Water-EnergyNexusinCities城市中的水資源與能源PPT課件

1、Water-Energy Nexus in Cities城城市中的水資源與能源市中的水資源與能源(圖片來源: etiennems/Flickr)Dr.Lijin ZHONG, China Water Lead/Senior Associate, Water Program鐘麗鐘麗錦博士，中國水項(xiàng)目主任錦博士，中國水項(xiàng)目主任/高級研究員高級研究員Sustainable Megacities: Food, Energy, Water and the Build Environment, 20th Oct 2015, Beijing50%Global coal consumed by China18

2、9Days of high pollution in Beijing in 201332%PM 2.5 Emissions from Transport 30%High and extreme high water stress in ChinaCHALLENGES IN CHINESE CITIES: Air pollution, congestion, water shortage, energy consumption, GHG emissions中國城市的挑戰(zhàn)：空氣污染、交通擁堵、水資源短缺、能源消耗、溫室氣體排放WATER CHALLENGES IN CITIES: Too Much

3、, Too Little, Too Dirty城市中的水挑戰(zhàn)：水太多、水太少、水太臟URBANIZATION SPEED UP THE INCREASE IN WATER DEMAND城鎮(zhèn)化加速用水需求的增長(Source: WRI, Draft Not for Distribution)Energy in Urban Water System : Energy Consumption & GHG Emission城市水系統(tǒng)中的能源：能源消耗與溫室氣體排放隨著用水需求和水質(zhì)要求的提高，城市水系統(tǒng) 的能源密集屬性愈發(fā)強(qiáng)烈，隨之而來的溫室氣體排放的增加對氣候變化帶來直接影響With the

4、 increasing demand on water resources and water quality, urban water system b becomes more energy intensive, with higher GHG emission contributing directly to the climate changeQingdao Case: WEN in water supply青青島島： ：供水中的水資源-能源問題Xiangyang Case: Sludge to energy襄襄陽：陽：污泥能源化Chengdu: WEN in wastewater成都

5、：成都：污水處理設(shè)施的能效WRI SUSTAINABLE AND LIVABLE CITIES PROJECT: WEN IN CITIESWRI可持續(xù)宜居城市項(xiàng)目：城市中的水資源-能源研究20,000120,000 140,000 160,000 180,000220,000 240,000100,000200,00001.51.00.50.040,0004.02.53.53.02.060,00080,000260,000DesalinationBlackishS to NReclaimed GroundY to QDSurfaceWater Supply Potential (10 tho

6、usand m3 per year)Energy Consumption（kWh/m3）The energy consumption of per unit water production is 10 and 2.7 times for desalination and long distance transfer in Qingdao.青島海水淡化和遠(yuǎn)距離調(diào)水的制水能耗分別是傳統(tǒng)地表水的10倍和2.7倍Qingdao Case: Increased energy intensity with the use of non traditional water resources 青島案例：非

7、傳統(tǒng)水資源開發(fā)需要更多的能耗(Sources: WRI, 2014)WEN IN URBAN WATER: Increased energy intensity with higher water discharge standards污水處理：隨之水質(zhì)要求提高，能耗強(qiáng)度增加With the higher requirements on water quality and reclaimed water reuse, the energy consumption of urban wastewater system increased 80% compared with 2007. The e

8、nergy intensity of per unit wastewater treated increased 11%.Energy Consumption of Municipal Wastewater Treatment4.25.56.88.51010.811.60.2350.2460.250.2530.2590.2560.2610.220.2250.230.2350.240.2450.250.2550.260.2650246810122007200820092010201120122013Total energy consumptionEnergy consumption/m3 wat

9、er treatedElectricity consumptionbillion kwh/yrEnergy consumption per unit ww treatmentkwh/m3(Draft, Not for Distribution; Source: WRI estimate)2.52.01.51.00.50.00.5A/A/OCASS氧化溝公斤COD削減電耗噸水處理電耗噸水COD 削減量噸水脫水污泥產(chǎn)生量公斤/立方米千瓦時/立方米（公斤）2.21.71.20.70.20.30.8普通生物濾池曝氣生物濾池氧化溝SBR傳統(tǒng)活性污泥法A/A/OA/O生物膜法公斤COD削減電耗噸水處理電耗

10、噸水COD 削減量噸水脫水污泥產(chǎn)生量公斤/立方米千瓦時/立方米（公斤） Over half WWTPs are below the average energy efficiency per unit wastewater treatment. Estimate suggests that over 6 billion kilowatt-hours can be potentially saved compared to the most energy efficient plant. 超過一半的污水處理廠能效低于平均水平，假設(shè)所有廠可以達(dá)到能效最優(yōu)廠的水平，可以節(jié)約60億千萬時全全國國成成都

11、都Chengdu Case: Potential Energy Efficiency Improvement 成都案例：污水處理設(shè)施有提高能效的潛力Selection of disposal methods decides if sludge exists as waste or resource.污泥處理方式的選擇可以將污泥從廢物轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橘Y源Waste or Resource?IncinerationCompostingLandfillAnaerobic Digestion$CNGElectricityBiocharPlanting treesXiangyang Case: Changing

12、Sludge from Waste to Resources襄陽案例：污泥資源化、能源化WEN IN URBAN WATER: Some issues城市水系統(tǒng)的水資源-能源問題：一些思考Lacking consideration of energy as a factor in water resource selection and wastewater treatment 水源選擇或污水處理決策中沒有考慮能源問題Insufficiency in R&D and infrastructure investment (e.g. pipes construction) 基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施以及研發(fā)投入不足Ignorance of the impacts of urban water system on climate change 忽略了城市水系統(tǒng)對氣候變化的影響Lacking statistics on the energy consumption of water supply and wastewater treatment 缺乏相關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計Considering water, energy and climate change as separate issues 水資源、能源、氣候變化問題被割裂看待SupportersXiaotian Fu