構(gòu)詞法練習(xí)及其答案(共16頁)

1、高考能力測試構(gòu)詞法Word Formation 一合成 Compounding 兩個或更多的詞合成一個詞。方式：1. 直接寫在一起。 2. 用連字符(-)連接。 3. 由兩個分開的詞構(gòu)成。(1) 合成adj 方式例詞1 adjadjred-hot2 adjnfirst-class, full-time, part-time3 adj現(xiàn)在分詞good-looking, free-thinking, 4 adj過去分詞ready-made5 adjn-edgood-tempered, middle-aged, cold-blooded6 nn-ediron-willed7 nadjworld-fa

2、mous, day-long 8 n現(xiàn)在分詞beauty-loving, freedom-loving, job-hunting, 9 n過去分詞man-made, water-covered, 10advadjever-green11adv現(xiàn)在分詞hard-working, far-seeing12adv過去分詞well-prepared, quickly-cured, well-known13 num nfive-year14 numn+adjfive-year-old15num過去分詞four-legged, six-storied (2)合成動詞構(gòu)成方式例詞1 nvday-dream2

3、 advvovercome, upturn翻起3 adjvwhite-wash(3)合成n構(gòu)成方式例詞1 nnhorseback , bank-note, newspaper, cellphone, 2 adjnback-yard, forehead, 3動名詞nhiding place, reading-room4 vadvget-off, break in, 5 advvoutput, overflow(4)合成 adv however, maybe, wherever, whenever, forever (5)合成代詞 whoever, whatever, everyone, nobo

4、dy, myself, something, anything, （6）合 成 介 詞 inside在里后 綴例 詞形容詞-alcentral, industrial, national, natural-anEuropean, American, Australian-erneastern, northern, southern-ablereasonable, horrible, terrible, believable, comfortable, forgettable, sensible-fulcareful, cheerful, grateful, faithful, -ishchil

5、dish, Swedish, selfish-ivedestructive, collective, active, creative, effective-ythirsty, dirty, windy, sunny, cloudy, healthy, funny-lesscareless, hopeless, helpless, homeless, sleepless, fearless, limitless-engolden, wooden, woolen-ouscourageous, famous, continuous, serious, various-aryimaginary, r

6、evolutionary, secondary-icrealistic, historic, poetic-sometroublesome, burdensome, lonesome, handsome-likechildlike, womanlike, manlike-antignorant, significant, observant, important-entdiligent, silent, excellent, frequent -lylively, friendly, lovely, weekly, brotherly, motherly-ishchildish, foolis

7、h二、派生 Derivation前綴含義例詞a-處在arise, aside, aloneen-使可能enrich, enable, enslavedis-不，否定dissatisfy, dishonest, disappear, disorder, disagreeun-不，做相反動作unable, unknown, uncommon, uncomfortable, unfair, unclose, undress, uncover, untiein-im-ir-il-不，非inactive, incapable, inpatient, incorrect impossible, imper

8、sonal, impolite, immature, impracticalirregular, irresponsibleillogical, non-不，非non-existent,non-interference, non-conductor, non-stopde-向相反方向發(fā)展decentralize（分散）, defrost（解凍）anti-反（對）anti-freeze, anti-fascistmis-錯誤的，壞的misdoings, misunderstand, misfortunere重復(fù)，再rewrite, remarry, reunite, recycle, co-共同

9、co-exist, co-operate, co-educationex以前的ex-husband, ex-presidenttele遠(yuǎn)程telephone, telegraph, telescopesuper-在上面，超級supermarket, superpower, under-在之下underline, underestimate, underground, inter-相互，之間international, interact, inter-changesub-下，次subtitle, submarine, subconscious, subcontinent, trans-過，穿過，

10、變transformation(變形), translatevice-副vice-premier, vice-presidentsemi-半semifinal, semicircle, semi-automaticbi兩個bicycle, biennial兩年一次的tri三個triangle三角形, tricycle三輪腳踏車, triplets三胞胎mul-多，多種multiply, multi-national, multi-colouredkilo-千kilometre, kilogram 后 綴例 詞動詞-izerealize, modernize, mechanize, critic

11、ize, -enwiden, strengthen, lengthen, sharpen, widen, shorten, quicken, deepen-fySimplify, beautify, terrify, 后 綴例 詞副詞-ward(s)forward, northward, backward, downward-lyslowly, quickly, carefully, loudly, happily, friendly三、轉(zhuǎn)化 Conversion: 指一個詞不變化詞形，而由一種此類轉(zhuǎn)化為另一種詞類或幾種詞類。1. 名詞和動詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化telephone電話打電話, mirro

12、r鏡子像鏡子一樣反映, drink喝飲料, record錄音記錄, name, date, hand, study, 2. 形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞 perfect完美的使完善 3.名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞(副詞) front前面前面的4.形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞 chief 主要的首領(lǐng)訓(xùn)練要旨：構(gòu)詞法是英語學(xué)習(xí)的一個重點(diǎn)，也是近年來?？嫉捻?xiàng)目。特別是在詞語辨析的綜合運(yùn)用中，對詞匯掌握的要求越來越高。檢測構(gòu)詞法，在閱讀理解中，已不把這種詞匯看作生詞，而是把這類詞的理解看作學(xué)生通過對構(gòu)詞法知識的學(xué)習(xí)，應(yīng)該具備的一種能力。如有的生詞，只要其詞根是學(xué)生們該掌握的或熟悉的,只是加上了前綴或后綴，再者或是合成詞等，命題人就認(rèn)為

