翻譯復(fù)習(xí)(學(xué)生版)

1、  大學(xué)英語5級讀寫（提高班）翻譯復(fù)習(xí)作業(yè)英譯漢：1. The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.看到我們的噴氣式飛機(jī)，聽見隆隆的機(jī)聲，令我特別神往。2.He was eloquent and elegantbut soft.他有口才、有風(fēng)度，但性格軟弱。3.His whole family were religious.他全家都是虔誠的教徒。4.When he catches a glimpse of a potential antagonist, his instinct is to

2、win him over with charm and humor.只要一發(fā)現(xiàn)有可能反對他的人，他就本能地要用他的魅力和風(fēng)趣將這人爭取過來。5.The decision has to come. 決定還沒做出6.Characteristically, Mr. Harold concealed his feelings and watched and learned. 海羅德與眾不同，他隱藏著自己的感情，邊看邊學(xué)。7.The frequency, wave length, and speed of sound are closely related.頻率、波長和聲速三者是密切相關(guān)的。8.Of v

3、isible light, red light has the longest and violet the shortest wavelength. 在各種可見光中，紅光的波長最長，紫光的波長最短。 9.He tried vainly to talk us into agreement with the unrealistic proposal. 他試圖勸說我們同意接受這項(xiàng)不切實(shí)際的建議，但還是白費(fèi)了力氣。（副詞的分譯） 10.They, not unexpectedly, did not respond. 他們根本沒有答復(fù)，這是不足為奇的。（分譯副詞）11.For all its grea

4、t size, the machine moves noiselessly. 盡管這臺機(jī)器體積很大,運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)起來卻沒有噪聲。12.Hemingway is an outstanding contemporary American writer.海明威是美國當(dāng)代的優(yōu)秀作家。 13. They have read little, but they have much experience. 讀萬卷書,不如行萬里路。14. Down runs the river through the gorges. 1條 河通過峽谷。15.I wrote four books in the first three y

5、ears, a record never touched before. 我頭三年寫了四本書,一個沒有觸及到的紀(jì)錄。16.Steel and iron products are often coated less they should rust.鋼鐵制品常常涂上油漆以免生銹。17.In every Chinese city, we got into the streets, shop, parks, theatres and restaurants.在中國, 我們每到一個城市, 就逛大街, 逛蕩商店, 逛公園, 上劇場, 下飯館.18.A glace through his office w

6、indow offers a panoramic view of the Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial.從他的辦公室窗口可以一眼看到華盛頓紀(jì)念碑和林肯紀(jì)念館的全景。19.Hes our regular supplier of beverage.他定期向我們提供飲料。20.Day after day he came to his worksweeping, scrubbing, cleaning. 他每天來干活-掃地，擦地板，收拾房間。21.Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathem

7、atics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. 讀史使人明智，讀詩使人靈秀，數(shù)學(xué)使人周密，科學(xué)使人深刻，倫理使人莊重，邏輯修辭之學(xué)使人善辯。漢譯英：1山東曲阜是中國古代著名思想家，教育家孔子的故鄉(xiāng)。Qufu, Shandong province, is the birthplace of Confucius, a well-renowned ancient Chinese thinker and teacher.2外高橋保稅區(qū)Waigaoqiao Bonded Are

8、a位于浦東新區(qū)東北端，瀕臨長江口，距市中心20公里。Bordering on the estuary of the Changjiang River, , the zone is located in the northeast end of the Pudong New Area of Shanghai, 20 kilometers from the downtown district of the city proper. 3看到這慘狀，大家立即陷入了恐慌，有人甚至有了打退堂鼓的心思。The sight of the miserable scene terrified the people

9、, some of whom even harbored the intention of making a retreat. The sight of the miserable scene threw people into such a panic that some of them even had the idea of making a retreat. 4 她伸出雙手，掌心向上。She put out her hands, palms up.5.數(shù)以千計(jì)的船民被淹死，其中許多是小孩。Thousands of boat people were drowned, many of th

