初中英語語法---狀語從句小結

1、學習必備歡迎下載中學英語語法 - 狀語從句小結狀語從句是一種作狀語用的從句，修飾主句的動詞、形容詞、副詞或修飾全句，補充說明時間、地點、緣由、條件、方式、程度、狀態(tài)等；依據(jù)它表達的意思的不同，可分為時間狀語從句、地點狀語從句、緣由狀語從句、條件狀語從句、比較狀語從句、目的狀語從句、結果狀語從句等；時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句、結果狀語從句、緣由狀語從句都是中考的重點；一、時間狀語從句時間狀語從句表示主句動作發(fā)生的時間，引導時間狀語從句的連詞有 when, as, while, before, after, as soon as, till, until, since等；until用于確定句中，

2、表示句子的動作始終連續(xù)到until 短語所表示的時間為止， 即表示動作的終點；一般可譯為 “直到時為止 ”或“在以前”；在這種用法中，句子的謂語動詞必需是連續(xù)動詞 非瞬時動詞 ，如 live, wait, last, love, like, stay, work, continue 等；until 用于否定句中，表示句子的動作直到until 短語所表示的時間才開頭發(fā)生，即表示動作的起點；一般 譯為“直到才”或“直到之前仍不 ”eg. it may last until friday. 這可能要連續(xù)到星期五；用于否定句中：eg. the secret was never told until a

3、fter the old man's death.這個隱秘在老人去世后才說出來；連詞 until以同樣的方式分析作連詞的until 的用法；作連詞用的until 的英文釋義是 up to the timewhen直到時為止 ；作連詞的 until 用于確定句中，表示主句的動作始終連續(xù)到從句動作發(fā)生或狀態(tài)顯現(xiàn)時為止；一般可譯為 “直到為止”；在這種用法中，主句的謂語動詞必需是連續(xù)動詞非瞬時動詞 ，如 live, wait , last, love, like, stay, work, continue 等；eg. heat can be conducted froma hot body

4、toa cooler one untilboth are at the same temperature.熱可以從一個熱的物體傳到一個較冷的物體，直到兩者溫度相同為止；作連詞的 until 用于否定句中, 表示主句的動作在從句的動作發(fā)生之前尚未發(fā)生，或者說主句的動作在從句的動作發(fā)生之后才開頭；一般可譯為“直到才”；eg. i hadn't realized she was foreign until she spoke.她不說話我仍始終不知道她是個外國人；since 作連詞引導時間狀語從句的用法：一、如 since 引導的狀語從句的謂語動詞是終止性的過去時，就從句表示的時間是“從動作開

5、頭的那一時刻起 ”；如：eg. he has studied very hard since he came to our school.自從他來到我們學校，他學習就特別努力；二、如 since 引導的狀語從句的謂語動詞是連續(xù)性動詞或表示狀態(tài)的動詞的過去時時，就從句表示的時間是 “從那連續(xù)動作或狀態(tài)終止時算起”；eg. i haven't heard any noise since i slept.sleep 為連續(xù)性動詞， sleep 的動作終止時，即 “醒來”時，這句應譯為 “我醒后仍未聽到任何聲音 ”；john is now with his parents in new yor

6、k, it is already three years since he was a teacher.約翰現(xiàn)在和父母一起住在紐約，他不當老師已經三年了；學習必備歡迎下載while 表示“正值 時”； 指同時 用于同時進行的兩連續(xù)性動作相相伴而發(fā)生，常對同類的兩動作進行對比；eg. please write while i read. 我念的時候，請寫下來；when 表示“當. 時：可表示瞬時、時間段，與主從句所述動作、事情可同時，也可有先后；例：eg. it was snowing when we got to the airport. 我們到達機場時，天正下著雪；同時發(fā)生 ；as 當時，強

7、調 at the same time 不指先后，而指同時發(fā)生，尤指短動作或大事同時發(fā)生，eg. i looked; someone came here.正值我看的時候，有個人走過來； as不行說明兩種正在進展或變化的情形；eg. as i get older, i get more optimistic. 隨著年齡變大我變得更加樂觀；as、when、while 都可引導時間較長的同時發(fā)生的“背景”情形；eg. as when, while i was walking down the street, i noticed a police car in front of a shop.當我順著公

