初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法-一般時(shí)態(tài)-課件PPT

1、2021/8/261一一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)2021/8/262一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)、經(jīng)常的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作、客觀真理或事實(shí)等。表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)、經(jīng)常的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作、客觀真理或事實(shí)等。與一般與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：often, always, sometimes, usually, every day/ week/year 等等 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成： 肯定句：肯定句：主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)is/am/are其它成分其它成分.He is an office worker.主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)(除第三人稱單數(shù)除第三人稱單數(shù))動(dòng)詞原形其它成分動(dòng)詞原形其它成分.I get u

2、p at six every day . 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)(第三人稱單數(shù)第三人稱單數(shù))動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞s/es 其它成分其它成分. My father usually goes to work by bus.我我(I)用用am, 你你(you)用用are,Is 連著他連著他(he)她她(she)它它(it),遇到復(fù)數(shù)都用遇到復(fù)數(shù)都用are.2021/8/263否定句：否定句：主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)am/is/are not其它成分其它成分.They are not in the library.主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)(除第三人稱單數(shù)除第三人稱單數(shù)) dont動(dòng)詞原形其它成分動(dòng)詞原形其它成分. I dont like swimming.

3、主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)(第三人稱單數(shù)第三人稱單數(shù))doesnt動(dòng)詞原形其它成分動(dòng)詞原形其它成分.The old man doesnt like playing cards . 一般疑問(wèn)句：一般疑問(wèn)句：Am/Is/Are+主語(yǔ)其它成分主語(yǔ)其它成分?Is it a tall tree?Do +主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)(除第三人稱單數(shù)除第三人稱單數(shù)) 動(dòng)詞原形其它成分動(dòng)詞原形其它成分?Do the Greens often go swimming in summer?Does+主語(yǔ)（第三人稱單數(shù)）動(dòng)詞原形其它成分主語(yǔ)（第三人稱單數(shù)）動(dòng)詞原形其它成分?Does the earth go around the sun ? 2021/

4、8/264特殊疑問(wèn)句（一般時(shí)態(tài)）特殊疑問(wèn)句（一般時(shí)態(tài)）：疑問(wèn)詞疑問(wèn)詞is/am/are +主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)(其它成分其它成分)？What time is it now? 疑問(wèn)詞疑問(wèn)詞do +主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞原形主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞原形(其它成分其它成分)？When do you usually go to bed? 疑問(wèn)詞疑問(wèn)詞does+主語(yǔ)（第三人稱單數(shù)）主語(yǔ)（第三人稱單數(shù)）+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形（其它成分）？（其它成分）？Where does Jim do his homework on weekdays ?2021/8/2651、一般動(dòng)詞，在詞尾加一般動(dòng)詞，在詞尾加 s ; 如：如： work-works, live-

5、lives, play-plays, sing- sings. eg: She lives in Ningbo. 她住在寧波。她住在寧波。2、以、以/s/ /z/ 等音素結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，詞尾加等音素結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，詞尾加 -es ，如詞尾為，如詞尾為e， 只只加加-s. 讀作讀作 /iz /如：如： teach- teaches, wash- washes. eg: My mother washes the coat.我母親洗了大衣。我母親洗了大衣。行為動(dòng)詞行為動(dòng)詞do一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)第三人稱單第三人稱單（he,she,it) 的構(gòu)成規(guī)則：的構(gòu)成規(guī)則：2021/8/2663.以輔音字母加以輔音字母

6、加Y 結(jié)尾的詞，改結(jié)尾的詞，改Y為為I 再加再加ES，讀作，讀作ZStudy flystudiesflied 4.以輔音字母以輔音字母+O結(jié)尾的詞，一般情況是在詞尾加結(jié)尾的詞，一般情況是在詞尾加ES 讀讀作作Zgo do goesdoes5.特殊情況：特殊情況： have has 2021/8/267getsgoeslivesdraws2021/8/268Where are they?They are in the classroom.2021/8/269Is he happy?Yes, he is happy.Is he strong?Yes, he is strong.2021/8/261