10、em children6.那一座書架上的書都是有關(guān)生態(tài)學(xué)的。7.The books on that shelf are all on ecology.8.大街上奔跑著各種品牌的汽車。9. Cars of different brands run along the street.（1） 原序?qū)ψg例1：原文：當(dāng)他活著一天，總要盡量多工作、多學(xué)習(xí)，不肯虛度年華，不讓時間白白地浪費(fèi)掉。（2005年真題）譯文：As long as they are living, they always work and study as hard as possible, unwilling to dream th

11、eir life away, let alone waste even a single moment of their lives.（2） 例2：原文：一旦隔離，拘禁在花園山坡上一幢小房子里，頓感被打入冷宮，十分郁郁不得志起來。（2003年真題）譯文：Once I was deposed into a cold palace on the hillside of the garden, I suddenly felt I was neglected and became very depressed.（3） 例3：原文：我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗簾，窺見園中大千世界，一片喧鬧。（2003年

12、真題）譯文：Without being noticed, I lifted the curtain in my small room, only to spy the bustle of a kaleidoscopic world down in the garden.（4） 例4：原文：其中有一半是近5年才來到溫哥華地區(qū)的，這使溫哥華成為亞洲以外最大的中國人聚居地。（1999年真題）譯文：Half of them have come to Vancouver area the past five years only, making it the largest Chinese settle

13、ment outside Asia.分析：原文中“這使聚居地”是華人移民的結(jié)果，故而譯為現(xiàn)在分詞短語。（5） 例5：原文：我的導(dǎo)師是個亞裔人，嗜煙好酒，脾氣暴躁（1997年真題）譯文：My superior, an Asian American with a hot temper, was addicted to smoking and drinking.分析：原文的信息重心為“嗜煙暴躁”，確定為主干，從而將“是個亞裔人”譯為同位語。（6） 例6：原文：中國民族自古以來從不把人看作高于一切，在哲學(xué)文藝方面的表現(xiàn)都反映出人在自然界中與萬物占著一個比例較為恰當(dāng)?shù)牡匚?，而非絕對統(tǒng)治萬物的主宰。（20

14、06年真題）譯文：Chinese people has never regarded human being as the highest creature among everything else since ancient times, whose behavior in both philosophy and arts takes a rather appropriate proportion with all others in the natural world, but not as an absolute dominant ruler.分析：這句話結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜，第一句為主句，后

15、面的小句是對第一句話的補(bǔ)充說明，省略了主語“中國民族”，可以用whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句來處理，簡化句子結(jié)構(gòu)。（2） 分句合譯例1：原文：釣魚是一項(xiàng)能夠陶冶性情的運(yùn)動，有益于身心健康。（2001年真題）譯文1：Fishing is an outdoor sport that can help cultivate your mind and it is good for mental and physical health.譯文2：Fishing is an edifying activity, conductive to both the body and the mind.例2：原文：一個人的

16、生命究竟有多大意義，這有什么標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可以衡量嗎？（2005年真題）譯文：Could there be any standards to evaluate the meaning of ones life?分析：“衡量”的賓語是前一個分句，即“生命的意義”，因此兩個分句整合譯為一句。例3：原文：求學(xué)是一件艱苦的事情，許多人不能忍受那必經(jīng)的艱苦，所以不能成功。譯文：To learn, actually, is to experience the indispensable pain and those who cannot get it over with can not become learned

17、. 分析：原文中“求學(xué)事情”與“許多人成功”在語義和邏輯上較為緊湊，可將該句譯為一個并列句。（3） 斷句分譯例1：原文：一個春天的傍晚，園中百花怒放，父母在園中設(shè)宴，霎時賓客云集，笑語四溢。（2003年真題）譯文：One spring evening, my parents held a banquet in the garden where all sorts of flowers were in full bloom. Instantly, a crowd of guests gathered together and their laughter was heard all over t

