勵(lì)學(xué)教育九年級春季課程1,名詞,2013年一模

1、名詞1、英語名詞可分專有名詞和普通名詞兩大類：1、專有名詞是個(gè)別的人、地、物、團(tuán)體、機(jī)構(gòu)等的專用名稱。專有名詞中實(shí)詞的第一個(gè)字母要大寫。如：Beijing, Tom, the Peoples Republic of China(中華人民共和國) 專有名詞如果是含有普通名詞的短語,則必須使用定冠詞the。如：the Great Wall(長城)姓氏名如果采用復(fù)數(shù)形式,則表示該姓氏一家人(復(fù)數(shù)含義),如：the Greens( 格林一家人)。2、普通名詞是許多人或事物的共有名稱。如：pupil, family, man, foot.普通名詞又分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞?？蓴?shù)名詞是可以用簡單的數(shù)詞進(jìn)行

2、計(jì)數(shù)的名詞,如： box, child, orange；不可數(shù)名詞是不可以用簡單的數(shù)詞進(jìn)行計(jì)數(shù)的名詞。如：water, news, oil, population, information .2、英語可數(shù)名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)：英語可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。1、名詞由單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的基本方法如下：在單數(shù)名詞詞尾加s。如：map maps,boy boys,horse horses, table tables.s,o,x ,sh,ch結(jié)尾的詞加es.如：classclasses, boxboxes, heroheroes, dishdishes, benchbenches.注：少數(shù)以o結(jié)尾的詞,變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)只

3、加es。如：potatopotatoes, tomatotomatoes.以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞,變y為i,再加es。如：familyfamilies, citycities, partyparties.以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞,變f或fe為v,再加es。如：shelfshelves, wolfwolves, lifelives, knifeknives.2、不規(guī)則變化：manmen, womanwomen, sheepsheep,toothteeth, childchildren, oxoxen, goosegeese,mousemice不可數(shù)名詞一般沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式,說明其數(shù)量時(shí),要用有關(guān)計(jì)量名

4、詞。如：a bag of ricetwo bags of rice, a piece of paperthree pieces of paper, a bottle of milkfive bottles of milk. cattle n.pl. bull n. cow n. ox n. goose bumps 3、名詞所有格：1、 名詞所有格表示所屬關(guān)系,相當(dāng)于物主代詞,在句中作定語、賓語或主語。其構(gòu)成法如下：(1)表示人或其它有生命的東西的名詞常在詞尾加s。如：Childerns Day(兒童節(jié)), my sisters book(我姐姐的書)(2)以s或es結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞。只在詞尾加。

5、如：Teachers Day(教師節(jié))(3)有些表示時(shí)間、距離以及世界、國家、城鎮(zhèn)等無生命的名詞,也可在詞尾加s. 如：todays newspaper(今天的報(bào)紙), ten minutes break(十分鐘的課間休息),Chinas population(中國的人口). five minutes walk五分鐘的路程 New Years Day新年The 20th centurys scientist二十世紀(jì)的科學(xué)家 an hours ride乘車一小時(shí)的路程Two miles distance兩英里的距離 the citys parks 城市的公園 (4)無論表示有生命還是無生命的東西

6、的名詞,一般均可用介詞of短語來表示所有關(guān)系。如：a fine daughter of the Party(黨的好女兒).2、注解： s還可以表示某人的家或者某個(gè)店鋪,如：my aunts(我阿姨家), the doctors(診所) 兩人共有某物時(shí),可以采用 A and Bs 的形式,如：Lucy and Lilys bedroom(露西和麗麗合住的臥室) “of+名詞所有格/名詞性物主代詞”,稱為雙重所有格,如：a friend of my fathers(我父親的一位朋友), a friend of mine(我的一位朋友) 4、名詞或代詞作主語時(shí)和謂語之間的單復(fù)數(shù)的一致問題：1、謂語和

7、謂語基本保持單復(fù)數(shù)的一致,即：主語是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式：如：The computer was a great invention.(計(jì)算機(jī)是個(gè)了不起的發(fā)明)The water in the glass is very cold.(玻璃杯里的水很冷)2、集體名詞(如family, class, team, group, row, police, school等)做句子主語時(shí), 如果表示整體概念,則謂語用單數(shù)形式,如：Class Three is a very good class.(三班是好班) 如果表示其中的所有成員時(shí),則謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式,如：Class Three

