機械名詞英文詞匯

1、工程圖學詞匯投影 projection投影中心center of projection投影面projecting plane投影線projecting line中心投影法perspective projection平行投影法parallel projection斜投影oblique projection正投影orthographic projection正投影面frontal plane of projection側面投影面profile plane of projection投影圖projection drawing三面投影圖three-plane projection drawing投影軸

2、axis of projection投影特性characteristic of projection不變性characteristic of true積聚性characteristic of concentration類似性characteristic of similarity視圖view三視圖three-view drawing正面frontal plane正面投影frontal projection水平面horizontal plane水平投影horizontal projection側面profile plane側面投影profile projection主視圖frontal view

3、俯視圖top view左視圖left side view立體solid平面立體plane body曲面立體body of curved surface回轉面surface of revolution棱柱prism棱錐pyramid邊side頂點center vertex棱edge點point直線line straight line棱錐臺truncated pyramidfrustum of pyramid重影coincidence of projection積聚concentrate變形deformation實長true length 實形true shape正平線frontal l

4、ine水平線horizontal line側平線profile line一般位置直線oblique line鉛垂線vertical line, frontal-profile line正垂線horizontal-profile line側垂線frontal-horizontal line一般位置平面oblique plane相交intersection平行parallel垂直perpendicular交線intersecting line, line of intersection交點point of intersection平行線parallel line垂直線perpendicular l

5、ine交叉線skew line長度length 寬度width高度height組合體complex基本幾何體basic body相接built-up相交inter section相切tangent相貫penetration支架brace底板bottom board肋rib支承板bearing plate輪廓線outline, contour line底圖traced drawing截平面cutting plane截交線line of section二重性dual nature平面曲線plane curve圓弧arc橢圓ellipse長軸major axis短軸minor axis雙曲

6、線hyperbola拋物線parabola圓circle圓錐頂conic apex 相貫體intersecting bodies相貫線line of intersection空間曲線space curve截平面方法cutting plane method輔助面auxiliary surface輔助平面auxiliary plane最高點culminating point尺寸Size定形尺寸size dimension定位尺寸location dimension左視圖right view后視圖rear view, back view仰視圖bottom view輔助圖auxiliary

7、view局部視圖partial view, broken view斜視圖oblique view旋轉視圖revolved view, aligned view剖視圖sectional view, section全剖視full section半剖視half section局部剖視圖partial section, broken-out section斜剖視圖oblique section旋轉剖視圖aligned section階梯剖視echelon section, offset section復合剖視compound section剖面圖section, sectional view重合剖面c

8、oincide section, revolved section移出剖面removed section剖面線section line剖面符號symbols for section-lining習慣畫法conventional drawing局部放大圖 drawing of partial enlargement零件圖detail drawing, working drawing第三角投影third angle projection粗實線continuous thick line, full line, visible line細實線continuous thin line虛線dot line

9、, dashed line, hidden line點劃線dash and dot line雙點劃線double dots line波浪線break line斷裂線剖切平面跡線cutting plane line尺寸線dimension line尺寸界線extension tine尺寸dimension size箭頭arrowhead基準datum基準線datum line基準面datum plane中心孔central hole中心距center distance軸shaft, axle孔hole斜孔inclination裝配圖assembly drawing性能尺寸characterist

10、ic dimension大小尺寸size dimension總體尺寸outer dimension外形尺寸配合尺寸fit dimension內圓角fillet外圓角round尖角sharp corner倒角chamfer輪緣flange of wheel緣、邊、環(huán)rim軸肩shoulder凸臺boss凹坑concave pit軸頸shaft neck輪轂hub輪輻spoke, spoke of wheel直紋滾花straight knurling s網紋滾花hatching knurling鍵槽key-way退刀槽escape拔模斜度pattern draft填料盒gland box油槽oil

11、 groove油封oil seal標準件standard parts螺紋thread外螺紋external thread內螺紋internal thread大徑major diameter小徑minor diameter螺距pitch of thread牙型form of thread旋向direction of turning右旋螺紋right-hand thread左旋螺紋left-hand thread頭數(shù)number of thread導程lead粗牙coarse thread細牙fin thread螺栓bolt螺釘screw螺柱stud螺母nut墊片washer公差tolerance

12、公差帶tolerance zone零線zero line標準公差standard tolerance公差等級tolerance grade基本偏差fundamental deviation配合fit間隙配合clearance fit過盈interference過盈配合interference fit過渡配合transition fit基孔制hole-basic system of fits 基軸制shaft-basic system of fits間隙clearance形狀公差tolerance in form, form tolerance直線度straightness平面度fla