13、不必再注出漢語注釋。1.That man was_enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job.A.care B. careful C. careless Dcarelessness2.The soldier died for saving the child，so his_ is heavier than Mount Tai. A. die B. dead C. died D. death3.The child looked_ at his brother who was badly wounded. A. sadly

14、 B. sadness C. sadly D. sad4.He is an expert at chemistry. We all call him a _. A. chemistry B. chemical C. chemis D. physician5.The three- _chair isnt suitable for a young child. He may fall off. A. legging B .legged C. legs D.leged6.Stephenson became the_railway engineer in the world. A. lead B. l

15、eader C. leading D. leadership7.When the teacher praised him for working out the maths problem，Jack looked_about at his classmates.A.proud B.proudly C.pride D. pridely8.To everyones _, the girl finished the job quite well. A.satisfied B.satisfactory C.satisfying D.satisfaction9.What are you doing he

16、re? Oh，my teacher asked me to write a passage about _in English.You can write_ _passage in English? A.600 words；a 600-words B.600-word；a 600-wordsC.600 words；a 600-word D.600 words；a 600-words10.No one should enter the spot without the_of the police. A.permit B.permission C.permitting D.permittence1

17、1You must come with us to the police _.Our head is waiting for you.A.headquarters B.headline C.headmaster D.headache12.Letting that animal escape was no accident；you did it _.A.intend B.intention C.intentionally D.intentional13.The shop owner welcomed all the guests with a_smile. A.practice B.practi

18、se C.practical D.practiced14.The_ordered him to pay a $100 fine. A.judger B.judgment C.judge D.judgement15.My TV is out of order.Can you tell me what is the_news about Iraq War? A.lately B.latest C.later D.latter16.The Great Wall is more than 6000 li in _. A.longer B.length C.long D.longing17.To my

19、_，I passed the exam easily. A.joy B.joyful C.joyless D.joyness18.Canada is mainly an_country. A.English-speaking B.speak-English C.spoken-English D.English-spoken19.How_ he is! He is always acting_.He is really a _.A.foolish；foolishly；fool B.fool；foolish；fool C.foolish；fool；fool D.foolishly；foolish；

20、fool20.The necklace that she lost is very expensive.Its of great _. A.valuable B.value C.valueless D.unvaluable21.There were_fish in the river in South America. A.in danger B.danger C.dangerous D.dangerless22.The letter “b” in the word “doubt” is_. A.sound B.silent C.silence D.sounded23.The child lo

21、oked at me_. A.stranger B.strangely C.strange D.strangeless24.The black people were against slavery and fought for their_bravely. A.free B.freely C.freedom D.frees25.What you said sounded_ but in fact it was untrue. A.reasonable B.reasonful C.reasonless D.unreason26.We have to learn_technology from

22、other countries. A.advance B.advancing C.advantage D.advanced27.The children live in a village _.They come here almost every day. A.nearby B.near C.nearly D.near by28.Mr Black is an _in the army，not an_in the government.You can not easily find him in his_.A .official；officer；office B.officer；office；

23、official C.official；official；official D.officer；official；office29.Youd better give up smoking if you want to keep _.A.health B.healthy C.healthily D.healthier30._ speaking，I didnt do it on purpose. A.Honestly B.Honest C.Honesty D.Dishonest31.It sounds like a good plan，but there are some_difficulties

24、 in carrying it out.A.practiced B.practical C.practice D.practicing32.His father possesses a_factory，which does most of the pollution to this river.A.paper-make B.paper-making C.papers-made D.paper-made33.Marx left his homeland for some_reasons. A.politicallyB.politics C.political D.politician34.Its

25、_to persuade him to give up smoking.Hes very stubborn.A.possible B.possibly C.impossible D.impossibility35.Dan caught two_birds in the wood last week and they are still_in the cage.A.alive；live B.live；live C.live；alive D.alive；alive36.The doctor said that the old mans condition was_and that they had

26、 tried their best. A.hope B.hoped C.hopeful D.hopeless37.Ann felt so_that she could hardly open her eyes. A.sleepy B.asleep C.sleep D.sleeping38.We stood there_at the_sight.A.frightened；frightful B.frightening frightful C.fright；frightening D.frightful；fright39.The doctors advice_him from drinking a

27、nd smoking. A.encouraged B.couraged C.encouragement D.discouraged40Id like to buy a house,modern,comfortable and above all in a quiet_.A.neighbour B.neighbourhood C.neighbours Dneighbours.改錯練習(xí)(每小題有一個構(gòu)詞法錯誤，請找出并更正)1.The Milu deer are living in the wild in a natural park. 2.This blouse is fit for him a