8、路往前走的時候，我發(fā)覺一家商店前停著一輛警車；留意： 1. 在以 as soon as, until, when 等引導的時間狀語從句中，通常用一般現(xiàn)在時，而主句用將來時；2. since 引導的時間狀語從句用一般過去時，主句常用完成時，并且動詞用連續(xù)性動詞；二、條件狀語從句條件狀語從句表示主句動作發(fā)出的前提或條件、假想、估計等，條件狀語從句通常由連詞if, unless 等引導；eg. i'll help you with your english if i am free tomorrow.假如我明天有空，我就幫你學英語；he won't be late unless he

9、 is ill. 他不會遲到的，除非他生病了；留意：在 if,unless等詞引導的條件狀語從句，主句的謂語動詞用一般將來時，從句的謂 語動詞通常用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來的含義；三、目的狀語從句目的狀語從句表示主句的動作發(fā)生的目的或愿望，可用 so that, that, in order that 等詞引導；目的狀語動詞中常有情態(tài)動詞may/might, can/could, should 或 will/would.eg. he visited london in order that he could see his parents. he visited london so that he

10、could see his parents為.了探望父母他來到了倫敦；school was closed early in order that the children might get home ahead of the storm.學校早放學，為的是讓孩子們在暴風雨前到家；四、結果狀語從句結果狀語從句表示主句的動作所引起的結果，可以用sothat, suchthat等引導；eg. the burglar wore gloves, so that there were no fingerprints found竊.有發(fā)覺指紋；賊帶著手套，所以沒he spoke so quickly th

11、at only a few students could follow him.他講話太快，只有幾個同學能聽懂；the house is so expensive that very few people can afford it. 房子價格太貴，很少有人買得起；he was so good a runner that nobody could catch him他.是跑步的能手，沒人能趕上他；it is such a good chance that we mustn't miss it.如此好的機會我們絕不能錯過；it is such nice weather that i do

12、n't like to stay at home.天氣這么好，我不愿呆在家里；學習必備歡迎下載辨析： sothat 和 suchthatsothat 和 suchthat的意思均為 “如此以致”，都用來引導結果狀語從句；但二者用法不盡相同，現(xiàn)歸納如下：1. sothat 結構中的 so 為副詞，后面跟形容詞或副詞；suchthat 中的 such 為形容詞，后面接名詞 名詞前可以有形容詞修飾；eg. he became so angry that he couldn't speak.他變得很憤怒，以致說不出話來；it was such a fine day that we we

13、nt out for a walk.那是一個很晴朗的日子， 我們出去漫步；2. 當 that 前的名詞有表示數(shù)量多少的many, much, few, little 等修飾時，只能用so，不能用 such.eg. there was so much noise outside that we couldn't hear the teacher.外面嘈雜聲很大，以致我們不能聽到老師的話；he had so many falls that he was black and blue all over.他跌了這么多的跤，以致全身青一塊、紫一塊的；留意：如名詞前的little 說明為 “小的

14、”意思時，就仍用such, 而不能用 so. eg. they are such little sheep that they can't run fast.它們是小綿羊，以至于它們跑得不快；3. 當 that 前是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞且該名詞前面有形容詞修飾時，so 與 such 可以互換，即： soadj.a/an n.such a/anadj.n.eg.she is so good a teacher that we all love her.her.她是一位好老師，我們都愛她；she is such a good teacher that we all love4. 當 that 前是

15、不行數(shù)名詞或復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時，就必需用such，不能用 so 來代替； eg. it was such fine weather that they all went swimming. 那是個好天氣，他們都去游泳了；they are such nice apples that we would like to eat them.它們是如此好的蘋果， 以致我們想吃它們；五、緣由狀語從句緣由狀語從句由because, as, for, since等引導；eg. we couldn't walk very fast because the road was very slippery因.為路

16、滑我們走不快；as she's been ill, perhaps she'll need some help她.由于生病可能需要些幫忙；since you're not interested, i won't tell you about it. 既然你不感愛好，那我就不告知你；辨析： because, since, as和 for1. because語氣最強，表示直接緣由，可用于回答why提出的問題、引導表語從句、用于強調句等，而其余三者均不行；eg.“why didn't he come.” “because he w他a為s i什ll. 么沒”來