8、have a map of China.(三 班有張中國地圖)3、Chinese, Japanese, fish, sheep, people等表示單個(gè)時(shí)謂語用單數(shù),表示許多時(shí),謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。如：There is a sheep in the yard.(院子里有只綿羊) / There are some sheep in the yard.(院子里有一些綿羊)4、maths, news等雖然有s結(jié)尾,但不是復(fù)數(shù),因此謂語仍用單數(shù)：The news is very exciting. (這個(gè)消息令人興奮)5、glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves等名詞往往

9、用復(fù)數(shù)形式,故謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。如：The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.(褲子很便宜,我想買)6、 a lot of 后跟名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式,跟不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)謂語用單數(shù)形式。如： A lot of students are playing baseball now.(現(xiàn)在有許多學(xué)生在打壘球) A lot of time was wasted on that work.(大量的時(shí)間花在了那個(gè)工作上)(被動(dòng)句)7、and 連接兩個(gè)名詞做主語時(shí),謂語原則上用復(fù)數(shù),但是兩個(gè)名詞若構(gòu)成一個(gè)整體事物時(shí),謂語則用單數(shù)。如：The teache

10、r and his son are picking apples now.(老師和他的兒子在摘蘋果) / Fish and chips is very famous food. (魚和薯?xiàng)l是一種出名的食品)8、 there be 句型中be的單復(fù)數(shù)一般由靠近的名詞決定。如：There is a table and four chairs in the room.(房間里有一張桌子和四張椅子)9、用bothand連接兩個(gè)事物做主語時(shí),謂語一般用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Both you and I are required to be here tomorrow.(你和我明天要求都來)10、主語中含有with的

11、短語時(shí),謂語單復(fù)數(shù)由with之前的人物決定。如：A woman with a 7-year-old child was standing at the side of the road. (一名婦女帶著一個(gè)七歲的孩子(當(dāng)時(shí))就站在路邊)11、eitheror,not only.but also.或者 neithernor連接兩個(gè)人物做句子主語時(shí),謂語采用就近原則。如：Either you or he is right.(要么是你對,要么是他對。/你和他有一個(gè)人是對的) / Neither you nor I am going there.(你和我都不打算去那里) 12、表示一段時(shí)間或長度概念的

12、復(fù)數(shù)名詞做主語時(shí),謂語一般用單數(shù)。如：Two months is not a short time.(兩個(gè)月不是個(gè)短時(shí)間)Two thousand kilometers is quite a long distance(距離).(兩千千米是相當(dāng)長的一段距離)13、主語中含有half of / (three quarters)of / all (of) the .等詞語時(shí),謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)由名詞確定,如：Over three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English.(因特網(wǎng)上四分之三以上的信息是用英語寫的) / A thir

13、d of the students were playing near the lake.(學(xué)生的三分之一(當(dāng)時(shí))正在湖邊玩耍) / All of the water in these rivers has been polluted.(這些河流中的水已經(jīng)被污染了)(被動(dòng)句) 但是,population一詞又有特殊情況： Whats the population of China?(中國人口是多少？)(句子用單數(shù)) / Three quarters of the population in this city are Arabs(阿拉伯人).(這個(gè)城市四分之三的人口是阿拉伯人)(句子用復(fù)數(shù))5

14、、部分名詞用法辨析：1、sport、game、match、race 的區(qū)別：sport通常指“戶外運(yùn)動(dòng)”,以鍛煉為主,概念較大；game意思是“運(yùn)動(dòng)、比賽”,不管戶內(nèi)戶外還是腦力體力,指以勝負(fù)為主的運(yùn)動(dòng)；match意為“競賽、比賽”,多指正式比賽；race主要表示“賽跑、賽馬、賽車”。如：People all around the world enjoy sports.(全世界的人都喜愛運(yùn)動(dòng)) / The 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing.(2008奧運(yùn)會將在北京舉行)(被動(dòng)句) / Our school football team won

15、the league match(聯(lián)賽).(我們學(xué)校足球隊(duì)取得了聯(lián)賽冠軍) / They were strong and won the boat race.(湯他們很棒,贏得了劃艇比賽) 2、festival、holiday、vacation的區(qū)別：festival“節(jié)日”,指喜慶的日子或持續(xù)一段時(shí)間的文娛活動(dòng)；holiday(假日、休息日),指法定假日或風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣,復(fù)數(shù)可以表示一個(gè)較長的假期；vacation“假期”,指學(xué)習(xí)或工作中一段長時(shí)間的休息。如：The Shanghai Television Festival will be held next month.(上海電視節(jié)將在下個(gè)月舉行

