初中定語(yǔ)從句知識(shí)點(diǎn)詳解

1、。初中定語(yǔ)從句知識(shí)點(diǎn)詳解定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)： 關(guān)系代詞的用法 關(guān)系副詞的用法 關(guān)系副詞 =介詞 +關(guān)系代詞的用法定語(yǔ)從句：在主從復(fù)合句中用作定語(yǔ)的從句叫做定語(yǔ)從句。Eg： He who knows nothing but pretends to know everything is indeed agood-for-nothing.不懂裝懂，一事無(wú)成。It is the firststep that costs.千里之行，始于足下。He that makes himself a sheep shall be eaten by the wolf.甘當(dāng)小綿羊，遲早要喂狼。先行詞 ：被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的成分。

2、先行詞可以為一個(gè)詞 、短語(yǔ) 甚至整個(gè)句子 。關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，連接主句和從句，相當(dāng)于連詞 的作用；關(guān)系詞必在從句中充當(dāng)某個(gè)句子成分，可為主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)。一、各個(gè)關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的區(qū)別及具體用法：( 一 ) 、 1. who指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。例如：The personwho broke the windowmust pay for it.打碎玻璃的人必須賠償。The boywho is wearing the black jacketis very clever.穿黑夾克的那個(gè)小男孩很聰明。2. whom指

3、人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)， 可以省略， 若前面有介詞， 則不可省略， 也不能用 that ，例如：Do you know the young man (whom/who) we met at the gate？你認(rèn)識(shí)我們?cè)陂T口碰見(jiàn)的那個(gè)人嗎？Mr Lee (whom/who) you want to see has come.你想要見(jiàn)面的李先生到了。The man to whom our teacher is speaking is from Canada.。1。=The man who our teacher is speaking to is from Canada.我們老師正在談話的那個(gè)男

4、人來(lái)自加拿大。3. whose指人，也可指物（擬人化的物），意思是“誰(shuí)的 ”，在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)。例如：The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.(Thegirls mother isill.)那個(gè)女生的母親生病了，她今天仍然呆在家。I know the boy whose father is a professor.(The boys father is a professor.)我認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)男孩，他的父親是一名教授。I live in a house whose windows face the south.(Thehouse

5、 s windows face thesouth.)我居住在一個(gè)窗戶朝南的房子里面。4. which 指物，在定語(yǔ)從中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略。例如：A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.字典就是一本可以給出單詞釋義的書。Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.這就是昨天老師提到的那本書。5. that 多指物，有時(shí)也指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略。例如：I ve read the newspaper that(which)

6、 carries the important news.我讀了那份刊載著重要消息的報(bào)紙。Who is the boy that/whom I saw this morning?我早上見(jiàn)到的那個(gè)男孩是誰(shuí)？6. when 指時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)。例如：I ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我們一起在農(nóng)場(chǎng)工作的時(shí)候。He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.他在我離開(kāi)北京的那天到的北京。7. where 指地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)。例如：This is the ho

7、usewhere we lived last year.這就是我們?nèi)ツ昃幼〉哪莻€(gè)房子。2。=Thisis the house which we livedin lastyear.=This isthe house inwhich we livedlast year.The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.他父親工作的那個(gè)工廠在這個(gè)城市的東邊。=The factory which his father works in is in the east of the city.=The factory in whic

8、h his father works is in the east of the city.8. why 指原因，在定語(yǔ)從句中做原因狀語(yǔ)：I don tknowthe reason whyhe looks sad today.我不知道他今天看起來(lái)難過(guò)的原因。Could you please explainthe reason whyyou were late?你可以解釋下遲到的原因嗎？（二）關(guān)系代詞和冠詞副詞引導(dǎo)的從句有什么區(qū)別？關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)： 1、關(guān)系副詞在從句中是做狀語(yǔ)，只做狀語(yǔ)，不能做其他的成分。2、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句可以由“介詞 +關(guān)系代詞 ”引導(dǎo)的從句替換。why=for whichwhe

9、re=in/on/at /to··which( 介詞同先行詞搭配）when=during/on/in/over·which （介詞從同先行詞搭配）注意：介詞后面的關(guān)系代詞不能省略介詞后面不能用that 。eg： The reason why he refused the invitation is clear.他拒絕邀請(qǐng)的理由顯而易見(jiàn)。=The reason for which he refused the invitation is clear.Great changes have taken place in the city where I was born

