《【中考命題研究】（懷化）2020中考英語 語法專題突破 專題八 動詞（無答案）》

1、專題八動詞第一節(jié)動詞的分類及辨析,懷化五年中考命題規(guī)律及趨勢考查點年份題號考查角度選項設置分值動詞詞義辨析202038動詞詞義辨析call/pay/bring1分39動詞詞義辨析hate/dislike/love1分202033動詞詞義辨析make/buy/sell1分202028情態(tài)動詞詞義辨析may/must/can1分31動詞詞義辨析call/send/help1分35動詞詞義辨析shouted/smiled/cried1分202031動詞詞義辨析leave/stop/give1分38動詞詞義辨析buying/borrowing/selling1分39動詞詞義辨析took/paid/co

2、st1分202027情態(tài)動詞詞義辨析might be/may be/can't be1分33動詞詞義辨析stop/begin/keep1分37動詞詞義辨析came/died/arrived1分39動詞詞義辨析laugh/dance/cry1分29非謂語動詞辨析doing/do/to do1分懷化中考單項選擇對動詞的考查主要涉及情態(tài)動詞和非謂語動詞及動詞時態(tài)。完形填空中主要涉及實義動詞詞義辨析而短文填詞中對動詞的考查主要是和時態(tài)相結合。預計2020中考懷化單選仍會從情態(tài)動詞，非謂語動詞，動詞時態(tài)方面來考查。完形填空主要考查動詞詞義辨析。,懷化中考重難點突破動詞的分類實義動詞是否接賓語及物

3、動詞不及物動詞是否延續(xù)性延續(xù)性動詞短暫性動詞系動詞助動詞情態(tài)動詞動詞分類【考點搶測】()1._ everyone here today？now let's begin the meeting.abebarecis()2.he _ pale at the meeting this morning.agot blooked cturned()3.i _ go to bed until i finished my work.adon't bdid cdidn't()4.he said that he dropped his bag when he _ running for

4、the bus.awas bwere care()5.he _ an english club last year and has made great progress in english.aprotected bproducedcjoined()6.if you want to change the world，you have to _ yourself first.aenjoy bcheck cchange()7.the man over there _ be mr. smith.he has gone to hong kong.amust bmay ccan't()8.ac

5、cording to the new traffic law，everyone in a car _ wear the belt.acan bmay cmust【滿分點撥】動詞按照含義及它們在句中的作用分為4類，即行為動詞，也稱實義動詞，(連)系動詞、助動詞和情態(tài)動詞。情態(tài)動詞將在第三節(jié)中具體講解。動詞作為句子的核心成分，學生應重點掌握。1動詞的分類動詞是表示動作或狀態(tài)的詞。動詞分為四類：實義動詞、連系動詞、助動詞和情態(tài)動詞。(1)實義動詞的用法(及物動詞與不及物動詞)實義動詞是能獨立作謂語的動詞。按其是否跟賓語分為及物動詞(vt.)和不及物動詞(vi.)；按是否具有延續(xù)性分為延續(xù)性動詞和短暫

6、性動詞。及物動詞及物動詞本身意義不完整，需要接賓語才能使其意思表達完整，如reach，ask，return，love，need。具體用法為：動詞賓語。如：he reached canada yesterday.他昨天到達加拿大。動詞賓語賓語補足語。如：they asked me to go fishing with them.他們讓我一起去釣魚。i saw the children play in the park yesterday.昨天我看見孩子們在公園里玩。注意：帶省略to的不定式或現在分詞作賓補的?？紕釉~有：make，let，have，see，watch，notice，hear等。動詞

7、間接賓語直接賓語。如：i will return the storybook to him.我準備把故事書還給他。注意：帶雙賓語的常考動詞有：give，bring，buy，get，leave，lend，make，offer，pass，teach，tell，reach，return等。不及物動詞不及物動詞本身意思完整，無須接賓語，構成“主語謂語”的句型，如swim，come，go，run，travel等；如后面接賓語，必須與介詞連用。如：lucy is swimming.露西正在游泳。i am waiting for you at the school gate.我正在校門口等你。有些動詞既可作

