中考英語介詞復(fù)習(xí)教案周早菊

1、中考英語語法復(fù)習(xí)介詞【考點掃描】 介詞是表示它后面的名詞、代詞、短語、從句等與句子其他成分的關(guān)系的詞。在句子中它不能單獨(dú)使用，只能由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、動名詞等構(gòu)成的介詞短語作句子的成分。介詞分為簡單介詞、復(fù)合介詞、雙重介詞、短語介詞和分詞介詞五種類型。中考介詞主要考查要點如下：1、介詞與其后的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成介詞短語，在句中作狀語、賓語、表語、賓補(bǔ)語后置定語。個及物動詞。3、最常見表示時間、地點與方式介詞的用法。4、某些意思比較相近的介詞用法辨析。【策略點撥】從各地的中考題來看，考查介詞的題型多見于用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空、選擇適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空、改錯或完成句子等。完成這類題要求我們首先通讀全句，掌握常見的

2、介詞用法規(guī)律，注意意思相近的介詞間的區(qū)別，還要認(rèn)真判斷是否是固定詞組等。【知識概要】I. 要點1、介詞和種類(1) 簡單介詞，常用的有at, in, on, about, across, before, beside, for , to, without等。(2) 復(fù)合介詞，如by means of, along with, because of, in front of, instead of等。2、介詞和其他詞類的習(xí)慣搭配關(guān)系(1) 和動詞的搭配，如agree with, ask for, belong to, break away from, care about等。(2) 和形容詞的搭

3、配，如afraid of, angry with, different from, good at(3) 和名詞的搭配，如answer to , key to, reason for, cause of, visit to等.3、介詞短語能夠有自己的修飾語，這種修飾語通常有right, just, badly, all, well, directly, completely等少數(shù)幾個副詞。如：He came right after dinner.He lives directly opposite the school.4、 某些介詞的意義與用法舉例(1) at, on, in(表時間)表示時

4、間點用at,如at four o'clock, at midnight等；表示不確定的時間或短期假日也用at,如at that time, at Christmas等。指某天用on, 如on Monday, on the end of November, 指某天的朝夕用on,如on Friday morning, on the afternoon of September lst等。指長于或短于一天的時段用in,如in the afternoon, in February, in Summer, in 1999等。(2) between, among(表位置)between僅用于二者之

5、間，但說三者或三者以上中的每兩個之間的相互關(guān)系時，也用between, 如I'm sitting between Tom and Alice.The village lies between three hills.among用于三者或三者以上之間。如：He is the best among the students.(3) beside, besidesbeside意為"在旁邊"，而besides意為"除之外"。如：He sat beside me.What do you want besides this?(4)in the tree, o

6、n the treein the tree 指動物或人在樹上，而on the tree 指果實、樹葉長在樹上(5)on the way, in the way, by the way, in this wayon the way 指在路上 in the way 指擋道by the way 指順便問一句 in this way 用這樣的方法(6)in the corner, at the cornerin the corner 指在拐角內(nèi) at the corner 指在拐角外(7)in the morning, on the morningin the morning 是一般說法 on the

7、 morning 特指某一天的早晨(8)by bus, on the busby bus 是一般說法 on the bus 特指乘某一輛車【例題解析】例1 Do you know any other foreign language_ English?A except B but C beside D besides解析：A、B兩項except等于but，意為"除了"，C-beside意為"在旁邊"，不符合題意。而D-besides, 意為"除了之外，還有"。所以該題正確答案為D。該題意為：除了英語外，你還知道別的語言嗎？例2 He

8、suddenly returned _ a rainy night.A on B at C in D during解析：我們均知道，at night這一短語，但如果night前有修飾詞，表具體的夜晚，則要用介詞on來修飾，故該題正確答案為A。例3 I'm looking forward _your letter.A to B in C at D on解析：該題正確答案為A。look forward to 為固定搭配，意為"期望、盼望"?！菊骖}再現(xiàn)】1. Kelly cooked dinner _ her parents while they were cleanin

9、g the yard. （成都） A. with            B. for                C. to剖析：本題是考查介詞的用法。for在這里可以表達(dá)“為”或“替”的意思。答案：B2. My father goes to work _ his car.   

10、;       （瀘州）A. by                B. in                  C. on剖析：by、in、on都可以表示方式，后接交通工具的名詞。但by一般后面直接跟交通工具名

11、詞；表示“在車?yán)铩辈怀Ｓ胦n。答案：A3. I often go shopping with my mother _ Sunday mornings.          （南通）A. in         B. at           C. for       D.

12、on 剖析：此題是考查時間介詞的用法。泛指 “在早晨（上午、下午、晚上）”等情況時，常表達(dá)為in the morning/afternoon/evening, 但如果指具體某一天的早晨、上午、下午或晚上，則不用介詞in，而要用介詞on。答案： D4. The foreigners arrived_Shanghai late_night            (上海)A. at, at      B. in, at  

13、  C. in, in    D. at, in剖析：此題是考查介詞與其它詞之間的搭配用法。動詞arrive?？膳c介詞at或in搭配，意為“到達(dá)某地”，at后常接小地點，而in后常接大地方，且大小是相對的，這要根據(jù)具體的情況來確定。此句中Shanghai屬大地點，應(yīng)用in。與night搭配的是介詞at，構(gòu)成at night?！粳F(xiàn)場練兵】I.用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空。1 .Im sorry I cant say it _ Chinese.2 .Do you usually go to school _bike?3 .Look, the farmer is

14、 carrying apples _ a truck.4 .Is anyone _ home?5 .Please look _my bird when Im away.6 .Are Jim and Li Lei _ the same class?7 .There is a hole _ the wall.8.  _ the beginning of this term, I met my new friend, Jim .9 .There are a few leaves _the tree.10 .The gir

15、l _ the red coat is my sister.11 .Could you give an orange _ me?12 .Its time to go _bed.13 .I can see a bottle _ orange.14 .Put the basket _ there.15 .Whats wrong _ your watch?16 .One _ the students is in the classroom. 17 .I think the shop is closed _

16、60;this time of day.18 .My father teaches English _  a school.19 .We have lunch _  the middle of the day.20 .You can buy some school things _  your way home.21 .I was born _ July 1st, 1982 .22 .May I borrow a pencil _ you?23 .Dont sleep _ the open air.24

17、.I often help my mother _ the housework.25 .Its time _ school.26 .I have quite a lot _homework to do.27 .Whats the time ? Its half _ five.28 .Ducks are good _ swimming.29 .What are you talking _?30 .He is sitting _ the front of the car.II.選擇填空。(   )1. _ the mo

18、ney, she bought a new coat _ her father.A. With, for     B. With, to      C. For, with     D. To, with (   )2. The beautiful bottle was made _ glass.A. from         B. in  

19、60;       C. of           D. by (   )3. This is a map_China.A. in           B. at          C. of   &

20、#160;       D. on (   )4. A group_ boys and girls are dancing in the park.A. with         B. of         C. for           D. to(

21、60;  )5. Tom always comes late_school.A. at           B. inside      C. to            D. for (   )6. Mr. Smith caught hold_ Bob and said, "This is a good lesson_ you.A. of, for         B. for