THE TENSES AND VOICES 中學(xué)英語語法復(fù)習(xí)之時態(tài)和語態(tài)

1、the tenses and voices1.the simple present tense1) 結(jié)構(gòu)(active) do;does(passive) is(am,are) done2) 主要用法：表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作和存在的狀態(tài)。eg.i often come to school early.eg.there are over 50,000 different characters in chinese.eg.he is an engineer. he looks young. 表示主語的特征，性格和能力。表示客觀事實，或普遍真理。eg.the teacher told us that l

2、ight travels faster than sound.eg.practice makes perfect.在時間，條件狀語從句中表示將來的動作。表示按時刻表計劃或安排好的動作。（只限于表示起始或移動意義的動詞。begin, come, leave, start, arrive, go, etc.eg.ill tell him about it when he returns home.eg.i will find out when the train leaves.eg.the plane for san francisco takes off at three p.m.3)與一般現(xiàn)在

3、時連用的時間狀語：every day, once a week, often, twice a week, usually, always, seldom, sometimeseg.i go to the the cinema once a week.eg.sometimes we work until twelve oclock.1.i need one more stamp before my collection _.a.has completedb.completesc.has been completedd.is completed2.can i help you, sir?yes.

4、 i bought this radio here yesterday, but it _. a. didnt work b. wont workc. cant work d. doesnt work3.-can i join your club?-you can when you_ a bit older.a.get b.will getc.are getting d.will have got4.-do you like the material?-yes, it _ very soft.a.is feeling b.feltb.feels d.is felt5.i _ ping pong

5、 quite well, but i havent had time to play since the new year.a.will play b.have playedc.played d.play6.visitors_ not to touch the exhibits.a.will request b.requestc.are requesting d.are requesteda.persuade b. will persuade c. be persuaded d. are persuaded 7.the number of deaths from heart disease w

6、ill be reduced greatly if people _ to eat more fruit and vegetables. a. doesnt gob. not to go c. not going d. dont go8.there are eight tips in dr rogers lecture on sleep, and one of them is : to bed early unless you think it is necessary.9.the earth _ round the sun in 365 days.a.moves b.movedc.has m

7、oved d.move1.do you often clean your room? 2.people speak english in many countries. is your room often cleaned? english is spoken in many countries.2.the simple past tense1)結(jié)構(gòu)(active) did(passive) was/were done2)主要用法：表示過去的動作或狀態(tài)表示過去一段時間內(nèi)經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作也可用： used to + v. would + v.eg.he used to have two br

8、others.eg.when he was free, he would go and help others.在條件和時間狀語從句中，表示過去將來的動作。eg.i told him i would lend him my bike if mr. smith returned it to me the next day. 3)一般過去時常與下列時間狀語連用：yesterday, before liberation, in 1960, two years ago, last month, in the past, the other day,etc.eg.i happened to meet h

9、im in the street the other day.1.she set out soon after dark _ home an hour later. a.arriving b.to arrivec.having arrivedd.and arrived2.your phone number again?i_quite catch it. its 9568442.a.didnt b.couldntc.dont d.cant a.promises b.promised c.will promise d.had promised3.-nancy is not coming tonig

10、ht. -but she_!4.you havent said a word about my new coat, brenda. do you like it? im sorry i_anything about it sooner. i certainly think its pretty on you. a.wasnt saying b.dont sayc.wont say d.didnt saya.was leaving b. had leftc. has left d. left5.- i hear jane has gone to the holy island for her h

11、oliday. - oh, how nice! do you know when she _ ?a. was missing b. had missed c. will miss d. missed6.my mind wasn t on what he was saying so i m afraid i _ half of it.1.the tiger in the zoo frightened the little girl. 2.they gave him a medal for his wonderful work. the little girl was frightened by

12、the tighter in the zoo.he was given a medal for his wonderful work.3.the simple future tense1)結(jié)構(gòu)(active) will do (passive) will be done2)主要用法：表示將來的動作和狀態(tài)。eg.the farmers will begin to pick apples next monday.eg.it will be a fine day tomorrow.表示將來的其他用法：be going to + v.表示打算，準(zhǔn)備做的事，或即將發(fā)生或肯定要發(fā)生的事。eg.how ar