8、及物動詞，又可作不及物動詞。如：we study english.我們學習英語。(及物)we study hard.我們學習努力。(不及物)the little girl is singing an english song.這個小女孩正在唱一首英語歌曲。(及物)the little girl sings well.這個小女孩唱歌很好。(不及物)(2)系動詞的用法系動詞本身沒有詞義，不能單獨作謂語，必須和表語一起構成謂語，說明主語的狀態(tài)、性質、特征或身份。常考系動詞的分類類別功能例詞表示狀態(tài)表示主語所處的狀態(tài)。am，is，are，was，were表示持續(xù)表示主語繼續(xù)或保持某種身份和狀態(tài)。kee

9、p，remain，stay，stand，lie表示感官表示人體感官的系動詞。look，feel，smell，taste，sound表示狀態(tài)變化表示主語從一種狀態(tài)變換到另一種狀態(tài)。become，get，go，grow，turn常見用法的注意事項：一般情況下，系動詞沒有被動語態(tài)形式。表示狀態(tài)的系動詞一般不用于進行時(feel除外)；變化系動詞表示“漸漸”，可用于進行時。如：it's getting warmer and warmer.天氣漸漸變得暖和。(3)助動詞的用法助動詞本身沒有意義或意義不完全，不能單獨用作謂語。助動詞在句中與實義動詞或系動詞一起構成謂語，以表示時態(tài)、語態(tài)、人稱和數。

10、此外，還可以用來構成否定、疑問或強調的句型。具體用法見下表：分類作用beam/is/are現在分詞現在進行時was/were現在分詞過去進行時be過去分詞被動語態(tài)do形式有do，does，did，用于構成疑問句和否定句，或用在動詞前加強語氣havehave/has過去分詞現在完成時had過去分詞過去完成時havebeen現在分詞現在完成進行時will/shallwill/shall動詞原形一般將來時would/should動詞原形過去將來時【易錯點提醒】will，would，shall，should除了表示單純的將來時間以外，更多的是用作情態(tài)動詞。(4)情態(tài)動詞的用法(具體用法和習題詳見本專題

11、的第三節(jié)情態(tài)動詞)2動詞的基本形式英語動詞有五種基本形式，即：動詞原形、第三人稱單數(現在時)、過去式、過去分詞和現在分詞。形式構成例詞動詞原形不帶to的動詞不定式形式。be，do，have，come第三人稱單數一般在動詞原形后直接加­s。workworksreadreads以s，o，x，z，sh，ch結尾的動詞，后加­es。gogoeswashwashes以輔音字母加y結尾的動詞，應將y改為i再加­es。flyfliesstudystudies過去式與過去分詞一般在動詞原形后直接加­ed。workworkedstaystayed在以­e結尾的

12、動詞后只加­d。closeclosedlikeliked以輔音字母加y結尾的動詞，應將y改為i再加­ed。studystudiedcarrycarried以重讀閉音節(jié)結尾且末尾只有一個輔音字母的動詞，雙寫此輔音字母再加­ed。stopstoppedplanplanned現在分詞一般在動詞原形后直接加­ing。sleepsleepingwaitwaiting以不發(fā)音的e結尾的動詞，去e再加­ing。smilesmilingmovemoving以重讀閉音節(jié)結尾且末尾只有一個輔音字母的動詞，雙寫此輔音字母再加­ing。sitsittingd

13、igdiggingplanplanning少數以ie結尾的動詞，變ie為y，再加­ing。diedyinglielying動詞辨析【考點搶測】一、詞語運用joinwearsmellcost1we need to buy a computer that _ least and has the best quality.2why are you _ a t­shirt？you'll probably catch a cold in this very cold weather.3mom，this kind of fruit _ nice.i'd like to

14、taste one.二、單項選擇()4.you are _ to type quickly when talking to each other on qq so the other person doesn't get bored.asuggestedbsupportedcsupposed()5.his family are worried about him because they haven't _ letters from him for a long time.aaccepted breceivedcwritten()6.daisy is such a good d

