高中英語復(fù)習(xí) 情態(tài)動詞學(xué)案

1、情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞一、情態(tài)動詞的語法特征1. 情態(tài)動詞不能表示正在發(fā)生或已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情，只表示期待或估計(jì)某事的發(fā)生。2. 情態(tài)動詞除ought和have夕卜，后面只能接不帶to的不定式。3. 情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱、數(shù)的變化，即情態(tài)動詞第三人稱單數(shù)不加-s。4. 情態(tài)動詞沒有非謂語形式，即沒有不定式，分詞等形式?；居梅╟an/could能力the cinema can seat 1,000 people.請求（一、二）-could i use your dictionary?許可(can)-yes, you can.一時(shí)的可能性our house is on the top of the hill,

2、 and in winter the winds can be pretty cold.驚訝how can you be so careless. be able to do 經(jīng)過一番努力做成 the fire spread the building quickly but everybody was able to escape. can't .too.無論怎樣也不為過 you can't be too careful when you cross the street.may/ might請求（一）may i join you?許可(may)if you wish to d

3、o it you may.祝愿may you be happy.may well 很可能 his appearance has changed so much that you may well not recognise him.may/ might as well 不妨 if that is the case, i may as well try.we may as well finish the job, now (that) we've got sofar with it.will/would請求（二）would you pass me the book?建議will you

4、have some tea?意愿、決心i will do anything for you./ he will give up smoking.傾向或習(xí)慣性動作oil will not mix with water./ he will surf the internet every night.would do過去常常，現(xiàn)狀不詳。used to do過去常常，現(xiàn)在不做。shal1（一、三）征詢意見shall i turn on the light, mum?/ shall the boy wait?（二、三）允 諾i promise you shall see her again before

5、 long.命令she shall not stay under my roof!決心these people want to buy my house, but they shan't have it.規(guī)定each competitor shall wear a number.言告if you children won't do as i tell you, you shan't go to the party.shoulj應(yīng)該children should obey their parents.d驚訝（有責(zé)備意味）i don't know why you s

6、hould think i did it.must必須you must see the doctor.偏要must you worry her with questions, just when she is busycooking dinner?必然會everyone must die.表推測(-)情態(tài)動詞表推測的三種回能用于表推測的情態(tài)動詞：must, can, could, will, would, may, might, should, ought to1 .在肯定句中一般用must (定)，may (可能)，might / could (也許，或許)。(1) he must/may/

7、might know the answer to this question?他一定/可能/也許知道這個(gè)問題的答案。(2) it is cold in the room. they must have turned off the heating.屋里很冷，他們肯定把暖氣關(guān)了。2. 否定句中用 cant / couldn't(不可能),may not/might not(可能不)。(1) it can't/couldn't be the headmaster. he has gone to america.這不可能是校長，他去美國了。(2) he may not/mig

8、ht not know the scientist.他也許不認(rèn)識那位科學(xué)家。3. 疑問句中用can/could (能?)。(1) could he have finished the task?他可能把任務(wù)完成了嗎？(2) can he be at home now?他現(xiàn)在能在家嗎？注：以上三種句式中情態(tài)動詞的語氣按程度都是依次遞減的。might, could并非may, can 的過去式，而表示語氣較為委婉或可能性較小。(-)情態(tài)動詞表推測的三種甌1 .對將來情況的推測，用|“情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形"|。(1) she must / may / might / could amve b

9、efore 5.5:00前她一定/可能/也許到。(2) she must/may/might/could walk miles and miles among the hills without meeting anyone.她一定/可能/也許會在山里一連走好幾英里而遇不到一個(gè)人。2. 對現(xiàn)在或一般情況的推測，用|“情態(tài)動詞+be”|, 情態(tài)動詞+be doing，或情態(tài)動詞 +動詞原形”|。(1) he must / may / might / could be listening to the radio now.他一定/可能/也許正在聽收音機(jī)。(2) he can't ( cou

10、ldn't) / may ( might) not be at home at this time.這個(gè)時(shí)候他不可能/可能不在家。(3) mr. bush is on time for everything .how can ( could ) he be late for the opening ceremony ?布什先生一向準(zhǔn)時(shí)，這次開幕式他怎么可能遲到呢？3. 對過去情況的推測，用|“情態(tài)動詞+ have +過去分詞中(1) it must / may / might / could have rained last night .the ground is wet.地濕了，昨

