初中句子成分分析及練習(xí)題

1、麗慧外語句子成分分析組成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。它包括：主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語、表語和賓語補(bǔ)足語等。各成分在句中的作用如何?分別由哪些詞及短語充當(dāng)?1.主語：是句子要說明的人或事物， 是句子的主體， 一般由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式或動(dòng)名詞等充當(dāng)。如：The car is running fast.( 名詞 )We are students.(代詞 )One of my classmates is from Shanghai.( 數(shù)詞 )It's bad manners to spit in public.( 不定式 )Eating too much is bad for yo

2、ur health.( 動(dòng)名詞 )若不定式短語作主語常用 it 作形式主語，而把真正的主語 (不定式短語 )放在句后。2.謂語：說明主語的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，也是句子的主體部分，一般由動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)。動(dòng)詞分為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、連系動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞。實(shí)義動(dòng)詞單獨(dú)作謂語， 連系動(dòng)詞與表語一起構(gòu)成謂語， 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與省略 to 的不定式構(gòu)成合成謂語，助動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞原形共同構(gòu)成謂語部分。如：He works in a factory.( 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 )I felt cold.( 系動(dòng)詞 +表語 )How can I get to the station?( 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 +實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 )Do you speak English?

3、( 助動(dòng)詞 +實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 )They are working in a field.( 助動(dòng)詞 +實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 )【注意】謂語與主語在人稱與數(shù)方面要相互照應(yīng)。3.賓語：是及物動(dòng)詞所涉及的對(duì)象，一般由名詞、代詞、不定式及動(dòng)名詞等充當(dāng)。如：He is doing his homework.( 名詞 )They did nothing this morning.( 代詞 )She wants to go home.(不定式 )We enjoy playing football.( 動(dòng)名詞 )【注意 】有的動(dòng)詞可接雙賓語，間接賓語指人， 直接賓語指物。這類動(dòng)詞常見的有：give，buy，lend，pass，

4、 tell ，leave 等。如：He bought me a book.Pass me the ball， will you?( 間賓 +直賓 )直接賓語一般放在間接賓語之后，但若把直接賓語放在前面，則要在間接賓語前加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~如to 或 for 等。如：Han Chen lent some money to Li Hai.( 直賓 +間賓 )Xiao Liu bought a dictionary for Tom.(直賓 +間賓 )有的動(dòng)詞常用不定式作賓語，而不能用動(dòng)名詞。 這類動(dòng)詞有：want， wish， hope，promise， decide，agree， choose， care

5、 等。如：I hope to see you again.有的動(dòng)詞一般只用動(dòng)名詞作賓語，而不用不定式。 這類動(dòng)詞有：enjoy ，finish ，mind，practise，miss， suggest，keep(on)等。如：Do you mind my opening the window? 有的動(dòng)詞后接不定式與動(dòng)名詞含義不同。forget to do 表示“未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作” ， forget doing 表示“已完成的動(dòng)作”。如：Don't forget to come here earlier tomorrow.( 還沒來 )I forgot returning the book

6、to him.( 書已還給他了)4.定語：用于修飾名詞或代詞，一般由形容詞、名詞、數(shù)詞、不定式等充當(dāng)。如：What a beautiful kite it is!( 形容詞 )She is a chemistry teacher.(名詞 )There are two students in the classroom.( 數(shù)詞 )We have something to do tomorrow.( 不定式 )The man in blue is my brother.( 介詞短語 )【注意】定語一般位于被修飾詞之前，但若修飾不定代詞或不定式等短語作定語，則放在后面。5.狀語：用于修飾動(dòng)詞、形容

7、詞、副詞或全句，一般由副詞、介詞短語、不定式短語或從句充當(dāng)。單個(gè)副詞作狀語一般放在被修飾詞之前，短語或從句放在句首或句末。如：Thank you very much.( 副詞 )I get up at five in the morning.( 介詞短語 )He is studying hard so as to catch up with others.( 不定式短語 )We were having breakfast when the telephone rang.( 從句 )【注意】 enough 作狀語只能放在被修飾詞之后。如：He is old enough to go to sch

8、ool.6.表語：用于說明主語的身份、特征或感受，一般由名詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、分詞等充當(dāng)。常用的連系動(dòng)詞有：be，look，get，sound(聽起來 )， feel， become， smell， turn ， taste(嘗起來 )等。如：They are workers.( 名詞 )Two and three is five.( 數(shù)詞 )The story is very interesting.( 形容詞 )M y job( 工作 )is teaching English.( 動(dòng)名詞 )She is at home.(介詞短語 )I feel terrible.( 形容詞 )The di

9、sh tastes delicious.( 形容詞 )7.賓語補(bǔ)足語：用于補(bǔ)充說明賓語的動(dòng)作，一般位于賓語之后，賓語與賓語補(bǔ)足語一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。需接復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞有： tell， let， help， teach， ask， see， have， order ，make 等?！百e補(bǔ)”一般由不定式短語、分詞、名詞、形容詞等充當(dāng)。如：We elected him monitor.( 名詞 )I found it difficult to learn English well.(形容詞 )The doctor told me to do more exercise.( 不定式短語 )He is g