13、tness圓度roundness圓柱度cylindricity線輪廓度profile of any line面輪廓度profile of any plane位置公差tolerance in position, position tolerances平行度 parallelism齒輪gear圓柱齒輪cylindrical gear正齒輪spur gear斜齒輪spiral gear輪齒gear tooth節(jié)圓pitch circle齒頂圓addendum circle, outside circle齒根圓root circle, addendum circle模數(shù)modulus齒數(shù)number

14、of teeth齒高tooth height齒頂高height of addendum齒根高height of addendum齒厚circular thickness齒間tooth space齒寬tooth width壓力角angle of pressure彈簧spring銷pin圓柱銷round pin圓錐銷taper pin開口銷cotter pin, split鍵key平鍵flat key半圓鍵half round key, woodruff key軸承bearing滾動軸承rolling bearing向心鈾承radial bearing密封裝置sealing equipment鎖緊

15、裝置locking equipment粗糙度roughness基本尺寸basic size實際尺寸actual size極限尺寸limits size最大極限尺寸maximum limit of size最小極限尺寸minimum limit of size偏差deviation上偏差upper deviation下偏差lower deviation垂直度perpendicularity傾斜度angularity同軸度concentricity對稱度symmetry位置度true position跳動run-out圓跳動cycle run-out全跳動total run-out 軸測

16、投影axonometric projection軸測投影面plane of axonometric projection軸測圖axonometric drawing正等軸測投影isometric projection正二測bimetric projection斜二測oblique bimetric projection軸測軸axonometric axis軸間角axis angle, angle between ales縮短foreshortened軸向縮短率coefficient of axialdeformation ratio offore shortening for any axis

17、切割法cutting method, by cutting方箱法boxing method坐標法coordinate method方框法enclosing-square method四心近似法four-center approximate method機械工具詞匯Mechanic's Tools 機械工具spanner 扳子 (美作:wrench)double-ended spanner 雙頭扳子adjustable spanner, monkey wrench 活扳子,活絡扳手box spanner 管鉗子 (美作:socket wrench)calipers 卡規(guī)pinc

18、ers, tongs 夾鉗shears 剪子wire cutters 剪線鉗multipurpose pliers, universal pliers 萬能手鉗adjustable pliers 可調手鉗punch 沖子drill 鉆chuck 卡盤scraper 三角刮刀reamer 擴孔鉆calliper gauge 孔徑規(guī)hacksaw 鋼鋸rivet 鉚釘nut 螺母locknut 自鎖螺母,防松螺母bolt 螺栓pin, peg, dowel 銷釘washer 墊圈staple U形釘grease gun 注油槍oil can 油壺jack 工作服機械加工詞匯拋光 polishing

19、安裝 to assemble扳手 wrench半機械化 semi-mechanization; semi-mechanized半自動滾刀磨床 semi-automatic hob grinder半自動化 semi-automation; semi-automatic備件 spare parts邊刨床 side planer變速箱 transmission gear柄軸 arbor部件 units; assembly parts插床 slotting machine拆卸 to disassemble超高速內圓磨床 ultra-high-speed internal grinder車床 lathe

20、; turning lathe車刀 lathe tool車輪車床 car wheel lathe車削 turning車軸 axle襯套 bushing中間齒輪intermediate gear(counter gear)副軸齒輪counter shaft gear副軸counter shaft變速器輸入軸transmission imput shaft速器輸出軸transmission outpu中間齒輪intermediate gear(counter gear)副軸齒輪counter shaft gear副軸counter shaft變速器輸入軸transmission imput sha

21、ft變速器輸出軸transmission output shaft變速器主動齒輪軸transmission drive gear shaft變速器主軸transmission main shaft變速器中間軸transmission countershaft變速器軸的剛度rigidity of shaft變速齒輪比（變速比）transmission gear ratio傳動比gear ratio主壓力line pressure調制壓力modulated pressure真空調制壓力vacuum modulator pressure速控壓力governor pressure緩沖壓力compens

22、ator or trimmer pressure限檔壓力hold presure前油泵front pump (input pump )液力傳動裝置充油壓力hydrodynamic unit change pressure后油泵gear pump (output pump )回油泵scavenge oil pump調壓閥pressure -regulator vavle電磁閥調壓閥solenoid regulator valve液力變矩器旁通閥converter bypass valve速控閥governor valve選檔閥selectro valve換檔閥shift valve信號閥sign