10、.我出生的地方發(fā)生了巨大的變化。=Great changes have taken place in the city in which I was born.The time when we got together finally came.我們團(tuán)聚的時(shí)刻最終到來(lái)了。=The time in/during which we got together finally came. 注 表示時(shí)間 “time" 一詞的定語(yǔ)從句只用when 引導(dǎo)，有時(shí)不用任何關(guān)系代詞，當(dāng)然也不用that引導(dǎo)。Eg: By the time you arrived in London, we had sta

11、yed there for two weeks.。3。到你來(lái)倫敦的時(shí)候，我們已經(jīng)在那里待了兩天了。I liked the sea city the first time I went there.我第一次來(lái)到那個(gè)海濱城市就愛(ài)上了它。例題一：1、 He has forgotten the day _ he arrived.A. when B. where C. that D. which解題思路：此題中，從句是he arrived，它已經(jīng)是一個(gè)完整的句子，因此，這里要填一個(gè)在從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)的成分，C 選項(xiàng)和 D 選項(xiàng)都不能做在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，因此排除掉， the day指的是時(shí)間，因此，要填上表示

12、時(shí)間的關(guān)系副詞when。練習(xí)題 1：1、 The moon is a world _ there is no life.A. thatB. whichC. whereD. why2、 Nobody knows the reason _ she didnt come to the meeting.A. thatB. whichC. whyD. when3.This is the place _I have ever visited.A. thereB. whenC. whereD. which4.He still remembers the days _ he spent with your f

13、amily.A. whenB. whereC. thatD. on which5.He got to the village _ his family once lived before liberation.A. thatB. whichC. whenD. where6.This is the house _ I want to buy.A. in which B. thatC. whose D. where7.This is the house _ our beloved Premier Zhou once lived and worked.A. whichB. thatC. whenD.

14、 where8.He didn ttell me the place _ he was born.A. thatB. whichC. whenD. where例題二：用關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞將下列每對(duì)句子連成一個(gè)復(fù)合句The boy is my younger brother. He was here a minute ago.。4。解題思路： 所謂定語(yǔ)從句，就是把兩句話壓縮成一句話，而且，這兩句話肯定輝提到同一個(gè)東西， 因此，首先要找兩句話都提到了的東西，此題中，兩句話都提到了同一個(gè)東西 一個(gè)人（ the boy ,he ）這就是共同點(diǎn)，人我們是用who 或 whom表示，兩句話都是做主語(yǔ)，因此

15、，只能用在從句中作主語(yǔ)的who,不能在從句中做賓語(yǔ)的whom，因此，答案是： The boy who was here a minute ago is my younger brother.練習(xí)題 2：將下列兩個(gè)句子合并成一個(gè)含定于從句的句子。1. The old man is a professor. He teaches chemistry in a college.2. The car was going 90 miles an hour. The car just passed us.3. The woman is here now. You were talking about he

16、r.4. The man waved to us. The man was my uncle.例題三：用關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞將下列每對(duì)句子連成一個(gè)復(fù)合句This is the hall. We listened to the reportin itthe other day.解題思路：還是找兩句話都提到了的那個(gè)共同點(diǎn)，是the hall（ it ） , 在第二句話中in it是做定點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，因此可以用where 代替，因此，答案是： This is the hall where we listened to the report the other day.=This is the hall in

17、 which we listened to the report the other day.練習(xí)題 3：1、 Beijing Hotel is near Tiananmen Square. The foreign visitors live there.2、 I enjoyed reading the book. You gave me a book last week.3、 I prefer the subject. The subject is science.。5。4、 I spoke to the man. The man is a professor.用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞填空

18、1. The house _ we live in is very big.2. The boy _ is wearing the black jacket is very clever.3. This is the present _ he gave me for my birthday.4. The man _ talked to you just now is an engineer.5. He talked about the teachers and schools _ he had visited.7. She wears a gold ring, _ is very uncomm

19、on in our class.8. We visited a factory _ makes toys for children.9. Is this the place _ your father once lived?10. I ll never forget the days _ I joined the League.二、只用that的情況：1. 只能使用 that, 不用 which 的情況：(1) 先行詞是 nothing, anything,everything, all, few, little,some, much, none, the one 等不定代詞時(shí)。例如： All