10、oing to have his hair cut.( 過去分詞 )They saw a bird flying in the sky.( 現(xiàn)在分詞 )8 同位語：同位語是在名詞或代詞之后并列名詞或代詞對(duì)前者加以說明的成分，近乎于后置定語。如：We students should study hard. / (students 是 we 的同位語，都是指同一批學(xué)生 ）We all are students. / (all 是 we 的同位語，都指同樣的 我們）9 分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)：分詞作狀語時(shí)其邏輯主語與句子的主語一致 ! 否則應(yīng)有自己的邏輯主語，構(gòu)成分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。例：Studying hard,

11、 you score will go up.答案：11.Wealwaysworkhardat English 。主語狀語謂語狀語狀語12. Hesaidhedidn't come.主句主語主句謂語從句主語從句謂語13.Theyloveeach other.主謂語賓語14. Whatdidyoubye?賓助動(dòng)詞主謂15. Shewatchedher daughterplaying the piano.主謂賓賓語補(bǔ)足語16. Your job todayisto help the old. - 主定語系動(dòng)詞表語17. Speaking doesn't mean doing. 主謂賓

12、1They(主語） are working （系表結(jié)構(gòu)做謂語） on the farm （地點(diǎn)狀語） now（時(shí)間狀語） .2.Seeing（動(dòng)詞 ing 做主語） is（謂語）believing（賓語）3.All of us （主語）like （謂語） Kobe Bryant （賓語） very much（程度副詞狀語）4.She（主語） became（謂語） a doctor （賓語） in 1998 （時(shí)間狀語）5.The book（主語） lying on the floor （補(bǔ)語） are（謂語） mine （賓語）6.Suddenly （狀語） it （形式主語）began to

13、 rain （謂語）7.To catch the train ,（目的狀語） I（主語） got up （謂語） earlyyesterday （時(shí)間狀語）8.I（主語） always find （謂語） her （賓語） happy （狀語）9.He （主語） wonders （謂語） if I（條件句中的主語） still study（條件句中的謂語） English （條件句中的賓語）整個(gè)條件句做主干的賓語10.The letter（主語） which I received the day before yesterday （定語從句） was（謂語） a friend of mine

14、（賓語）18. Bye the time I got to the station,the trainhad left.時(shí)間狀語從句主句主語主句謂語19. The children boughttheir parentsa carfor the 25th anniversary of their marriage. 主語謂語間接賓語直接賓語狀語20. Ittakesme an hourto get there.形式主語謂語賓語真正主語(三)DDBABDCDAD(四)D B D C B(五)CCABBD(六)CCCCDB(七)DADDADCD(八 ) us, 間接賓語a story, 直接賓語

15、me, 間接賓語a new bike, 直接賓語 us, 間接賓語history, 直接賓語 Tom, 間接賓語it, 直接賓語 me, 間接賓語message, 直接賓語劃分句子成分練習(xí)題（1）1. They are working on the farm now.2. Seeing is believing.3. All of us like Kobe Bryant very much4. She became a doctor in 19985. The books lying on the floor are mine6. Suddenly it begins to rain7. To

16、 catch the train , I got up early yesterday8. I always find her happy9. He wonders If I still study English10.The letter which I received the day before yesterday was a friend of mine.11. We always work hard at English.12. He said he didn't come.13.They love each other.14.What did you bye?15.She

17、 watched her daughter playing the piano.16.your job today is to help the old.17.Speaking doesn't mean doing.18.Bye the time I got to the station,the train had left.19.The children bought their parents a car for the 25th anniversary of their marriage.20.It takes me an hour to get there.挑出下列句中的賓語

18、My brother hasn't done his homework.ABCD People all over the world speak English.ABCD You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.ABCD How many new words did you learn last class?ABCD Some of the students in the school want to goswimming, how about you?ABCD The old man sitting at the gate

19、said he was ill.ABCD They made him monitor of the class.ABCD Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.ABCD You will find it useful after you leave school.ABCD They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.ABCD挑出下列句中的表語 The old man was feeling very tired.ABCD Wh

20、y is he worried about Jim?ABCD The leaves have turned yellow.ABCD Soon They all became interested in the subject.ABCD She was the first to learn about it.ABCD挑出下列句中的定語 They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name.ABCD What is your given name?ABCD On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.ABCD I am afraid s

21、ome people forgot to sweep the floor.ABCD The man downstairs was trying to sleep.ABCD I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!ABCD挑出下列句中的賓語補(bǔ)足語 She likes the children to read newspapers and books inthe reading-room.ABCD He asked her to take the boy out of school.ABCD She found it difficult to do the work.ABCD They call me Lily sometimes.ABCD I saw Mr. Wang