16、) / Sunday is a holiday and most people do not work.(星期天是個(gè)假日,多數(shù)人不工作) / What are you going to do during the summer vacation/holidays?(在暑期你打算做什么事情？)3、journey、tour、trip、travel的區(qū)別：journey指在陸地上(或海上或空中)進(jìn)行的長途旅行,不知終點(diǎn),含有辛苦的意思；tour指途中作短期逗留的巡回旅行,強(qiáng)調(diào)游覽多處,常用來指觀光等；trip通常指往返定時(shí)的短途旅行,如出差度假等；travel多指長期或長途的觀光旅行,尤其指到國外,

17、沒有明確目的地,也作不可數(shù)名詞,指旅行這一行為。如：He made up his mind to make the journey to Dunhuang.(他拿定主意要去敦煌旅行)/ He has gone on a walking tour.(他步行觀光去了) / He took several trips to Shanghai last yeaar.(去年他去了上海好幾次) / Did you go to Santiago(圣地亞哥) during your travels?(旅行期間你去圣地亞哥了嗎？) / Travelling through thick forests is da

18、ngerous.(在密林里邊穿行是很危險(xiǎn)的) 4、sound、noise、voice的區(qū)別：sound指各種聲音；noise主要指“噪音”；voice指人的“嗓音”。如：The noise of the street kept me awake in the night.(街上的喧囂聲讓我徹夜難眠) / All of a sudden there was the sound of shots and a cry.(突然間傳來幾聲槍響和一聲尖叫) / The singer has lost her ringing voice as a result of a bad cold.(因?yàn)楦忻暗木壒?

19、這個(gè)歌唱家失去了她銀鈴般的嗓音) 5、fish的問題：指許多條魚且不管種類時(shí),用fish,單復(fù)數(shù)相同；fishes 指許多種類的魚；fish指“魚肉”時(shí)是不可數(shù)名詞。如：There are many kinds of fishes in the pool. (池子里有很多種類的魚)/ I prefer fish to meat.(與肉相比我更喜歡魚)名詞專項(xiàng)練習(xí)( ) 1. I prefer to . A. potatos, tomatoes B. potatoes, tomatosC. potatoes, tomatoes D. potatos, tomatos( ) 2. The doct

20、or saved a lot of peoples . A. life B. lifes C. live D. lives( ) 3. are made of .A. Glass, glass B. Glasses, glasses C. Glasses, glass D. Glass, glasses( ) 4. There are some famous in our city.A. woman singers B. women singersC. women singer D. woman singer( ) 5. We are . They are .A. Chineses, Germ

21、ans B. Chinese, GermenC. Chinese, Germans D. Chineses, Germen( ) 6. He asked me how many there are in Australia.A. sheeps B. sheep C. sheepes D. the sheep( ) 7. The little baby has two already.A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths( ) 8. How much are the ? Two dollars a kilo. A. rice B. tea C. chicke

22、n D. oranges( ) 9. He had something to write down and asked me for . A. a paper B. some papers C. some pieces of papers D. a piece of paper( ) 10. Margret with her parents going to Beijing this summer holiday. A. is B. am C. are D. /( ) 11. My family all sports lovers. A. are B. is C. / D. am( ) 12.

23、 No news good news. A. is B. are C. have D. has( ) 13. Most of the food delicious. A. is B. are C. have D. has( ) 14. The police always the people in trouble. A. helps B. help C. helping D. are help( ) 15. There some bread and a bottle of milk on the table. A. are B. have C. is D. has( ) 16. mothers

24、 and teachers. A. Tom and Dicks B. Toms and DicksC. Tom and Dicks D. Toms and Dick( ) 17. September 10th is Day. A. Teachers B. Teachers C. the Teachers D. Teachers( ) 18. Bill said that they would have holiday.A. a two-month B. two months C. two-months D. two months( ) 19. jacket is worn out. A. Ja

25、mes B. James C. Jamess D. James of( ) 20. I know some inventions of . A. Edisons B. Edisons C. Edison D. Edisons練 習(xí)選擇正確的答案( )1.Are those _?-No, they arent. Theyre _.A. sheep ; cows B. sheep ; cow C. sheeps ; cow D. sheeps ; cows( )2.Mum, Im quite thirsty. Please give me _.A. two orange B. two bottle

