pretty tough sort of environment表示的是“一種相當(dāng)惡劣的環(huán)境”。8smallest 考查形容詞的最高級(jí)。根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境和空前的the可知這里應(yīng)該用最高級(jí)。9that 考查賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞。分析句子成分可知，空處引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句作estimates的賓語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)從句中句意和成分完整，故用that。10those考查代詞。those指代前面所說(shuō)的penguin jumpers。*完形填空。something quite tragic(悲劇的)happened in our home.it had a

23、 _1_ effect on our lives.it _2_ the way we relax and even where we sit.there was no fire or flood.we _3_ our wi­fi service，for over a week.i was raised in the pre­wi­fi era，so i was relatively _4_ to the situation.my children，_5_，did not have this training.when given the news that the

24、re was no wi­fi in the house，their first _6_ was：“but，what will we do？”fortunately，the tv still worked，although the children were _7_ to find that it had only 70 channels.for the children，a(n) _8_ challenge was homework，most of which is now given online.the lack of broadband seemed to provide a

25、 new _9_ of “the dog ate my homework”excuse.my daughter _10_ that one of her friends had her water supply temporarily _11_ due to a leak，but she thought that our lack of wi­fi was _12_.“because you can go to the shop and buy water，right？”my husband and i need the internet to _13_ us to work at

26、home.luckily，i've found out that these days you can go to the shop to _14_ wi­fi.although expensive，it allows you to set up your own wi­fi network _15_.buying 1 gb of data makes you view your broadband differently.i don't want to _16_ it like leaving a tap running.we log on to the

27、wi­fi network and do what we have to do as _17_ as possible and log off.the changes that _18_ has created in our daily life have occurred without us really _19_.the _20_ part of our time without wi­fi was seeing the children make forts(堡壘)out of the sofa cushions，which they haven't don

28、e in years.1a.possible bmodestcpositive dhuge2a.explored bchallengedcimproved dguaranteed3a.received bbookedclost dbought4a.addicted baccustomedcadmitted dattached5a.however bthereforecotherwise dbesides6a.impression binspirationcresponse drequest7a.excited bgratefulcembarrassed ddesperate8a.avoidab

29、le bmajorcenjoyable dsimple9a.version btranslationcdimension dcollection10a.repeated bpromisedcobserved dignored11a.fixed up bcut offcused up dlaid in12a.worse bbettercclearer dmore13a.force bencouragecremind denable14a.look into bsearch forcpurchase dborrow15a.easily bsecurelycfirmly dconstantly16a

30、.share banalyzecstore dwaste17a.steadily bquicklycproperly dsmoothly18a.technology binformationcknowledge dintelligence19a.reflecting bhearingcappreciating dnoticing20a.rigid btoughcbright dnecessary【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文，講述了wi­fi對(duì)“我”家生活的影響?！竞诵脑~匯】have an effect on對(duì)有影響temporarily adv.暫時(shí)地log on登錄occur

31、v發(fā)生1d根據(jù)上下文可知，家里沒(méi)有wi­fi對(duì)我們生活的影響是巨大的(huge)。possible“可能的”；modest“謙虛的”；positive“積極的”。2b根據(jù)前一句“it had a _1_ effect on our lives”和下文的“but，what will we do”可知，平時(shí)家里離不開(kāi)wi­fi，現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有了，當(dāng)然對(duì)我們平時(shí)的生活方式產(chǎn)生挑戰(zhàn)。explore“探索”；improve“提升”；guarantee“保證”。3c根據(jù)下文的“when given the news that there was no wi­fi in the ho

32、use”可知，我們家里失去(lost) wi­fi一個(gè)多星期；receive“收到”；book“訂購(gòu)”；buy“購(gòu)買”。4b根據(jù)第二段第一句“i was raised in the pre­wi­fi era”可知，“我”是在沒(méi)有wi­fi的時(shí)代長(zhǎng)大的，因此對(duì)于沒(méi)有了wi­fi也是比較習(xí)慣的(accustomed)，be accustomed to表示“習(xí)慣于”。5a根據(jù)上下文可推知，“我”習(xí)慣無(wú)wi­fi的生活，但是孩子們不習(xí)慣。上下文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，因此選however。6c根據(jù)空后的“but, what will we do”可知空

33、處指的是他們的第一反應(yīng)(response)。7d根據(jù)上下文可知，沒(méi)有wi­fi只有電視，且電視頻道只有70多個(gè)，孩子們很絕望。excited“興奮的”；grateful“感激的”；embarrassed“尷尬的”；desperate“絕望的”。8b根據(jù)本句的定語(yǔ)從句“most of which is now given online”可知，家庭作業(yè)應(yīng)是孩子們的主要(major)挑戰(zhàn)。avoidable“可避免的”；enjoyable“令人愉快的”；simple“簡(jiǎn)單的”。9a空后的“the dog ate my homework”表示“狗吃了我的作業(yè)”，此處表示沒(méi)有網(wǎng)絡(luò)是這種借口的一

34、個(gè)新提法，故選a。10c根據(jù)空后的賓語(yǔ)從句“that one of her friends had her water supply temporarily_11_ due to a leak”可知，這些內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是女兒講出來(lái)(observed)的。 repeat“重復(fù)”；promise“承諾”；ignore“忽略”；observe“觀察，說(shuō)，評(píng)論”。11b根據(jù)該空后的“due to a leak”可推知，水管漏水了，供水會(huì)被暫時(shí)中斷(cut off)。12a根據(jù)上下文可知，女兒認(rèn)為我們沒(méi)有wi­fi更糟糕(worse)。13d根據(jù)上下文可知，為了能夠在家工作，丈夫和“我”需要互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。

35、enable sb.to do sth.表示“使某人能做某事”。14c根據(jù)下文的“although expensive”可知，“我”去商店買(purchase)wi­fi。 look into“調(diào)查”；search for“尋找”；borrow“借”。15a根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，買了wi­fi，“我”建立自己的網(wǎng)絡(luò)就容易了。16d根據(jù)本句中的“l(fā)ike leaving a tap running(像讓水管的水不停地流著一樣)”可知，我們知道讓水管的水不停地流著意味著“浪費(fèi)”，故選d。17b根據(jù)上下文可知，當(dāng)“我”上網(wǎng)做事時(shí)，“我”是盡快地做，as quickly as possib

36、le表示“盡快地”。18a根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，技術(shù)已經(jīng)引起了我們?nèi)粘Ｉ畹母淖?，這些改變?cè)谖覀儧](méi)有注意(noticing)的情況下發(fā)生了。19d參見(jiàn)上題解析。reflect“反思”；hear“聽(tīng)到”；appreciate“欣賞”。20c根據(jù)該空后的“without wi­fi was seeing the children make forts(堡壘)out of the sofa cushions，which they haven't done in years”可知，沒(méi)有了wi­fi，孩子們可以在一起玩，這是愉快的(bright)事情。*短文改錯(cuò)。school eng

37、lish drama club was selecting actors and actresses for the drama the million pound bank note. it is famous short story writing by the american author mark twain. the selection, that is in the charge of mr smith, will be made at the school hall in may 20th, 2018.any student at our school who meets with the following criteria will be offered a chance to become an actor or actress. firstly, he or she should love creative and interested