18、here.例2：原文：這次到臺灣訪問交流，雖然行程匆匆，但是，看了不少地方，訪了舊友，交了新知，大家走到一起，談?wù)摰囊粋€重要話題就是中華民族在21世紀(jì)的強(qiáng)盛。（1998年真題）譯文：The current visit to Taiwan for exchange,brief and cursory as it is,has enabled us to see many places,to visit old friends while making new acquaintances.An important topic for discussing at our gatherings was

19、 the prosperity of Chinese nation in the 21st century.（4） 主、次信息句例1：原文：在世紀(jì)之交的偉大時代，我們的祖國正在走向繁榮富強(qiáng)，海峽兩岸人民也將加強(qiáng)交流，共同推進(jìn)祖國統(tǒng)一大業(yè)的早日完成。（1998年真題）譯文1：At the turn of the century, our motherland is becoming more prosperous and powerful. People across the Straits will strengthen their exchanges, and work together t

20、o realize the cause of the reunification of their motherland.譯文2：At the turn of the century, as our motherland is becoming more prosperous and powerful, people across the Straits will strengthen their exchanges, and work together to realize the cause of the reunification of their motherland.譯文3：At t

21、he turn of the century, our motherland becoming more prosperous and powerful, people across the Straits will strengthen their exchanges, and work together to realize the cause of the reunification of their motherland.分析：這個句子有三種處理方式。可以根據(jù)分句的不同主語，斷句分譯，譯為兩個獨(dú)立的句子；也可以根據(jù)信息重心的主次，將次要信息“我們的祖國正在走向繁榮富強(qiáng)”譯為時間狀語從句

22、或者獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。例2：原文：很難說他什么時候回家，我得上床睡覺了。譯文：There being no telling when hell be home, Ill have to go to bed now.例3：原文：這位民族英雄沒有死，他的故事照亮了千百萬人的心。譯文：This national hero lives on, his story lighting up the hearts of millions of people.漢譯英長句翻譯的基本方法 合并法l合并法是把若干個短句合并成一個長句，一般用于漢譯英。漢語強(qiáng)調(diào)意合，結(jié)構(gòu)較松散，因此簡單句較多；英語強(qiáng)調(diào)形合，結(jié)構(gòu)較嚴(yán)密，因此長

23、句較多。所以漢譯英時要根據(jù)需要注意利用連詞、分詞、介詞、不定式、定語從句、獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)等把漢語短句連成長句 Case 1l中國是個大國，百分之八十的人口從事農(nóng)業(yè)，但耕地只占土地面積的十分之一，其余為山脈、森林、城鎮(zhèn)和其他用地。 lChina is a large country with four-fifths of the population engaged in agriculture, but only one tenth of the land is farmland, the rest being mountains, forests and places for urban and

24、other uses.Case 2l農(nóng)民缺乏培訓(xùn)，許多農(nóng)場生產(chǎn)效率低，使得絕大多數(shù)農(nóng)村人口在國內(nèi)處于不利的地位。l譯：Inadequate training for farmers and the low productivity of many farms place the vast majority of country dwellers in a disadvantageous position in their own country.長難句分析;1Despite the gathering of more information about ordinary women durin

25、g the nineteenth century，most of the writing about women conformed to the “great women” theory of history，just as much of mainstream American history concentrated on ” great men”(特殊結(jié)構(gòu)as正如)盡管19世紀(jì)搜集了更多關(guān)于普通婦女的信息，但是關(guān)于婦女的大多數(shù)寫作都遵循史學(xué)中的“偉大女性”理論，正如主流的美國歷史較多關(guān)注“偉大男性”一樣。分句1：Despite the gathering of more informa

26、tion about ordinary women during the nineteenth century分句2：most of the writing about women conformed to the “great women” theory of history分句3：just as much of mainstream American history concentrated on ” great men”1和2、3并列2、3并列2The end of the nineteenth century and the early years of the twentieth c