7、0What is it?It is a cat.Is she busy?Yes, she is busy. 2021/8/2611Am I sad?No, I am happy.Is it very hot?Yes, it is very hot.2021/8/2612He is happy.否定句否定句:一般疑問(wèn)句一般疑問(wèn)句:肯定回答肯定回答:否定回答否定回答:He is not (isnt) happy.Is he happy?Yes, he is.No, he isnt.2021/8/2613I am happy.否定句否定句:一般疑問(wèn)句一般疑問(wèn)句:肯定回答肯定回答:否定回答否定回答:I

8、 am not happy.Are you happy?Yes, I am.No, I am not.疑問(wèn)句要求把疑問(wèn)句要求把BE 提前，第一人稱變成第二人稱。提前，第一人稱變成第二人稱。2021/8/2614They are in the classroom.否定句否定句:一般疑問(wèn)句一般疑問(wèn)句:肯定回答肯定回答: 否定回答否定回答:They are not (arent) in the classroom.Are they in the classroom?Yes, they are.No, they arent.2021/8/2615肯定式否定式疑問(wèn)式肯定否定回答I am a teache

9、r. I am not a teacher.Am I a teacher?Yes, I am.No, I am not.He/she is a teacher.He/she is not a teacher.Is he/she a teacher?Yes, he/she is.No, he/she isntIt is a cat.It is not a cat.Is it a cat?Yes, it is.No, it isnt.We/You/They are teachers.We/You/They are not teachers.Are we/you/they teachers?Yes,

10、 we/you/they are. No, we/you/they arent.動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞be一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成2021/8/2616get up water the flowersI get up at 6:35 in the morning.She waters the flowers.2021/8/2617play footballwatch TVThey play football in the playground.He watches TV in the sitting-room.2021/8/2618否定句否定句:一般疑問(wèn)句一般疑問(wèn)句:肯定回答肯定回答:否定回答否定回

11、答:I get up at 6:35 in the morning.I do not (dont) get up at 6:35 in the morning.Do you get up at 6:35 in the morning?Yes, I do.No, I dont.對(duì)于實(shí)意動(dòng)詞，疑問(wèn)句要求：當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是他對(duì)于實(shí)意動(dòng)詞，疑問(wèn)句要求：當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是他(he)，她，她(she)，它，它(it)時(shí)，句子前面加時(shí)，句子前面加DOES，并把動(dòng)詞恢復(fù)原形；當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是其他人，并把動(dòng)詞恢復(fù)原形；當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是其他人稱時(shí)，句前加稱時(shí)，句前加DO ，第一人，第一人(I/we) 稱換第二人稱稱換第二人稱(you)。2021/

12、8/2619They play football in the playground.否定句否定句: 一般疑問(wèn)句一般疑問(wèn)句: 肯定回答肯定回答:否定回答否定回答:They do not (dont) play football in the playground.No, they dont.Yes, they do.Do they play football in the playground?2021/8/2620Ex1. 將下列各句從肯定式改為否定式將下列各句從肯定式改為否定式I talk to Peter because I like him.Kate comes from Americ

13、a. Kate works with PeterI am Chinese, and I am a student.They know each other.I dont talk to Peter because I dont like him.Kate doesnt come from America.Kate doesnt work with Peter.I am not Chinese, and I am not a studentThey dont know each other.2021/8/26211.Her parents live in Shanghai .否: Her par

14、ents_ in Shanghai.疑： _ her parents_ in Shanghai?.2.You study English .否： You study English .疑： you study English ? 3. How often Tom football?A.is ,play B. do,play C. does, play D.does,plays dont liveDo livedoDo C2021/8/26221. Jim usually _ ( have ) lunch at home.2. Li Guanhua _ ( be ) twenty years o

15、ld.3. How many students _ ( be ) there in your class?4. -_ she _ ( study ) hard? -Yes, she _.5. Lucy and lily _ ( not speak ) Chinese.6. My father _ ( not do ) morning exercises every day.7. She always _ ( wash ) her clothes on Sundays.8. _ your brother _ ( like ) playing football? No, he _.用所給動(dòng)詞一般現(xiàn)