23、al valve繼動閥relay valve換檔指令發(fā)生器shift pattern generator檔位指示器shift indicator(shift torwer)先導閥priority valve流量閥flow valve重迭閥overlap valve液力減速器控制閥retarder control valve液力起步fluid start零速起動stall start液力變矩器鎖止converter lockup全液壓自動換檔系統(tǒng)hydraulic automatic control system電液式自動換檔系統(tǒng)electronic -hydraulic automatiec換

24、檔shift升檔upshift降檔downshift動力換檔power shfit單向離合器換檔freewheel shfit人工換檔manual shfit自動換檔automaitc shfit抑制換檔inhibited shift超限換檔overrun shift強制換檔forced shift換檔點shift point葉片轉位blade angle shift換檔滯后shift hysteresis換檔循環(huán)shift schedule換檔規(guī)律process of power shift動力換檔過程timing換檔定時property of automatic shift換檔品質prop

25、erty of automatic shft換檔元件engaging element換檔機構gearshift操縱桿control lever變速桿stick shift(gear shift lever)（副變速器）變速桿range selector變速叉shifting fork (gear shift fork)分動箱控制桿transfer gear shift fork變速踏板gear shift pedal變速軌（撥叉道軌）shift rail直接變速direct change(direct control)方向盤式變速column shift (handle change)按鈕控制

26、finger-tip control槽導變速gate change空檔位置neutral position直接驅動direct drive高速檔top gear(high gear)低速檔bottom gear(low speed gear)第一檔first gear第二檔second gear超速檔overdirve gear經濟檔economic gear倒檔reverse gear爬行檔creeper gear驅動特性drive performance反拖特性coast performance定輸入扭矩特性constant input torque performance全油門特性ful

27、l throttle performance寄生損失特性no load (parasitic losses)performance原始特性primary characteristic響應特性response characteristic吸收特性absorption characteristic全特性total external characteristic輸入特性characteristic of enhance輸出特性characteristic of exit力矩特性torque factor(coefficient of moment)過載系數(shù)overloading ratio變矩系數(shù)t

28、orque ratio能容系數(shù)capacity factorr幾何相似geometry similarity運動相似kinematic similarity動力相似dynamic similarity透穿性transparency萬向節(jié)和傳動軸universal joint and drive shaft萬向節(jié)universal joint非等速萬向節(jié)nonconstant velocity universal joint等速萬向節(jié)constant velocity universal joint準等速萬向節(jié)near constant velocity universal joint自承式萬向

29、節(jié)self-supporting universal joint非自承式萬各節(jié)non self suporting universal joint回轉直徑swing diameter等速平面constant velocity plane萬向節(jié)夾角true joint angle十字軸式萬向節(jié)cardan (hookes)universal joint萬向節(jié)叉yoke突緣叉flange york滑動叉slip yoke滑動節(jié)，伸縮節(jié)slip joint花鍵軸叉slip shaft yoke軸管叉（焊接叉）tube(weld yoke)十字軸cross(spider)十字軸總成cross asse

30、mbly撓性元件總成flexible universal joint球銷式萬向節(jié)flexible member assembly雙柱槽殼housing球環(huán)ball球頭軸ball head球頭釘button中心球和座centering ball and seat球籠式萬向節(jié)rzeppa universal joint鐘形殼outer race星型套inner race保持架cage可軸向移動的球籠式萬向節(jié)plunging constant velocity joint筒形殼cylinder outer race柱形滾道星形套inner race withcylinder ball grooves

31、偏心保持架non-concentric cage滾動花鍵球籠式萬向節(jié)ball spline rzeppa universal joint外殼outer housing內殼體inner housing球叉式萬向節(jié)weiss universal joint球叉ball yoke定心鋼球centering ball三球銷萬向節(jié)tripod universal joint三柱槽殼housing三銷架spider雙聯(lián)萬向節(jié)double cardan universal joint凸塊式萬向節(jié)tracta universal joint凸塊叉fork yoke榫槽凸塊tongue and groove c

32、ouplijng凹槽凸塊groove coupling傳動軸drive shaft(propeller shaft)傳動軸系drive line傳動軸形式drive shaft type兩萬向節(jié)滑動的傳動軸two -joint inboard slip ddiveshaft兩萬向節(jié)外側滑動傳動軸two joint ouboard slip drive shaft單萬向節(jié)傳動軸single joint coupling shaft組合式傳動軸unitized drive shaft傳動軸減振器drive shaft absorber傳動軸中間軸承drive shaft center bearin