27、entury were marked by the development of an international Art Nouveau style，characterized by sinuous lines，floral and vegetable motifs，and soft evanescent coloration(特殊結(jié)構(gòu)marked by以為標(biāo)志、characterized by特征是)19世紀(jì)末與20世紀(jì)早期以一種國際新藝術(shù)風(fēng)格的發(fā)展為標(biāo)志，這一藝術(shù)風(fēng)格的特征是：線條彎曲、以花卉和果蔬為主題，顏色柔和飄逸。分句1：The end of the nineteenth cent

28、ury and the early years of the twentieth century were分句2：marked by the development of an international Art Nouveau style分句3：characterized by sinuous lines，floral and vegetable motifs，and soft evanescent coloration2和3并列1和2、3嵌套3Although its influence continued throughout the mid 1920s, it was eventual

29、ly to be overtaken by a new school of thought known as Functionalism that had been present since the turn of the century(特殊結(jié)構(gòu)known as被稱為)盡管其影響在整個20世紀(jì)20年代中期繼續(xù)存在，但最終還是被世紀(jì)之交以來就存在的新的思想流派功能主義所替代。分句1：Although its influence continued throughout the mid 1920s分句2：it was eventually to be overtaken by a new sc

30、hool of thought known as Functionalism分句3：that had been present since the turn of the century1和2并列2和3嵌套4This new design concept，coupled with the sharp postwar reactions to the styles and conventions of the preceding decades，created an entirely new public taste which caused Art Nouveau types of glass

31、 to fall out of favor(特殊結(jié)構(gòu)coupled with加上)這一新的設(shè)計(jì)概念，加上戰(zhàn)后對過去數(shù)十年風(fēng)格與傳統(tǒng)的強(qiáng)烈反應(yīng)，產(chǎn)生了一種全新的公眾品味，使得新藝術(shù)類型的玻璃不再受人歡迎。分句1：This new design concept分句2：coupled with the sharp postwar reactions to the styles and conventions of the preceding decades，created an entirely new public taste分句3：which caused Art Nouveau types o

32、f glass to fall out of favor1和2并列 2和3嵌套5Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal abilitydecades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of “natural leaders”(同位語從句evidence that)盡管領(lǐng)袖常被人認(rèn)為是個人能力非比尋常的人，但是數(shù)十年的研究迄今未能提供一致的證據(jù)表明存在任何“天然領(lǐng)袖”類

33、型。分句1：Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability分句2：decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence分句3：that there is any category of “natural leaders”1和2并列2和3嵌套6Furthermore，although it is commonly supposed that social groups have a single leader，rese

34、arch suggests that there are typically two different leader ship roles that are held by different individuals(復(fù)合句)而且，盡管一般人認(rèn)為社會團(tuán)體只有一位領(lǐng)袖，但是研究表明通常存在由不同個體擔(dān)任的兩個不同的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)角色。分句1：Furthermore，although it is commonly supposed that social groups have a single leader分句2：research suggests分句3：that there are typically

35、 two different leader ship roles that are held by different individuals1和2并列2和3嵌套7Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them(特殊結(jié)構(gòu)lessthan較少較多)善于表達(dá)的領(lǐng)袖較少注重團(tuán)體

36、的整體目標(biāo)，較多注重為團(tuán)體成員提供情感支持，并盡力減少內(nèi)部紛爭和沖突。分句1：Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group分句2：than with providing emotional support to group members分句3：and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them1和2、3并列2和3并列8Equally important is the fact that the execution of mul

37、tiplestep tasks is accomplished in a seriesparallel sequence(倒裝句)同樣重要的是一個事實(shí)：多步任務(wù)是按照系列平行序列完成的。分句1：Equally important is the fact分句2：that the execution of multiplestep tasks is accomplished in a seriesparallel sequence1和2嵌套9Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate，or transitional，betwee

38、n land mammals and cetaceans (倒裝句) 到最近為止，一直缺乏連接陸地哺乳動物和鯨目動物的明顯的中間或過渡化石。分句1：Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate分句2：or transitional分句3：between land mammals and cetaceans1和2并列1、2和3嵌套10For example，people who believe that aggression is necessary and justified-as during wartimeare like