20、that he said is true.他所說(shuō)的一切都是真的。(2)先行詞被only, no, any, all,little,few,much,the same,the last等詞修飾時(shí)。例如： He isthe onlyforeigner that has been to that place.他是唯一一個(gè)去過(guò)那個(gè)地方的外國(guó)人。(3) 先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾的詞。例如： He was the second(person) that told me the secret.他是第二個(gè)告訴我這個(gè)秘密的人。(4) 先行詞是形容詞最高級(jí)或被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾的詞：This isthe bes

21、tbook (that) I have read this year.這是我今年讀過(guò)的最好的一本書。(5) 先行詞既包括人又包括物時(shí)。例如： He talked about the people and the things he remembered.他聊了他記得的。6。人和事。(6) 當(dāng)先行詞前面有 who,which 等詞時(shí)：Who is the man that is sitting there?坐在那的那個(gè)人是誰(shuí)？Which is the coat that fits me most?最適合我的外套是那件？(7) 被修飾詞為數(shù)詞時(shí)：Yesterday I caught two fis

22、h and put them in a basin of water. Now you can see thetwo that are still alive.昨天我抓了兩條魚放進(jìn)了水池，現(xiàn)在你可以看見(jiàn)它倆還活得好好的。(8) 如果有兩個(gè)從句，其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞已用which, 另一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞宜用that ，以避免語(yǔ)言的單調(diào)或重復(fù)。Edison built a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.愛(ài)迪生建立一個(gè)工廠生產(chǎn)那些從未見(jiàn)過(guò)的東西。(9) 主句是 there be結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾其主句的定語(yǔ)從句宜用that作

23、關(guān)系代詞，如：There is still a seat in the corner that is still free.角落里還有個(gè)座位是空的。(10) 被修飾成分為表語(yǔ)時(shí)，或者關(guān)系代詞本身是定語(yǔ)從句的表語(yǔ)時(shí)，該關(guān)系代詞宜用that 。That s a good book that will help you a lot.這是本能給你巨大幫助的好書。My home village is no longer the place (that) it used to be.我的家鄉(xiāng)再也不是以前的那個(gè)鄉(xiāng)村了。練習(xí)題：1. There is nothing in the world _ can fr

24、ighten him.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.who三、只能用which ，不用 that的情況：(1) 在非限制性定語(yǔ)從中。例如：The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.會(huì)議推遲了，這正是我們所希望的。(2) 定語(yǔ)從句由介詞 +關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)，先行詞是物時(shí)。例如：The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.他正談?wù)摰氖虑榉浅Ｖ匾?。(3) 在一個(gè)句子中有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，其中一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞用了that ，另一個(gè)宜用whi

25、ch.Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library, which was newly opento us.我給你看看我從新開(kāi)放的圖書里借來(lái)的這本小說(shuō)。At the station I bought some magazines that might help me to pass the time on the train and which I could pass on to others when I finished them.在車站我買了一些可以打發(fā)火車上的時(shí)間的雜志，讀完后我還可以把它們傳給其他人看。(4) 當(dāng)

26、關(guān)系代詞后面帶有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)：Here is the Englishgrammar which,as I have toldyou, willhelp improve your English.這是英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法書，正如我告訴你的那樣，它可以幫助你提高英語(yǔ)。(5) 先行詞本身是that ，宜用 which.Whats that which she is looking at?她正在看什么？(6) 先行詞是 those+ 復(fù)數(shù)名詞A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best.商店應(yīng)該儲(chǔ)存大量暢銷商品。四、 who 和 that指代人時(shí)，

27、有些情況宜用who,而不用 that 。（ 1）先行詞為 anyone, anybody, those, all, one, ones, they, he, people, the one等時(shí)，Eg:The person I want to learn from is the one who studied hard and works well.我想要學(xué)習(xí)的那個(gè)人不但學(xué)習(xí)勤奮，工作也很努力。Anyone who/whoever failed to come to the meeting yesterday must give his reason.任何缺席昨天會(huì)議的人都必須給出理由。Thos