28、t all.Its too long and the color has run.3.The possibly that the majority of the labor force will work at home is often discussed.4.We must strength government of the people，by the people and for the people.5.The sperm whale can dive to a deep of more than 1000 meters in the sea.6.He is a very famou

29、s actress.He has played many important parts in different films.7.Personal，Id rather stay at home watching TV. 8.Because of her ill，she cant go out for the sight-seeing.9.Thank you for your describe of the conditions here. 10.Its really dust in this room.Its a long time since someone last lived in i

30、t.11.We all dont know how dark happens. 12.He opened the envelope，folded the letter and began to read it.13.She offered us lots of value information，which played an important part in catching the thief.14.We wish you a pleasure journey back home.15.The captain made an apologize to the passengers for

31、 the delay caused by bad weather.16.I wish that you could interview these journals who come. 17.Coral is not a plant but a various of animal life.18.In my opinion，Harry is the most suitful person for the job. 19.The food was good but the serve was poor.20.This meeting is of great important to all of

32、 us. 21.There comes a large collection of soldiers in the distant.22.When he got to the destination，he was quite out of breathe. 23.Traditionally speaking，Russia is a Europe country.24.“Actual”means“in fact”，and we can also use“as a matter of fact”.25.It is possible to persuade Adam to give up that

33、decide.26.The doctor said that the patience was comfortable after the operation. 27.Some people say that this new discover might change the whole society completely.28.The Chinese government treasure the friendly between the people of two countries and we are waiting for a peaceful settlement of thi

34、s matter. 29.She was afraid of high and dared not jump out of the plane.30.Her mother died of hungry after the flood. 31.I bet you are mistake this time.32.The man said that he was merely a pass-by and that he didnt watch the accident. 33.Do you follow me? Yes，perfect.34.Personal possess of guns cau

35、ses lots of troubles in the USA. 35.The greatest wealthy is being content with a little.36.I believe our dream that humans will travel to and from the moon will come truth one day.37.Fail is the mother of success. 38.Every year millions of visiters come to visit the dams.39.The Chinese people are bu

36、ilding socialist and have achieved great progress.40.People all went up to offer their congratulate on their winning the key match. 前后綴“冰山一角”練習(xí)一形容詞后綴1-ous結(jié)尾advantage_ ambition_ anxiety_ continue_ courage_ danger_ disaster_ fame_ glory_ humor_ mountain_ mystery_ nerve_ number_ poison_ prosper_ religi

37、on_ suspicion_ vary_ vigor_ 2. 以-al 結(jié)尾Chemistry_ class_ economy_ editor_ education_ exception_ finance_ function_ logic_ memory_ nation_ origin_ parent_ person_ physics_ politics_ region_ substance_ technique_ technology_ 3. 以-able 結(jié)尾ability_ accept_ access_ adapt_ avail_ avoid_ capability_ change_

38、comfort_ compare_convert_desire_ duration_ favor_ flexibility_ honor_ move_ notice_ permit_ reason_ sense_ vision_4. 以-ful結(jié)尾beauty_ care_ cheer_ doubt_ faith_ fruit_ glass_ hand_ harm_ help_ mouth_ peace_ power_ skill_ spoon_ success_ thought_ wonder_ 二名詞后綴1. 以-ment結(jié)尾achieve_ advance_ advertise_ agr

39、ee_ disagree_ argue_ assign_ attach_ appoint_ develop_ embarrass_ encourage_ engage_ enjoy_ equip_ establish_ govern_ install_ manage_ move_ pave_ pay_ punish_ ship_ state_2. 以-al結(jié)尾approve_ disapprove_ arrive_ propose_ refuse_ remove_ survive_ try_ withdraw_3. 以-ance/-ence/-ency/cy結(jié)尾abundant_ accura

40、te_ agent_ allow_ apply_ attend_ bankrupt_ competent_ compliant_ confident_ consist_ convenient_ inconvenient_ correspondent_ current_ dependent_ independent_ innocent_diplomat_ distant_ efficient_ elegant_ evident_ exist_ fluent_ frequent_ infer_ infant_ influential_ intelligent_ interfere_ offend_

41、 patient_ perform_ prefer_ refer_ resident_ significant_ silent_ tend_ urgent_ vacant_ violent_ 4. 以-ion結(jié)尾act_ add_ admit_ attract_ associate_ collect_ combine_ complete_ commit_ communicate_ compose_ conclude_ consider_ consume_ create_ decide_ declare_ define_ describe_ destroy_ determine_ devote_

42、 direct_ distinct_ discuss_ dominate_ educate_ elect_ evolve_ except_ exhaust_ exhibit_ exploit_ found_ identify_ illustrate_ imitate_ impress_ include_ intend_ introduce_ investigate_ invite_ liberate_ locate_ oblige_ occupy_ operate_ organize_ participate_ permit_ predict_ produce_ provide_ pollute_ possess_ recognize_ recommend_ regulate_ relate_ satisfy_ select_ solve_ submit_ suggest_ utilize_ verify_三動詞前后綴、1.以-en開頭或結(jié)尾large_ able_ courage_ rich_ hard_ weak_ broad_ soft_ moist_ lengt