39、ly to act aggressively，whereas people who believe that a particular War or act of aggression is unjust，who think that aggression is never justified，are less likely to behave aggressively(whereas結(jié)構(gòu))例如，那些認(rèn)為在戰(zhàn)爭中侵略是必要的和正當(dāng)?shù)娜烁锌赡鼙憩F(xiàn)出攻擊行為，而那些認(rèn)為具體的侵略戰(zhàn)爭或行為是不公平的或永遠(yuǎn)都不正當(dāng)?shù)娜瞬惶赡鼙憩F(xiàn)出侵略行為。分句1：For example，people who b

40、elieve that aggression is necessary and justified-as during wartimeare likely to act aggressively分句2：whereas people who believe that a particular War or act of aggression is unjust分句3：who think that aggression is never justified分句4：are less likely to behave aggressively1和2、3、4并列2和3并列2、3和4嵌套句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析70I

41、n taking up a new life across the Atlantic，the early European settlers of the United States did not abandon the diversions with which their ancestors had traditionally relieved the tedium of life 定語從句的處理(介詞提前的定語從句：with which，其中which指前面的diversions)在越過大西洋開始新生活后，美國早期的歐洲移民并沒有拋棄他們的祖先傳統(tǒng)上借以解悶的消遣。分句1. In ta

42、king up a new life across the Atlantic，分句2. the early European settlers of the United States did not abandon the diversions 分句3. with which their ancestors had traditionally relieved the tedium of life1和2嵌套2和3嵌套1是2的狀語，3是修飾 diversions的定語從句，relieve with的搭配中介詞with提前。71 Farm dwellers in their isolation

43、not only found it harder to locate companions in play but also thanks to the unending demands and pressures of their work, felt it necessary to combine fun with purpose.用詞度的把握(Farm dwellersnot only found it harder to，but alsofelt it necessary to為句子主干)單獨(dú)居住的農(nóng)場居民不僅發(fā)現(xiàn)在娛樂中很難找到伴侶，而且，由于來自工作的無休止的要求和壓力，他們覺得必

44、須把實(shí)用目的與樂趣結(jié)合起來。分句1. Farm dwellers in their isolation not only found it harder to locate companions in play 分句2. but also felt it necessary to combine fun with purpose.分句3. thanks to the unending demands and pressures of their work, 1和2并列2和3嵌套1和2是not only but also的并列；2是3的原因狀語，2省略主語Farm dwellers72The s

45、cientific investigation of an experience as private as consciousness is frustratingly beyond the usual tools of the experimental psychologist.找準(zhǔn)主語(特殊結(jié)構(gòu)asas像一樣)對像意識這樣個人化的經(jīng)歷的科學(xué)研究令人沮喪，它遠(yuǎn)非實(shí)驗(yàn)心理學(xué)家通常的研究工具所能勝任。分句1. The scientific investigation is frustratingly beyond the usual tools of the experimental psyc

46、hologist.分句2. of an experience as private as consciousness1和2嵌套2的of結(jié)構(gòu)是1主語scientific investigation的定語。73Among the species of seabirds that use the windswept cliffs of the Atlantic coast of Canada in the summer to mate，lay eggs，and rear their young are common murres, Atlantic puffins，black-legged kitt

47、iwakes，and northern gannets Use意思的把握，主句，倒裝(倒裝句：Among the species of seabirdsare=are among the species of seabirds)夏天在加拿大大西洋沿岸迎風(fēng)的懸崖上交配、產(chǎn)卵并撫育后代的海鳥中有普通海鴉、大西洋海鸚、黑腳三趾鷗和北部塘鵝。分句1. Among the species of seabirds are common murres, Atlantic puffins，black-legged kittiwakes，and northern gannets分句2. use the wind

48、swept cliffs of the Atlantic coast of Canada in the summer to mate，lay eggs，and rear their young1和2嵌套1是倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，正常的句子順序是：Common murres, Atlantic puffins，black-legged kittiwakes，and northern gannets are among the species of seabirds. 主賓顛倒，是因?yàn)橘e語seabirds后邊跟著一個定語從句2.74The advantage of nesting on cliffs is t