15、aughter that she _ most of her spare time with her parents.aspends bcostsctakes()7.try to _do not depend on your dictionary all the time.aknow bachievecguess()8.don't forget to _ “thank you！”when someone helps you.atalk btellcsay()9.the roof of the house needs repairing.it's raining now，you&

16、#39;d better get something to _ rain drops.acontrol bcoverccatch()10.(2020常德中考模擬試題)oh，it _ so nice.what beautiful music it is!asmells bsoundsctastes()11.i really enjoy the noodles and vegetables.they _ delicious.astay bfeelctaste【滿分點撥】分析懷化近幾年的中考真題不難看出動詞辨析是懷化中考的一個必考點。主要涉及實義動詞辨析，情態(tài)動詞辨析等。這種題目多會在單選和完形填空

17、中出現。這種題目主要考查學生平時對單詞的記憶。第二節(jié)動詞短語,懷化五年中考命題規(guī)律及趨勢考查點年份題號考查角度選項設置分值動詞短語202035動詞短語辨析went past/went into/ came out of1分202037動詞短語辨析took it off/cut it up/put it on1分202037動詞短語辨析went away/fell down/took out1分懷化中考對動詞短語的考查主要集中在完形填空，從2020年起，懷化中考開始在完形填空中對動詞短語進行考查，以后每年出一道動詞短語的同義辨析題。預測2020年懷化中考完形填空仍會考查動詞短語辨析。,懷化中考重

18、難點突破【考點搶測】()1.it's hot today，isn't it?yes，it is.why not _ your jacket?atake carebtake placectake off()2.to keep healthy，many people _ every day.atake a shower btake pridectake exercise()3.(2020懷化中考模擬)i have _ my watch everywhere.but i cannot find it.alooked at blooked upclooked for()4.again

19、and again the doctor _ the crying baby girl but he couldn't find out what was wrong with her.alooked over blooked afterclooked for()5.there aren't many tickets left for the concert，so you'd better _ that you get one today.amake sure of bmake a decisioncmake sure()6.the firemen soon _ the

20、 big fire.aput off bput upcput out()7.(2020永州中考模擬)the olympic games of 2020 will _ in brazil.atake after btake offctake place()8.we'll _ an english play snow white during this year's art festival.alook up blook outcput on()9.because of the bad weather，we have to _ the meeting till next week.

21、atake off bget offcput off()10.my bike is broken.could you help me to _？afix it up bset it upcmake it up()11.the heavy snow didn't _ the international airlines.apay attention tobadd tocmake a difference to()12.this morning i _ some new restaurants on the internet for i wanted to take mia to a ni

22、ce restaurant for her birthday.apicked up blooked upccleaned up()13.(2020懷化三中模擬)alice，could you help me _ the meat？i want to make some dumplings for dinner.ok.i'll do it right away.aput up bgive upccut up()14.don't _ so often.it's bad for your health.aget up bstay upclook up()15.he faile

23、d in the math test and looks sad.let's _.aput him up bset him upccheer him up()16.(2020懷化中考模擬試題)more and more students _ too much homework and they are really tired of it.acomplain about bcare aboutclearn about()17.it's cold outside._ your sweater before you go out.aput on bturn oncput up()1

24、8.the people in ya'an have met lots of difficulties，but they haven't _ hope.apicked up bgiven upclooked for()19.i am too tired.i don't know how to _ the problem.acare about bdeal withcdepend on【滿分點撥】動詞短語在意義上相當于一個實義動詞。動詞短語辨析是近年來各省市中考?？键c，同一個動詞與不同介詞或副詞的搭配、不同動詞與同一個介詞或副詞的搭配會產生不同意義的動詞短語。動詞短語的詞

25、義辨析試題旨在通過題干或微型語境考查考生對上下文的理解、動詞短語的不同搭配識別、記憶及動詞短語詞義的辨析并恰當運用動詞短語的能力。分析懷化近5年中考真題可看出完形填空對動詞短語的考查主要集中在三方面：(1)同一動詞不同介詞；(2)不同動詞同一介詞；(3)不同動詞不同介詞。a同一動詞不同介詞。如：get短語：get up，get off，get to，get inturn短語：turn on，turn off，turn up，turn downb不同動詞同一介詞。如：cut down，look down，turn down，put downput up，get up，look up，wake u