26、s of orangeC. two bottles orange D. two bottles of oranges( )3.I have got _ news from my friend. Do you want to know?A. a very good B. any C. a piece of D. two pieces( )4._ room is on the 5th floor.A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy and Lilys C. Lucys and Lily D. Lucys and Lilys( )5.Every morning Mr. Smith ta

27、kes a _ to his office.A. 20 minutes walk B. 20 minutes walkC. 20-minutes walk D. 20-minute walk( )6.This is James Allan Green. We can call him _.A. Mr. Green B. Mr. AllanC. Mr. James D. James Green( )7.Jack and Tom are _.A. good friends B. good friendC. a good friend D. good a friend( )8.Its only ab

28、out ten _ walk to the nearest post office.A. minutes B. minutes C. minutes D. minute( )9.He often has _ for breakfast.A. two breads B. two piece of breadsC. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads( )10.Mrs. Green has two _. Theyre very bright.A. childs B. child C. childrens D. children( )11.What

29、 did the headmaster say about Jims _.A. two months holiday B. two months holidayC. two-month holiday D. two months holidays( )12.I wont go there with you, for I have a lot of _ to do.A. works B. job C. work D. working( )13.Li Lei is a friend of _.A. I sister B. my sisters C. me sister D. my sister o

30、f( )14.Have you read _?A. todays B. today paperC. the todays paper D. todays paper( )15.How many _ are there in the room?A. boxes B. box C. boxs D. boxxes( )16.Many _ have been built in our city since 1987.A. factorys B. factoriesC. factoryes D. factorys( )17.There are lots of _ in the basket on the

31、 table .A. tomatos B. tomato C. tomatoes D. tomatoss( )18.The cat caught two _ last night.A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D. mices( )19.Jack went to have two _ pulled out yesterday afternoon.A. tooths B. tooth C. teeth D. toothes( )20.In our school there are fifty-five _.A. women teachers B. woman teache

32、rs C. women teacher D. womans teacher( )21.The three _ will be put into prison.A. thiefs B. thief C. thieves D. thiefs1【2011陜西】23. John wants to be a , so he often helps sick people in the hospital. A. reporter B. doctor C. scientist D. cook 2【2011清遠(yuǎn)】38. I'm so hungry. Please give me _ to eatA.

33、three bread B three pieces of bread C. three pieces of breads D three piece of bread3【河北省2011】30. Cici enjoys dancing. It's one of her .A. prize B. prizes C. hobby D. hobbies4【2011河南省】23.1 have some problems with my English writing. Can you give me some_? A. advice B. decisions C. information D.

34、 messages5【2011黑龍江綏化市】2. Tom's watch is the same as his_.A, brother B. brothers C. brother's6【2011黑龍江綏化市】3. She likes_best of all the vegetables,A. potatoes B. eggs C. oranges7【2011內(nèi)蒙古包頭】34. Dad, Ive got an “A” in the math exam. Great. And Im sure you will do better, because this is a good _

35、.A. report B. result C. start D. skill8【2011四川德陽】23. Can I help you, sir? - Id like to have 100 _. I want my students to draw pictures. A. piece of paper B. pieces of paper C. pieces of papers9 【2011廣西柳州】I bought an ice cream in the shop. A. river B. store C. home10 【2011廣西柳州】Tony has many Chinese _

36、. A. stamp B. stamps C. a stamp11【2011湖南湘潭】21. The_ of most trees will fall in autumn.A leaf B. leafs C leaves12【2011哈爾濱】21. Boys and gills, feeling peaceful is the first step to becomein the exam. So please take a deep breath and calm down.A. runnersB. winnersC. players13【2011四川達(dá)州】25.How many teach

37、ers are there in your school? them over two hundred.A. woman; The number of; is B. women; The number of; isC. woman; A number of; is D. women; A number of; are14【2011四川廣元】10.Our hospital needs two doctors, Mrs Li. You can ask your son to have a try.A. women B. man C. men15【2011四川宜賓】23. There are man

38、y _ playing on the playground. A. child B. children C. man teachers D. sheeps16（2011四川資陽）16.There are so many _ over there. Whats happening? Lets go to have a look. A. flower B. car C. child D. people17【2011天津】31. For my homework I have to write a(n)_ about the wonders of the world. A. music. B. pic