11、晚肯定/可能/也許下雨了。(2) the door was locked. he can ( could ) not / may ( might) not have been at home .門鎖著，他不可能/可能不在家。(3) can / could he have gotten the book?難道他找到書了嗎？注：情態(tài)動詞should /ought to表推測時(shí)，意為“想必會，理應(yīng)”但與“have+過去分詞”連用時(shí)，則又可構(gòu)成虛擬語氣意為“本應(yīng)該做某事卻沒做”。例如：(4) it's seven o'clock. jack should/ought to be her

12、e at any moment.現(xiàn)在七點(diǎn)鐘了，杰克理應(yīng)隨時(shí)到達(dá)。(推測)(5) she should / ought to have attended your birthday party, but she had to look after her mother in hospital.(虛擬)她本該出席你的生日晚會的，可是她得在醫(yī)院照顧她媽媽。(6) tom should not /ought not to have told me your secret, but he meant no harm.(虛擬) 湯姆本不該告訴我你的秘密，可是他并無惡意。推測的句型特點(diǎn)(對某一次的推測句型有

13、兩部分：語氣和時(shí)態(tài))(1)語氣部分：(以下情態(tài)動詞語氣由強(qiáng)至弱)肯定句：must、may> might (=could)否定句：can't (=couldn,t)、mayn't、mightn't疑問句：can、could (語氣更加委婉不確定)(2)時(shí)態(tài)部分：be表示對甌的推測have done表示對|迂丟|的推測be doing表示對正在進(jìn)行的推測表推測的情態(tài)動詞用法“情態(tài)動詞+完成時(shí)”是歷年高考的熱點(diǎn)，在做此類練習(xí)時(shí)，既需要掌握這一結(jié)構(gòu)的基本 用法，乂應(yīng)該仔細(xì)體會題干所提供的語言信息，準(zhǔn)確理解語言環(huán)境和說話人的含義，尤其要 注意題干中時(shí)態(tài)給予的暗示。1. mu

14、st have done表示對已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情的推測，意為“一定，想必”，句子中表示的是一種 肯定的推測。這種結(jié)構(gòu)一般只用于肯定句，其否定形式是can't (couldn't) have done ,表 示“不可能，肯定不會”。例如：he didn't hear the phone . he must have been asleep.他沒有聽到電話響，他肯定是已經(jīng)睡著了。he must have been to shanghai.他一定去過上海。they can't have gone out, because the light is on .他們不可能出去，

15、因?yàn)闊袅林?. can (could) have done表示對過去的時(shí)間內(nèi)可能發(fā)生的事情的猜測，can have done 一般 只用于否定句和疑問句。could have done還可以用于肯定句，常用來表示本來可能完成而 實(shí)際未完成的動作。例如：he can't have finished the work so soon.這項(xiàng)工作他不可能完成得這樣快。we could have walked to the station , it was so near .我們本來是可以走到車站去的，路很近。3. may (might) have done(1) 表示對已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情的不太肯

16、定的推測，意為“可能已經(jīng)，或許已經(jīng)”。(2) 虛擬用法表示本可以做，但卻沒做(表示很委屈地責(zé)備)if we had taken the other road , we might have arrived earlier.如果我們選擇另一條路，我們可能會到得早一些。he might have given you more help, he was very busy.他本來是可以給你更多幫助的，盡管他很忙。4. neednt have done指實(shí)際上做了本來不必要做的事，意為“本來不必”。例如：there was plenty of time , she needn't have h

17、urried.時(shí)間很充裕，她本不必匆忙。you needn't have told him the news.他本來不必把這個(gè)消息告訴他。5. should （ought to ） have done指本該做而實(shí)際未做的事，意為“本來應(yīng)該”。其否定式 shouldt （oughtn't） have done則表示某種行為不該發(fā)生但卻發(fā)生了。例如：you should have started earlier , but you didn't.你本應(yīng)該早一點(diǎn)出發(fā)，但是你沒有。you ought to have helped him （but you didn't

18、）.你本應(yīng)該幫助他。we shouldn't have waited for her because she never came.我們本不應(yīng)該等她，因?yàn)樗静粫怼?. wouid have done本想做（卻沒做）wouldn9t have done本不想做（卻做了）i would have helped you, but i was too busy.我本想幫你，但我太忙了。在虛擬語氣中的用法1. should have done表示"過去本應(yīng)該做某事卻未做?！逼浞穸ńY(jié)構(gòu)shouldn't have done表示 “過去本不該做某事卻做了?！?. ought to have done表示"過去本應(yīng)該做某事卻未做?！逼浞穸ńY(jié)構(gòu)oughtn't to have done表 示“過去本不該做某事卻做了?！?. need have done表示“過去本有必要做某事卻未做?！逼浞穸ńY(jié)構(gòu)needn*t have done表示 “過去本沒必要做某事卻做了?！?/p>