26、pc不同動詞不同介詞。如：put on，take off，look for，cut down第三節(jié)情態(tài)動詞,懷化五年中考命題規(guī)律及趨勢考查點年份題號考查角度選項設置分值情態(tài)動詞基本用法202028情態(tài)動詞must表推測may/must/can1分202027情態(tài)動詞can't表推測might be/may be/can't be1分懷化中考對情態(tài)動詞的考查不多，僅在2020年和2020年單項選擇考查了情態(tài)動詞must，can't表推測，且對情態(tài)動詞的基本用法沒涉及。預計2020年懷化中考單項選擇可能會出現一道考查情態(tài)動詞表推測的題。,懷化中考重難點突破【考點搶測】()1

27、.there's only one day to go.you _ finish your schoolwork by tomorrow.acanbwillcmust()2.(2020婁底中考模擬)excuse me，sir.you _ open the door before the train stops.amustn't bneedn'tcmay not()3.honey，stay home before i return.i _，mom.amust bcancwill()4.it _ be my book.my book has a signature of m

28、ine.aneedn't bmustn'tccan't()5.that t­shirt _ be expensive because it's designed by a famous designer.acan't bmustn'tcmust【滿分點撥】情態(tài)動詞有一定的詞義，本身并不表示動作或狀態(tài)，而僅僅表達說話人的態(tài)度。它在句中須和實意動詞一起構成謂語。常見情態(tài)動詞的用法情態(tài)動詞用法例句can表示能力，意為“能、會”。sam can speak english well.sam英語講得很好。表示推測，意為“可能”，常用于否定句和疑問

29、句。she can't be at home now because i saw her out.她現在不可能在家，因為我看見她出去了。表示請求、允許，意為“可以”。can i borrow your bike？我能借你的自行車嗎？couldcan的過去式，意為“能、會”，表示過去的能力。lang lang could play the piano well when he was young.郎朗很小的時候鋼琴就彈得非常好。在疑問句中表示委婉的請求could i have one cup of tea？我可以要一杯茶嗎？must表示主觀看法，意為“必須、應該”。you must fi

30、nish your homework first！你首先必須完成你的家庭作業(yè)！表示有把握的推測，用于肯定句，表示“一定”。the coat must be mary's because her name was on it.這個大衣肯定是瑪麗的，大衣上面有她的名字。should/ought to意為“應該”，表示要求和命令，也可以表示勸告或建議。we should protect the air fresh.我們應該保持空氣清新。you ought to teach them carefully.你應該耐心地教導他們。may表示請求、許可，意為“可以”。you may sit here

31、 if you want.如果你想的話，你可以坐在這兒。表示推測，常用于肯定句中，意為“可能，也許”。she may come back tomorrow，but i am not sure.她可能明天回來，但是我不確定。mightmay的過去式。he asked if he might go home.他問是否他可以回家了。表示請求、許可，語氣比may更委婉。might i smoke here？我可以在這里吸煙嗎？表示推測，常用于肯定句，意為“可能、也許”(可能性比may小)。it might rain tomorrow.明天可能有雨。need表示需要、必須，主要用于否定句和疑問句中。yo

32、u needn't say sorry to him.你不需要對他說對不起。情態(tài)動詞的其他用法一、must和have tohave to表示因外部因素而使得某人“不得不”；must表示主觀上感到“有必要”。此外，must只有一般現在時，表示“過去”通常用had to，表示將來要用will have to。have/has/had to動詞原形，在改否定句或疑問句時要外加助動詞do/does/did。如：she has to stay at home and look after her sick mother.她得待在家里照顧生病的媽媽。does she have to stay at home and look after her sick mother？她得待在家里照顧她生病的媽媽嗎？must i go there with you？我必須和你去那兒嗎？二、can和be able to兩者表“能力”時用法相同，但can只有現在式can和過去式could兩