17、“.”因“為他病了； ”my stomach hurts because i have eaten too many apples我.肚子痛，由于蘋果吃得太多；that's because you can't appreciate music這.是由于你不能觀賞音樂；it is because he is honest that i like him.是由于他誠懇我才喜愛他；2. since 語氣較弱，指雙方都明確的緣由或眾所周知的緣由，譯為“既然”，側重主句，從句表示明顯的或已知的理由；eg. since you don't like it, i'll put

18、 it away.既然你不喜愛，我就把它放在一邊；since you are wrong, you should apologize.你既然錯了，就應當賠禮；3. as 由“于，鑒于 ”，指客觀事實，常與since 互換使用；eg. as there was no answer, i wrote again鑒.于沒回復，我又寫了一封信；as you weren't there, i left a message.由于你不在那兒，我留了個口信；學習必備歡迎下載4. for是并列連詞，不說明直接緣由而是對某種情形加以推斷，其引導的分句前常有逗號；eg. he must be ill, fo

19、r he is absent today.他肯定是生病了，由于他今日沒來；he took the food eagerly, for he has eaten nothing since dawn他.他從天亮都沒吃過東西；狼吞虎咽地吃了起來， 由于六、比較狀語從句常由 than, asas, not asso eg. john is taller than his brother.約翰比他的弟弟高；i'm as tall as you. 我和你一樣高；等連a詞s引導；he doesn't pay as much tax as we do/ as us他.沒有我們交的稅款多；七、

20、方式狀語從句常由 as, as ifas though等 eg. leave it as it is. 保持原狀，別動它；do it as i do it.照我的樣子做這件事；連詞引導；he treats me as if/ as though i were a child.他把我當小孩子一樣來對待；they completely ignore the fact as if/ as though it never existed.他們完全忽視了這個事實， 就似乎它不存在似的；八、讓步狀語從句常由 thoughalthough等連詞引導；eg. although it was cold, he

21、went out without a coat.盡管天氣很冷，他沒有穿外套就出去了；though they are poor, they have enough to eat他.們雖然很窮，食物仍是夠吃的；典型例題：1. i the cds to you if i have time tomorrow.a. will returnb. returnedc. have returnedd. return解析：考查狀語從句的時態(tài)；在if 條件狀語從句中，主句用將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時，應選 a；2. dick gave me a note while i in the library. i gue

22、ss he made it to say“sorry ”to you.a. am readingb. was readingc. readsd. will read解析：主句使用了一般過去時，時間狀語從句也應使用過去的某種時態(tài)，這里應使用過去進行時，表示動作正在發(fā)生；下句i guess he made it to say“sorry ”也t為o 解yo題u.供應了很好的提示；應選 b；3.look. here comes our school bus. no hurry. don't get on it it has stopped.a. untilb. afterc. sinced.

23、 when解析：考查時間狀語從句；句意為“看！我們的校車來了； ”別“急；等車停穩(wěn)再上去吧； ”選 a ，notuntil 直到才，是固定搭配；4. i didn't know he came back i met him in the street.a. sinceb. whenc. untild. after解析：考查時間狀語從句；句意為：直到在街上見到他，我才知道他回來了；notuntil是固定結構，表示 “直到才”；應選 c；學習必備歡迎下載5. i'll do it better if the teacher me another chance.a. giveb. g

24、ivesc. gaved. will give解析：考查狀語從句的時態(tài)；if 引導的狀語從句一般遵循“主將從現(xiàn) ”的規(guī)章，應選 b；6. when i went to say goodbye to anna, she the piano.a. is playingb. playsc. was playingd. played解析：when 引導的時間狀語從句使用了一般過去時，主句也應使用過去的某種時態(tài)，這里表示動作正在發(fā)生 （她正在彈鋼琴），用過去進行時， 這能使描寫的對象更加生動； 應選 c；7. i have been tryingmy best to study english i wa

25、nt to have a chance to be a volunteer for the beijing olympics.a. untilb. becausec. though解析：考查緣由狀語從句； i want to have a chance to be a volunteer for the beijing olympics.（我想有機會成為一名北京奧運會的理想者）與 i have been trying my best to study englis（h 我始終在竭盡全力學習英語）構成因果關系，應選b；8. how was your climbing on mount tai ？