16、在時(shí)態(tài)填空用所給動(dòng)詞一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)填空:2021/8/2623 Tom goes to school every day by bike.1.就就Tom 提問(wèn)提問(wèn) 2.就就goes to school提問(wèn)提問(wèn) 3.就就by bike提問(wèn)提問(wèn) 請(qǐng)做練習(xí)請(qǐng)做練習(xí)。1.Who goes to school every day by bike?2.What does Tom do every day by bike ?3.How does Tom go to school every day? 2021/8/2624二二一般將來(lái)時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)2021/8/2625一般將來(lái)時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí) 表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或

17、存在的狀表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。與它連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：與它連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：tomorrow, next week/month /year, in a few days等。等。 2021/8/2626表示將來(lái)時(shí)的常見(jiàn)形式表示將來(lái)時(shí)的常見(jiàn)形式 1.will+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形 (I /we shall)2.be going to+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形3.be+to do 表示計(jì)劃表示計(jì)劃,責(zé)任責(zé)任,約定或命令約定或命令4. be about to do sth 表示正要做表示正要做,馬上要做馬上要做.(不能與表示將來(lái)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用不能與表示將

18、來(lái)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用)5.be+v-ing6.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)2021/8/2627fly kites tomorrowHe will fly kites tomorrow.2021/8/2628They will play basketball next Wednesday.play basketball next Wednesday2021/8/2629He will fly kites tomorrow.否定句否定句: 一般疑問(wèn)句一般疑問(wèn)句:肯定回答肯定回答: 否定回答否定回答:No, he will not (wont).Yes, he will.Will he fly k

19、ites tomorrow?He will not fly kites tomorrow.2021/8/2630否定句否定句:一般疑問(wèn)句一般疑問(wèn)句: 肯定回答肯定回答:否定回答否定回答:They will play basketball this afternoon.No, they will not (wont).Yes, they will.Will they play basketball next Wednesday? They will not (wont) play basketball next Wednesday.2021/8/2631 1.will與與shallv 1)表示表

20、示一個(gè)將來(lái)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，一個(gè)將來(lái)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，“要要,會(huì)會(huì)” She will go to the park tomorrow. 2）表示不以人的意志為轉(zhuǎn)移的自然發(fā)展的事。）表示不以人的意志為轉(zhuǎn)移的自然發(fā)展的事。 Tom will be 18 next year. Spring will come again. Tomorrow will be Sunday. 3) will+v 有時(shí)表示說(shuō)話是臨時(shí)決定或打算。有時(shí)表示說(shuō)話是臨時(shí)決定或打算。 - My car wont start. -Dont worry, I will come and give it a push.2021/8/2632肯

21、定句肯定句主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+shall/will+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形 其它成分其它成分.否定句否定句主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)shall/ will +not 動(dòng)詞原形其它成分動(dòng)詞原形其它成分. 一般疑問(wèn)句一般疑問(wèn)句：Shall /will 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞原形其它成分動(dòng)詞原形其它成分? 特殊疑問(wèn)句特殊疑問(wèn)句疑問(wèn)詞疑問(wèn)詞shall/will+主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞原形其它成分主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞原形其它成分?如：如：What will they do next Saturday?注：注：shall用于第一人稱。用于第一人稱。 will用于各種人稱。用于各種人稱。 口語(yǔ)中口語(yǔ)中常用常用will代替代替shall。 shall not=shant wi

22、ll not=wont 2021/8/2633祈使句+ and/or+將來(lái)時(shí)（will） 努力工作否則你就會(huì)失敗。努力工作否則你就會(huì)失敗。 Work hard or you will fail. 努力工作你就會(huì)成功。努力工作你就會(huì)成功。 Work hard and you will succeed.2021/8/26342、be going to表示計(jì)劃，安排要做的事表示計(jì)劃，安排要做的事表示現(xiàn)在的跡象推斷未來(lái)可能發(fā)生某事。表示現(xiàn)在的跡象推斷未來(lái)可能發(fā)生某事。- What _do this evening?- I am going to do my lessons. 看那些烏云要下雨了看那些烏