33、g傳動軸管焊接合件weld drive shaft tube assembly傳動軸特征長度drive shaft length傳動軸諧振噪聲resonant noise of rive shaft傳動軸的臨界轉速critical speed of drive shaft傳動軸總成的平衡balance of drive shaft assembly允許滑動量slip相位角phase angle傳動軸安全圈drive shaft safety strap驅動橋drive axle(driving axle)類型type斷開式驅動橋divided axle非獨立懸架式驅動橋rigid dirve

34、axle獨立懸架式驅動橋independent suspension drive axle轉向驅動橋steering drive axle貫通式驅動橋tandem axles“三速”貫通軸"three-speed" tandem axles單驅動橋single drive axle多橋驅動multiaxle drive減速器reducer主減速器final drive單級主減速器single reduction final drive雙級主減速器double reduction final drive前置式雙級主減速器front mounted double reducti

35、on final drive后置式雙級主減速器rear mounted double reduction final drive上置式雙級主減速器top mounted double reducton final drive行星齒輪式雙級主減速器planetary double reduction final drive貫通式主減速器thru-drive雙速主減速器two speed final drive行星齒輪式雙速主減速器two speed planetary final drive雙級雙速主減速器two speed double reduction final drive輪邊減速器wh

36、eel reductor(hub reductro)行星圓柱齒輪式輪邊減速器planetary wheel reductor行星錐齒輪式輪邊減速器differential geared wheel reductor(bevelepicyclick hub reductor)外嚙合圓柱齒輪式輪邊減速器spur geared wheel reductor差速器differential錐齒輪式差速器bevel gear differential圓柱齒輪式差速器spur gear differential防滑式差速器limited -slip differential磨擦片式自鎖差速器multi-di

37、sc self -locking differential凸輪滑滑塊自鎖差速器self-locking differential with side ring and radial cam plate自動離合式自鎖差速器automotive positive locking differential強制鎖止式差速器locking differential液壓差速器hydraulic differential軸間差速器interaxial differential差速器殼differential carrieer(case)主降速齒輪final reduction gear驅動軸減速比axle

38、ratio總減速比total reduction ratio主降速齒輪減速比final reduction gear ratio雙減速齒輪double reduction gear差速器主齒輪軸differential pinion-shaft差速器側齒輪differential side gear行星齒輪spider gear(planetary pinion)螺旋錐齒輪spiral bevel gear雙曲面齒輪hypoid gear格里林齒制gleason tooth奧林康型齒制oerlikon tooth錐齒輪齒數(shù)number of teeth in bevel gears and h

39、ypoid gears錐齒輪齒寬face width of tooth in bevel gears and hypoid gears平面錐齒輪plane bevel gear奧克托齒形octoid form平頂錐齒輪contrate gear齒面接觸區(qū)circular tooth contact齒側間隙backlash in circular tooth差速器十字軸differential spider差速器鎖止機構differential locking -device差速器鎖止系數(shù)differential locking factor差速器殼軸承carrier bearing橋殼axle

40、 housing整體式橋殼banjo housing可分式橋殼trumpet-type axle housing組合式橋殼unitized carrier-type axle housing對分式橋殼split housing沖壓焊接橋殼press-welding axle housing鋼管擴張橋殼expanded tube axle housing鍛壓焊接橋殼forge welding axle housing整體鑄造式橋殼cast rigid axle housing半軸axle shaft全浮式半軸full-floating axle shaft半浮式半軸semi-floating a

41、xle shaft四分之三浮式半軸three-quarter floating axle shaft驅動橋最大附著扭矩slip torque驅動橋額定橋荷能力rating axle capactiy驅動橋減速比driveaxle ratio驅動橋質量drive axle mass單鉸接式擺動軸single-joint swing axle雙鉸接式擺動軸double joint swig axle懸架系suspension system懸架suspension類型type非獨立懸架rigid axle suspension獨立懸架independent suspension平衡懸架equaliz

42、ing type of suspension組合式懸架combination suspension可變剛度懸架variable rate suspension縱置板簧式parallel leaf spring type上置板簧式over slung type下置板簧式under slung type雙橫臂式double with-bone arm type橫置板簧式transversal leaf spring type雙縱臂式double trailing arm type單橫臂式single transverse arm type雙橫臂式double -wishbone type單橫臂式s

43、inge trailing arm type雙縱臂式double-trailing arm type單斜臂式single oblique arm tyep四連桿式four link type扭矩套管式torque tube drive type第迪安式De Dion type燭式sliding pillar type麥弗遜式MacPherson type金屬彈簧式metal spring type空氣彈簧式air spring type油氣彈簧式hydro-pneumatic spring type橡膠液體彈簧式hydro-rubber spring type橡膠彈簧式rubber sprin