26、 i didn't believe i could do it i got to the top.a. untilb. unlessc. afterd. when解析：考查時間狀語從句；notuntil直“到才”是固定句式；句意為 “你爬泰山的感受是什么？ ”我“簡直難以置信，直到登上山頂”；9.look at the noisy kids. haven't you heard the saying“when the cat is away, the mice .”.a. playb. playedc. are playingd. will play解析：考查含有時間狀語從句的

27、主句的時態(tài)；規(guī)律是：“主將從現(xiàn) ”，即從句用一般現(xiàn)在時，主句用一般將來時；應選d；“when the cat is away, the mice will play（.虎，猴子稱大王； ”）10. he met many problems he was going over his lessons.a. beforeb. as soon asc. sinced. while相當于 “”山中無老解析：考查時間狀語從句中連詞的選用； 要從意義和句子規(guī)律兩方面考慮； 與 as 和 when 相比，表達兩個較長時間的動作，特殊是供應 “背景”的時間更長時，常用 while ，應選 d；句意為“他在復習

28、功課時遇到了很多問題； ”語法專練：一、時間、地點、條件、讓步狀語從句練習1. people behind you will be unhappy you talk too long on the phone.a. asb. forc. if2. you don't go to see the doctor, you'll be worse.a. if; /b. if; andc. if; or學習必備歡迎下載3. mother was busy cooking in the kitchen father was watching tv in the sitting room.

29、a. asb. whenc. while4. don't leave the office i come back.a. whenb. ifc. until5. i didn't go to bed all the tv programmes were over.a. untilb. whenc. after6. there are usually some people watching those retired workers play chess.a. whichb. wherec. as7. it was raining, we went on with our sp

30、orts meeting.a. though; /b. though; butc. /; but8. i reached the station the train had just moved.a. untilb. afterc. as soon as9. the mouse had run into the hole the cat could catch it.a. beforeb. afterc. as soon as10. the baby stopped crying he saw his mother.a. untilb. as soon asc. then二、緣由、比較、目的、

31、結果狀語從句練習；用所給的關聯(lián)詞將簡潔句連接成復合句；1. he didn't pass the exam. he hadn't gone over his lessons（.2. you can buy the dictionary. you have got enough money（.because） since）3. you have seen the film twice. you can give the ticket to your brothe（r. now that）4. it was a long letter. it took her more than

32、two hours to type it（.suchthat）5. i called out to him in a loud voice. he heard me on the other side of the stree（t. so that）6. lily sings well. linda sings well, too. （ asas）7. jim looks weak. his brother tim looks even weaker（. than）8. mr. and mrs. smith work hard. they want to send their son to c

33、ollege（. in order that）9. i'll give you some more examples. you can learn how to use this expressio（n.so that）10. he ran very fast. nobody in our class could catch up with him（.sothat）三、句型轉換1. the students were reading books. the teacher came into the ro（om合.語從句的復合句）并為一個含有時間狀2. after the mother

34、came back, the little girl went to bed（.改為同義句）the little girl to bed the mother cam back.3. jane and kate are of the same ag（e.改為同義句） jane is kate.學習必備歡迎下載4. study hard, and you'll catch up with your classmates（.改為同義句） you study hard, you catch up with your classmates.5. there are many rabbits i

35、n the filed in australia. the farmers can't kill them all. （改為同義句）there are many rabbits in the filed in australia farmers can't kill them all.6. the boy is so lazy that he does badly in all his lesson（s. 改為同義句） he is a boy he does badly in all his lessons.7. if he isn't ill, he won'

36、t be late.（改為同義句） he won't be late he is ill.8. he visited london to see his parents（.改為復合句）he visited london he could see his parents.9. i will try it; i may fail.（改寫為讓步狀語從句）i will try it, i may fail.10. without your help, i can't finish the work on time.（改為同義句） you help me, i can't fin

37、ish the work on time.四、完形填空have you ever heard of the satellite called early bird which was built by an organization consisting of 16 countries. now dozens of satellites 1 into space,and they help people in many ways.you can speak to people on 2 side of the world over the telephone 3 the help ofsate