23、云要下雨了. Loot at the dark clouds. It _rain. is going toare you going to2021/8/2635 3.be to do 表按計(jì)劃或安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作表按計(jì)劃或安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作表示約定，責(zé)任，命令，或注定要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。表示約定，責(zé)任，命令，或注定要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。官方計(jì)劃或決定（常見(jiàn)于報(bào)紙或廣播）官方計(jì)劃或決定（常見(jiàn)于報(bào)紙或廣播）He and I are to meet at the railway station tomorrow. You are not to be back late.If not watered, the pl

24、ants are to die.The president is to speak on TV tonight.計(jì)劃，安排計(jì)劃，安排責(zé)任，命令責(zé)任，命令注定要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作注定要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作官方計(jì)劃或決定官方計(jì)劃或決定2021/8/26364.be about to do 表示正要做表示正要做,馬上要做馬上要做. (不能與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用不能與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用) was /were about to do when 正要正要突然發(fā)生突然發(fā)生 英語(yǔ)晚會(huì)即將開(kāi)始英語(yǔ)晚會(huì)即將開(kāi)始。 The English Evening Party is about to begin. 我正要出去我正要出

25、去,這時(shí)下起了雨這時(shí)下起了雨. I was about to go out when it began to rain.2021/8/2637 5.be +v-ing go, come, leave, start, arrive, stay, fly, land, take off等等動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞可用可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示表示安排安排和計(jì)劃或即將發(fā)生和計(jì)劃或即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作的動(dòng)作。 我們明天動(dòng)身去青島我們明天動(dòng)身去青島. Were leaving for Qingdao. 2021/8/26386.表示與表示與生日生日,日歷日歷,課時(shí)安排或交通時(shí)刻表課時(shí)安排或交通時(shí)刻表有關(guān)的有關(guān)的動(dòng)作動(dòng)作(一

26、種規(guī)律一種規(guī)律) ，用，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)表示將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài) 常用于轉(zhuǎn)移動(dòng)詞如常用于轉(zhuǎn)移動(dòng)詞如： begin, come , leave, go, arrive, start, stop, return, open, close The evening class begins at 19:00. 火車兩點(diǎn)出發(fā)火車兩點(diǎn)出發(fā). The train starts at two.2021/8/2639注注:在時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中在時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,從句用從句用一般現(xiàn)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)時(shí):when, as soon as, before, once, if , unless

27、, even if, in case If you come this morning, we will have a meeting. When I graduate, I will go to the countryside2021/8/26401.There_two meetings tomorrow afternoon. A.are going to be B.are going to haveC.is going to be D.will have2.The twins_to the cinema with their parents tonight.A.will go B.woul

28、d goC.are go D.went3.-When_we have the meeting? -At 8. A.areB.shallC.would D.will 4.-When_you_for London? -Next week. A.will;leavingB.are;leaving C.shall;leaveD.have;left2021/8/2641 What would you do if it _ tomorrow ? We have to carry it on, since weve got everything ready. A. rain B. rains C. will

29、 rain D. is rainingExercises2021/8/26422. What are you going to do this afternoon? I am going to the cinema with some friends. The film _quite early, so we _ to the bookstore after that. A. finished; are going B. finished; go C. finishes; are going D. finishes; go 2021/8/26433. My younger brother _b

30、e 15 years old next year. A. is going to B. will C. is to D. should 2021/8/26444. Sorry, I forgot to post the letter for you. Never mind, _ post it myself tonight. A. Im going to B. I prefer to C. Ill D. Id rather2021/8/26455. Write to me when you get home. _. A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I ca