44、g type液體彈簧式hydraulic spring type三點懸架three-point suspension四點懸架four-point suspension部件assembly and parts懸架臂suspension arm上懸架臂upper suspension arm控制臂control arm上控制臂upper control arm下控制臂lower control arm縱臂trailing arm橫臂transverse arm斜臂oblique arm支撐梁support beam橫向推力桿lateral rod縱向推力桿longitudinal rod拉桿ten

45、sion rod壓桿strut bar支撐桿strut bar扭矩套管torque tube變截面彈簧tapered spring鋼板彈簧leaf spring(laminated spring)副鋼板彈簧auxiliary spring非對稱鋼板彈簧unsymmetrical leaf spring單片式鋼板彈簧single leaf spring多片式鋼板彈簧muotileaved spring縱向鋼板彈簧longitudinal leaf spring螺旋彈簧coil spring (helicalspring)空氣彈簧air spring囊式空氣彈簧bellow type air sp

46、ring膜式空氣彈簧diaphragm typeair spring橡膠彈簧rubber spring type液體彈簧hydraulic spring油氣彈簧hydro-pneumatic spring type單氣室油氣彈簧single chamber hydragas spring雙氣室油氣彈簧double chamber hydragas spring液體彈簧hydraulic spring底盤彈簧chassis spring四分之一橢圓形彈簧quarter elliptic spring半橢圓形彈簧half-elliptic spring(semi-elliptic spring)四

47、分之三橢圓形彈簧three quarter elliptic spring全橢圓形彈簧full elliptic spring懸臂彈簧cantilever spring簧上質量sprung weight簧下質量unsprung weight墊上彈簧載荷量spring capacity at pad地面彈簧載荷量spring capacity at ground彈簧靜撓度spring static deflection彈簧跳動間隙bump clearance of spring彈簧中心距distance between spring centers減振器shock absorber筒式減振器te

48、lescopic shock absorber油壓緩沖器hydraulic buffer負荷調平式減振器load -levelling shock absorber液壓減振器dydraulic shock absorber可調減振器adjustable shock absorber搖臂式減振器lever type shock absorber磨擦式減振器frictional shock absorber充氣減振器gas-filled shock absorber動力減振器dynamic shock absorber減振器卸荷閥shock absorber relief valve減振器進油閥s

49、hock absorber intake valve減振器示功圖damper indicator diagram減振器液damper fluid橫向穩(wěn)定器stabilizer anti-roll bar滑動座sliding seat滑板sliding plate彈簧架spring bracket彈簧主片spring leaf鋼板彈簧吊耳leaf spring shackle鋼板彈簧襯套leaf spring bushing鋼板彈簧銷leaf spring pin彈簧卷耳spring eyeU型螺栓U bolt鋼板彈簧中心螺栓leaf spring center bolt橡膠襯套rubber b

50、ushing緩沖塊buffer stopper限位塊limiting stopper平衡軸trunnion shaft平衡軸支座trunnion base臂軸arm shaft平橫臂equalizer螺紋襯套screw bushing（車身）高度閥levelling valve車架auxiliary tank整體車架unitized frame上彎式梁架upswept frame (kick up frame)短型車架stub frame發(fā)動機支架engine mounting半徑桿radius rod平衡桿stabilizer bar制動反應桿brake reaction rod分開式車身和

51、車架separated body and frame車輪wheel車輪尺寸名稱wheelsize designation車輪類型wheel type單式車輪single wheel雙式車輪dual wheel整體輪轂式車輪wheel with integral hub組裝輪輞式車輪demountable rim wheel對開式車輪divided wheel可調車輪adustable wheel輻板式車輪disc wheel可反裝式車輪reversible wheel輻條式車輪wire wheel安裝面attachment face安裝面直徑attachment face diameter雙輪

52、中心距dual spacing半雙輪中心距half dual spacing輪緣flange固定輪緣fixed flange輪緣規(guī)格代號flange size disignation輪緣高度flange height輪緣半徑flange radius輪級端部半徑flange edge radius輪級寬度flange width內軸承座肩inner bearing cup shoulder內移距inset橫向跳動lateral run-out外移距outset徑向跳動radius run-out輪輞rim輪輞尺寸名稱rim size disignation輪輞寬度rim width標定輪輞寬度specified rim width輪輞直徑rim diameter標定輪輞直徑specified rim diameter輪輞類型rim type