38、llites. they can help take photos of earth and produce maps. some pictures 4 by satellites show us the exact places where different metals can be found. they can also 5 the differences between healthy plants and poor ones. this is a great help to the scientists 6 work in forests.satellites benefit o

39、ur daily life. for example, satellites for 7 are used to send radio and tv programs from one part of the world to another. it is satellites that make our world seem 8 .a number of research stations have been set up to study outer space. in the past, it was difficult9 the scientists to get a clear pi

40、cture of the dusty air, while satellites make it easier now. they are being used more and more to collect information about space, just like 10 between space and us.1. a. has putb. have putc. has been putd. have been put2. a. otherb. bothc. neitherd. the other3. a. withb. inc. byd. at4. a. takeb. ta

41、kesc. takingd. taken5. a. sayb. speakc. telld. read6 a. whichb. whoc. whered. what7. a. weatherb. armyc. industryd. broadcasting學習必備歡迎下載8. a. cleanerb. smallerc. largerd. farther9. a. forb. ofc. withd. by10. a. linesb. lightsc. bridgesd. ropes五、閱讀懂得they british museum is the biggest museum in the wo

42、rld. inside you feel smaller than usual. the story of the british museum goes back three hundred years to one unusual man. sir hanssloane, a doctor to king george.the doctor collected books, drawings, clothes, money, animals, flowers, things from all overthe world. the doctor wanted everything to st

43、ay together when he died, so that people could come and have a look. the british museum began. king george gave his library, and the museum started to grow.the british museum opened in 1759, six years after sir hans sloane died. at first the museum was only open three days a week and only ten people

44、 could enter in an hour. there wasn't much time to see things. visitors had to run through the rooms.by about 1800, things began to get better. wonderful statu（es雕像）, three thousand years old,arrived from egypt.george iv sold all his books to the museum secretly. a hundred years ago, not only ol

45、d books but also new ones arrived at the museum, and more people came to read them. since then many famous men have written and studied there. and the library is growing faster and faster.there are four kilometers of new shelves every year and there are about two million visitors every year.1. sir h

46、ans sloane was interested in .a. collecting all kinds of booksb. collecting all kinds of drawingsc. collecting all kinds of moneyd. collecting all kinds of things2. when you go inside the british museum, you feel smaller than usual because .a. the museum is emptyb. the museum is very bigc. there are

47、 too many things in itd. you are too small3. sir hans sloane died .a. in 1753b. in 1759c. in 1765d. in 18004. at first, the visitors had to run through the museum because .a. there were only several things to seeb. the museum was the biggest one in the worldc. they were not interested in the things

48、in itd. they had only one hour to see all the things in it5. the passage is mainly about .a. sir hans sloaneb. george c. the history of the british museumd. the books of the museum學習必備歡迎下載答案與解析：一、1. c本句用從屬連詞if 引導條件狀語從句；本句假如使用as 引導緣由狀語從句或 用 for 連接并列句，句子時態(tài)要調整： people behind you are unhappy as you have

49、 talked too longon the phone.people behind you are unhappy, for you have talked too long on the phone.2. aif 用來連接條件狀語從句， and 或 or 用來連接并列句， 所以用 if 就不能用后兩個并列連詞；3. cwhile 在這兒連接一個時間狀語，表示與主句同時進行的動作；4. c“notuntil句”型表示 “不到就不（要）”或“直到才”；5. c本句的正確答案是after，而 until 不能使用，除非將主句改為否定句： i didn't go to bed until

50、all the tv programmes were over.6. b本句中用 where 引導地點狀語從句；7. athough 與 but 不能并用；可只用but，但句子開頭須大寫；8. bafter 引導時間狀語從句，明確表示從句動詞表示的動作先于主句動詞表示的動作；9. abefore 引導時間狀語從句，明確表示主句動詞表示的動作先于從句動詞表示的動作；10. bas soon as引導時間狀語從句，表示從句動作一發(fā)生，主句動作即發(fā)生；由于兩個動作連接緊密，所以從句中不肯定要用過去完成時；二、1. he didn't pass the exam because he hadn't gone over his lesson用s.狀語從句置主句之后；because引導緣由2. since you have got enough money, you can buy the dictionary用.說話雙方都知悉的緣由；