31、n2021/8/2646三 一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)2021/8/2647一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)1.表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài) 2.表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 I got up early yesterday. How was your weekend? It was great. She didnt play sports last weekend. Did you go to Central Park? Yes, I did. Where did you go on vacation?結(jié)論結(jié)論：1常帶有表過(guò)去的常

32、帶有表過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)（見(jiàn)到這些詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)）. ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, two days ago, last( night, week, month, year,), in+一個(gè)過(guò)去的年份一個(gè)過(guò)去的年份, just now, at the age of, one day, long ago, once upon atime(很久以前很久以前)2021/8/2648 be 的過(guò)去時(shí): is-was amwas are-were肯定句：主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去式+其他 He was at home yesterday. 否定句：主語(yǔ)+was/

33、were +not+過(guò)去式+其他 He wasnt at home yesterday.一般疑問(wèn)句：was/were+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他 Was he at home yesterday? -yes, he was. -no, he wasnt.特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句 （was/were+主語(yǔ) +過(guò)去式+其他） Where was he yesterday? 2021/8/2649行為動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去式：do-did肯定句：主語(yǔ)+ 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式 +其他 I went to the movie yesterday.否定句：主語(yǔ)+didnt (助動(dòng)詞) + 動(dòng)詞原形+其他 I didnt

34、 go to the movie yesterday.疑問(wèn)句：Did (助動(dòng)詞) +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他 Did you go to the movie yesterday?特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句 (Did+主語(yǔ) +過(guò)去式+其他） Where did he go yesterday? (movie) when did he go to the movie? (yesterday)2021/8/2650構(gòu)成規(guī)則構(gòu)成規(guī)則例詞例詞1. 一般在動(dòng)詞原形末尾加一般在動(dòng)詞原形末尾加-ed look looked play played start started2. 結(jié)尾是結(jié)尾是 e 的動(dòng)詞加

35、的動(dòng)詞加 -d live lived hope hoped use used3. 末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀 閉音節(jié)詞，先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字閉音節(jié)詞，先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字 母，再加母，再加-edstop stoppedplan plannedtrip tripped4. 結(jié)尾是結(jié)尾是“輔音字母輔音字母+y”的動(dòng)詞，的動(dòng)詞， 先變先變“y”為為“i”再加再加-ed study studiedcarry carried規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成2021/8/2651清念清念 /t/ ,元濁元濁/d/ ; /t/ /d/ 之后念之后念/id/規(guī)則動(dòng)詞規(guī)則動(dòng)詞-ed的讀

36、音的讀音說(shuō)明：說(shuō)明：1、清念、清念 /t/ ，即，即 ed 在清輔音后面念在清輔音后面念 /t/ ,例：例：finished helped passed cooked2、元濁、元濁 /d/ ,即即 ed 在元音，濁輔音后面念在元音，濁輔音后面念 /d/ , 例：例：borrowed enjoyed called moved 3、/t/ /d/ 之后念之后念 /id/ , 即即 ed 在在 /t/ /d/ 音后面念音后面念 /id/ 例：例：wanted shouted needed counted2021/8/2652不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表Infinitive Past tenseam is

37、 wasare werebegin begunbreak brokebring broughtbuild builtbuy boughtcan couldInfinitive Past tensecatch caughtcome camedo diddraw drewdrink drankdrive droveeat atefall fell2021/8/26531. look2. live3. stop4. carry5. hope6. trip7. call 8. finish9. want10.are 11. e16.say17.see18.put19.eat20.take21.read

38、2021/8/26541. look looked2. live lived3. stop stopped4. carry carried 5. hope hoped 6. trip tripped7. call called8. finish finished 9. want wanted10.are were11.go went12.have had13.do did14.get e came16.say said 17.see saw18.put put19.eat ate20.take took21.read read2021/8/26551._ you _(remember) to buy the oranges?2.Who _(invent) the computer.3.We _(go) to the cinema last night. The film _(be) very good.4.What time _ you _(get) to school this morning?5.Jim _ (do) a lot yesterday. He _(go) shopping and _ (cook) supper.2021/8/2656 Did you remembered (remember