49、he immunity it gives from foxes, which cannot scale the sheer rocks，and from ravens and other species of gulls, which have difficulty in landing on narrow ledges to steal eggs.(The advantage of nesting on cliffs is the immunity it gives fromand from為句子主干)在懸崖上筑巢的一大優(yōu)勢是可以避開不能攀登峭壁的狐貍和很難在窄峭的突出巖石上立足來偷鳥卵的渡

50、鴉和其他鷗類。分句1. The advantage of nesting on cliffs is the immunity it gives from foxes,分句2. which cannot scale the sheer rocks分句3. and from ravens and other species of gulls, 分句4. which have difficulty in landing on narrow ledges to steal eggs.1和3并列1和2嵌套3和4嵌套1中省略which；3中省略it gives。2是1的定語從句；4是3的定語從句75The

51、ir distrust was caused，in part，by a national ideology that proclaimed farming the greatest occupation and rural living superior to urban living·(that引導(dǎo)的從句作ideology的同位語)他們的這種不信任部分是由一種全民性的思想意識引起的，這種意識宣稱耕作是最偉大的職業(yè)，鄉(xiāng)村生活優(yōu)于城市生活。分句1. Their distrust was caused，in part，by a national ideology 分句2. that pr

52、oclaimed farming the greatest occupation and rural living superior to urban living·1和2嵌套2是1中a national ideology的同位語從句。76A few art collectors Tames Bowdoin III of Boston，William Byrd of Virginia，and the Aliens and Hamiltons of Philadelphia introduced European art traditions to those colonists pr

53、ivileged to visit their galleries，especially aspiring artistsand established in their respective communities the idea of the value of art and the need for institutions devoted to its encouragement(A few art collectorsintroduced European art traditions to those colonistsand establishedthe ideaand the

54、 need為句子主干)幾個藝術(shù)收藏家，波士頓的詹姆士·鮑德溫三世、弗吉尼亞的威廉·白爾德租費(fèi)城的阿里昂夫婦以及漢密爾頓夫婦將歐洲藝術(shù)傳統(tǒng)介紹給那些被特許參觀他們畫廊的殖民者，尤其是有抱負(fù)的藝術(shù)家們，并在他們各自的社區(qū)形成了藝術(shù)有價值和需要設(shè)立機(jī)構(gòu)以鼓勵其發(fā)展的觀念。分析：此長句全為主句，沒有從句。整句只能找主干與修飾部分，不能分主從句主干：art collectors introduced traditions to those colonists and established in the idea of the value of art and the need fo

55、r institutions修飾成分：（1） 幾個人名并列：Tames Bowdoin III of Boston，William Byrd of Virginia，and the Aliens and Hamiltons of Philadelphia（2） 非謂語動詞后綴修飾名詞：privileged to visit their galleries修飾colonists devoted to its encouragement修飾institutions（3） 插入語 ，especially aspiring artists（4） 介詞短語修飾謂語動詞：in their respecti

56、ve communities 修飾 established77The achievements of the colonial artists，particularly those of Copley，West, and Peale，lent credence to the boast that the new nation was capable of encouraging genius and that political liberty was congenial to the development of tastea necessary step before art could

57、assume an important role in the new republic(The achievementslent credence to the boast thatand that為句子主干，兩個that引導(dǎo)的兩個從句都作boast的同位語)這些殖民地藝術(shù)家的成就，尤其是考伯萊、韋斯特和皮爾的成就，為新國家有能力鼓勵天才和政治自由與藝術(shù)品味的發(fā)展相一致的宣言提供了憑證這是藝術(shù)，在新的共和國里擔(dān)當(dāng)重要角色之前所必須經(jīng)歷的一步。解析：主句：The achievements of the colonial artists lent credence to the boast同位語從句1：that the new nation was capable of encouraging genius同位語從句2：that political liberty was congenial to the development of taste 其中“引導(dǎo)的從句：a necessary step before art could assume an important r