13、e you going to spend your holidays?eg.its going to snow.eg.theres going to be a lot of trouble about this.be about to + v.表示即刻要發(fā)生的動作。eg.we are about to leave.*be about to wheneg. i was about to go swimming when luckily our guide saw me and shouted at me “stop!”be to + v.表示安排或計劃好的動作。eg.a new hospital

14、 is to be built in our district.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示按計劃安排要發(fā)生的事。限于某些動詞，如：leave, go, come, arrive, start,etc.eg.my uncle is arriving at 3:30p.m. tomorrow.3)一般將來時常與下列時間狀語連用：tomorrow, next week, in a moment, in the future,etc.eg.-how soon will he be back? -he will be back in two weeks.a. will never reach b. have nev

15、er reached c. never reach d. never reached1.let s keep to the point or we _ any decisions. a. will often see b. often see c. are often seeing d.have often seen2.turn on the television or open a magazine and you _ advertisements showing happy families a.do you b. will you c. didnt you d. dont you 3.a

16、lice. you feed the bird today, ? but i fed it yesterday. 4.i _to las vegas before you _ back next week.a.am going; come b.shall go; comec.am going; will comed.shall go; will come5.i will go with you as soon as i _ my work.a.will finish b.shall finishc.finish d.have finished1.people will laugh at you

17、 if you wear that dress. you will be laughed at if you wear that dress.2.they wont hold the meeting until next friday. the meeting wont be held until next friday.2.the doctor will ask the patient some questions before he gives her medicine. the patient will be asked some questions before she is give

18、n the medicine. 4.the past future tense1)結(jié)構(gòu)(active) would do(passive) would be done2)用法說明：不能獨立使用，通常用在賓語從句中，表示從過去某一點看，在將來發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。eg.he told me that he would go to beijing the next month.eg. at that time i did not know if he would be able to finish the work on time.5.the present continuous tense表示

19、說話的時刻正在進(jìn)行的動作。1)結(jié)構(gòu)(active) is/am/are doing(passive)is/am/are being done2)主要用法：what are they doing? they are playing in the garden.表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作,盡管此刻這個動作可能并不在進(jìn)行。leave, go, come, arrive, start,etc.表示將來發(fā)生的動作。限于一些表示起始和移動等意義的動詞。例如：eg.the manager is typing his letters these days.eg. he is a teacher of physi

20、cs, but he is now teaching maths.eg.the train is arriving soon.eg.they are going abroad for holidays.表示滿意，稱贊，關(guān)切，抱怨，不滿等情感。常與always, forever, constantly, continually等詞連用。eg.he is always helping people.*現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時所表示的動作具有臨時性，生動性，非完全性等特點。eg.he is living in beijing.eg.he is walking to work because his bicycle

21、 is being repaired.*表示知覺，狀態(tài)，具有，感情類的動詞，一般不可用于進(jìn)行時態(tài)。如：know, see, love, remember, like, want, realize, etc.6.the past continuous tense1)結(jié)構(gòu)(active)was/were doing(passive)was/were being done2.主要用法：表示過去某一時刻正在進(jìn)行的動作。eg.what were you doing this time yesterday?eg.i was writing a letter when she came in.表示過去某階段

22、在進(jìn)行的暫時性習(xí)慣動作。eg.he is a doctor,but at that time he was working in a laboratory.表示過去將要發(fā)生的動作，但只限于一些表示起始和移動意義的動詞。eg.i had thought that he was coming to see me the next day, but he didnt. eg.when i got there, they were preparing for their trip, as they were leaving that afternoon.表示過去打算實現(xiàn)，但沒有實現(xiàn)的動作。eg.i w

23、as coming, but my car broke down.表示剛才的情況。eg.i was asking what you thought of it.eg.-can you give me the right answer?-sorry,i wasnt listening. would you please repeat that question?描寫故事的背景。eg.one day, we were walking along a road, which went around the foot of the hill.suddenly, we saw a little girl

24、 running quickly towards us.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時,表示未來動作的用法同樣適用于過去進(jìn)行時。7.the present prefect tense1)結(jié)構(gòu)(active)have/has done(passive)have/has been done2)主要用法：表示發(fā)生在過去的動作到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成，或剛剛完成。eg.he has finished reading the book today.eg.there have been great changes in beijing in the past twenty years.表示發(fā)生在過去的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。eg.th