39、ture. C. composition. D. exam18【2011烏魯木齊】21. He has something wrong with his _ .He cannot see clearly.A. leg B. eye C. hand D. arm19 (2011貴州畢節(jié))22Hello! May I speak to Lucy，please?Sorry，Im afraid you have the wrong Away Bname Cnumber Dtelephone20【2011梧州】40. Please pick up the _. Dont keep it on the f

40、loor.A. paper B. boxes C. books D. bottles21【2011福建莆田】25. I want a_ to cut the big apple. Could you pass me one?Certainly, here you are.A. fork B. knife C. spoon22【2011廣東深圳】4, Could you please tell me something about the two_ ? _. They are exchange students of No. 1 Middle School.A. Frenchmen; Yes,

41、please B. Frenchmans; Come on C. Germen; Not at all D. Germans; All right23【2011貴州貴陽】33. "Excuse me, how can I get to the nearest bus stop?" "Go down this road. It's about_ walkA. five minute's B. five minutes' C. five-minutes24(2011湖南岳陽中考)25.Its from our school to my home

42、. A. ten minutes walk B. ten minutes walk C. ten minutes walk25( 2011大慶) 11. Did you hear any strange _when the quake happened? No, I was in my garden with my flowers and was enjoying the beautiful _of my birds at that time.A. voice; noise B. noise; sound C. whisper; sound D. sound; voice 26【2011本溪】

43、Could you lend me your _?I want to take some photos.A. watchB. radioC. cameraD. telephone27【2011寧夏】28. We have only one Earth. It's our common _.A. family B. house C. home D. room28【2011廣西崇左】28.Whats in the icebox? -A few _, but little _. A.apple,milk B.apple,milks C.apples,milks D.apples,milk 2

44、9【2011廣西賀州】36. Mazy's skirt is the same as her_.A. sisters B. brother C. brothers D. sisters30【2011郴州】22. There isn't any _in the fridge. We need to go shopping.A. orangesB. milkC. eggs初級中學(xué)英語學(xué)業(yè)水平模擬考試英語試題I.單項(xiàng)選擇 從每小題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能夠完成或回答這一問題的最佳答案。（共25小題，每小題1分，共25分）1. Its _nice day, isnt it? Yes. B

45、ut we have to do _hard work!A. a, the B./,a C. the,/ D. a,/2. John has finished his studies at music school. Now with his good _of music, he can teach at school. A. future B. habit C. knowledge D. language C. Whats in the cupboard, Tom? Many _, but little _.A. apples, coffee B. milk, bananas C. panc

46、akes, eggs D. watermelon, juice4. The latest English newspaper, please. Would you like to have _,sir?A. it B. one C. this D. that5. Which of the shirts do you like better? Ill take _. They are cheap and very fashionable.A. nobody B. all C. both D. every6. We know _about the new boss except she just

47、came back from the US. We hope to know her better.A. everything B. nothing C. other things D. something7. He hardly knew anything about the accident_ you told him.A. after B. before C. since D. if8. Do you think theres enough room for us _? No problem. This room is big enough for you to live in.A. f

48、ive B. fifth C. the fifth D.5th9.Jimmy is a lovely grandpa. Yes, he _all his free time with his grandchildren.A. takes B. costs C. spends D. pays10. Can you help me _ those cups and dishes? I get a different number each time.A. carry B. clean C. collect D. count11. My wife asks me _ after drinking.A

49、. never drive B. to never drive C. never driving D. never to drive12. I_ most of the TV shows because I am too busy.A. have missed B. left C. am watching D. look at13. Melody has a great interest in planning flowers, but her sister_. She cant even stay in the garden for one minute.A. cant B. doesnt

50、C. isnt D. wont14. Do you want some bread? I need more than that. Im so _.A. heavy B. hungry C. lucky D. surprised15. He plays so well in the basketball team! Yeah. He is _ than Tim and Tom, but no one plays _ than him.A. shorter, better B. the tallest, worse C. the most careful, more D. more carefu

51、l, most careful16. Are you going out? Its really late now. I know, but its the last day to buy tickets to the World Cup games, _ I must go.A. if B. or C. so D. though17. Lucy cant see the blackboard because the boy who sits _her is very tall.A. near B. behind C. right to D. in front of18. We should give the young man another chance _ he has made some mistake.A. though B. when C. unless D. because19. No on