28、e who are not fit the work must leave the office at once.那些不適合這份工作的人必須立刻離開(kāi)辦公室。(2)There be結(jié)構(gòu)中，修飾主語(yǔ)的定于從句宜用關(guān)系代詞who指代人，如：There is a gentleman who wants to see you.有位先生想要見(jiàn)你。(3) 先行詞有較長(zhǎng)的短語(yǔ)時(shí)：。8。Imet a foreignerat the park yesterdayafternoonwho couldspeak Chinese very well.昨天下午在公園里面我遇見(jiàn)了一個(gè)中文說(shuō)得很好的外國(guó)人。(4) 一個(gè)句子中

29、帶有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，一個(gè)用that, 另外一個(gè)宜用 who：The student that was praised at the yesterdays meeting is our monitor who is verymodest and works very hard.昨天在大會(huì)上被表?yè)P(yáng)的學(xué)生是我們的班長(zhǎng)，他既謙虛學(xué)習(xí)又勤奮。He is one of the most famous singers who weve ever known.(定語(yǔ)從句修飾singers ）他是我們知道的最受歡迎的歌手之一。He is the one of the most famous singers who

30、 weve ever known.(定語(yǔ)從句修飾he）他是最受歡迎的歌手當(dāng)中我們熟知的一位。練習(xí)題：1. He lived in a small village, _ was a long way from the railway station.A. thatB. whichC. whereD. when專項(xiàng)練習(xí)一、填空題：用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空：1. I still remember the night _ I first came to the house.2. I'll never forget the day_ we met each other last week.3. Mr

31、Black is going to Beijing in October, _ is the best season there.4. I will never forget the days _ I spent with your family.5. I'll never forget the last day_ we spent together.6. This is the school _ I used to study.7. Do you still remember the place_ we visited last week?8. Do you still rememb

32、er the place_ we visited the painting exhibition?9. Have you ever been to Hangzhou,_is famous for the West Lake?10. Have you ever bee to Hangzhou, _ lies the West Lake?11. Tom will go to Shanghai,_ live his two brothers.12. I live in Beijing,_ is the capital of China.13. There was a time _ there wer

33、e slaves in the USA.14. It is the third time _ you have made the same mistake.。9。15. This is the very novel about_we've talked so much.16. Who is the student _was late for school today?17. Who _ knows him wants to make friends with him?18. He lives in the room_window faces to the south.19. This

34、is the hour_ the place is always full of women and children.20. I hope you willfindthisvalleya beautifulplace_you may spend yourweekend.二、單選題1.Don ttalk about such things of _ you are not sure.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. those2.Is this the factory _ you visited the other day?A. thatB. whereC. in whichD

35、. the one3.Is this factory _ some foreign friends visited last Friday?A. thatB. whereC. whichD. the one4.Is this the factory _ he worked ten years ago?A. thatB. whereC. whichD. the one5.The wolves hid themselves in the places _ couldntbe found.A. thatB. whereC. in whichD. in that6.The freezing point

36、 is the temperature _ water changes into ice.A. at whichB. on thatC. in whichD. of what7.This book will show you _ can be used in other contexts.A. how you have observedB. what you have observedC. that you have observedD. how that you have observed8.The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machin

37、e.A. becauseB. whyC. thatD. whether9.I ll tell you _ he told me last week.A. all whichB. thatC. all that D. which10. That tree, _branches are almost bare, is very old.A. whoseB. of whichC. in whichD. on which。10。11. I have bought the same dress _ she is wearing.A. asB. thatC. whichD. what12. He fail

38、ed in the examination, _ made his father very angry.A. whichB. itC. thatD. what13. Were talking about the piano and the pianist _ were in the concertweattended last night.A. whichB. whomC. whoD. that14. The girl _ an English song in the next room is Toms sister.A. who is singingB. is singingC. sangD

39、. was singing15. Those _ not only from books but also through practice will succeed.A. learnB. whoC. that learnsD. who learn16. Anyone _ this opinion may speak out.A. that againstB. who againstC. who is againstD. who are against17. Didntyou see the man _?A. I nodded just nowB. whom I nodded just now

40、C. I nodded to him just nowD. I nodded to just now18. Can you lend me the novel _ the other day?A. that you talkedB. you talked about itC. which you talked withD. you talked about19. Is there anything _ to you?A. that is belongedB. that belongsC. that belongD. which belongs20. -“How do you like the book?”-“It s quite different from _ I read last month.”A. thatB. whichC. the oneD. the one what21. Mr. Zhang gave the textbook to all the pupils except _ who had already taken them.A. the onesB. onesC. someD.