25、e conference has lasted for five days.eg.we have known each other since we were children.表示動作在過去完成，構(gòu)成主語的經(jīng)歷。eg.i have been to the great wall three times.eg.this is the fourth time that i have seen the film. i like it very much.表示動作發(fā)生在過去，但對現(xiàn)在的情況產(chǎn)生影響。eg.thank you. i have had my supper.eg.i have seen th

26、e film.在時間和條件狀語從句中，表示將來完成的動作。（表示這一動作先于另一動作。eg.i will go and see the exhibition as soon as i have got the recorder repaired.eg.i will lend the book to you when i have finished reading it.表示一段時間內(nèi)重復(fù)性習(xí)慣性動作。eg.i have always walked to work.eg.i have got up early all my life.*瞬間動作的肯定式一般不可與表示一段時間的狀語一起用于現(xiàn)在完成

27、時。瞬間動詞的否定式可以與表示一段時間狀語一起用于現(xiàn)在完成時。eg.he has come here for two days. eg.he has not come here for two days. 3)現(xiàn)在完成時常與下列時間狀語連用：already, notyet, now, today, this month, this year, lately,just before, in resent years, since, for two years, during the past few years, from then on, so far, up to/till noweg.in

28、 the past twenty years, great changes have taken place in china.8.the past perfect tense1)結(jié)構(gòu)(active)had done(passive)had been done2)用法說明：表示過去某個時間以前已經(jīng)完成的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。eg.he had already left when i got there.eg.they showed us the machine which they had produced.*若句子中含有 before, after, as soon as, until 等連詞引

29、導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，通?？捎靡话氵^去時代替過去完成時。eg.after he finished the task, he left for the next town.9.the present perfect continuous tense1)結(jié)構(gòu)(active)have/has been doing(passive)2)主要用法：表示動作從過去某一時刻開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，現(xiàn)在這個動作可能剛剛終止，也可能仍然在進(jìn)行著。eg.we have been listening to the radio for an hour.eg.-you look tired, dont you?-yes, i

30、 have been painting the room. 10.the past perfect continuous tense1)結(jié)構(gòu)(active)had been doing(passive)2)主要用法：表示過去某一時間以前一直在進(jìn)行的動作。eg.it had been raining for two days. the fields were all under water.eg.at last they got the telegram they had been expecting.11.時態(tài)呼應(yīng)時態(tài)呼應(yīng) 主句主句 從句從句現(xiàn)在或?qū)頃r現(xiàn)在或?qū)頃r 任何時態(tài)任何時態(tài)eg.he

31、 knows what i said.eg.li li tells me that shell come. 主句主句 從句從句 過去時過去時 一般過去或過去進(jìn)行一般過去或過去進(jìn)行（表示主從句的動作同時發(fā)生）eg.i didnt know you were studying here. 過去完成時過去完成時（表示從句動作發(fā)生在主句動作之前）eg.he said he had lost his key. 過去時 過去將來時（表示從句動作發(fā)生在主句動作之后）eg.he told me he would go to the concert.過去時 現(xiàn)在時（從句表達(dá)的是客觀真理） 主句 從句eg.the

32、 teacher said that the sun rises in the east.eg.father told me that light travels fast.*當(dāng)從句含有某一具體的過去時間狀語時，其謂語不用過去完成時。 eg.he told me he was born in 1954.eg.the man said that he joined the army in the year 1964.-hi,tracy,you look tired-i am tired.i_the living room all day. a.painted b.had painted c.ha

33、ve been painting d.have painted20.shirley_a book about china last year but i dont know whether she has finished it. a.has written b.wrote c.had written d.was writing.you havent said a word about my new coat, brenda. do you like it? im sorry i_anything about it sooner. i certainly think its pretty on

34、 you. a. wasn t saying b. don t say c. won t say d. didn t say i wonder why jenny_us recently. we should have heard from her by now. a. hash t written b. doesn t writec. won t write d. hadn t written_he sports meet might be put off. yes,it all depends on the weather. a.ive been told b.ive toldc.im t

35、old d.i toldas shethe newspaper,grannyasleep. a.read; was falling b.was reading; fell c.was reading; was falling d.read; fellyou dont need to describe her.i her several times. a.had metb.have metc.met d.meeti dont think jim saw me; heinto space. a.just stared b.was just staring c.has just stared d.had just stared-my glasses?yes, i saw them on your bed a minute ago. a. do you see b. had you seenc.would you see d. have you seenhelen her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husbandhome.