多式聯(lián)運(yùn)物流集裝箱物流

1、 多式聯(lián)運(yùn)物流 集裝箱貨物運(yùn)輸 multimodal transport logistics andContainer freight transport多式聯(lián)運(yùn)物流一、定義（define） 多式聯(lián)合運(yùn)輸（MultimodalTransportation）：由兩種及其以上的交通工具相互銜接、轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)而共同完成的運(yùn)輸過程統(tǒng)稱為復(fù)合運(yùn)輸，我國習(xí)慣上稱之為多式聯(lián)運(yùn)。 Join each other by two and above transport, transshipment and complete transportation are collectively referred to as co

2、mposite transport, customarily call multimodal transport in our country.多式聯(lián)運(yùn)物流多式聯(lián)運(yùn)物流二、分類（classification）按不同的原則，對(duì)多式聯(lián)運(yùn)可以有多種分類形式。 According to different principles, the multimodal transport can have a variety of forms of classification. 1、就其組織方式和體制來分：可分為協(xié)作式多式聯(lián)運(yùn)和銜接式多式聯(lián)運(yùn)兩大類。 As to its organization and sy

3、stem : collaborative multimodal transport and multimodal transport connection 多式聯(lián)運(yùn)物流 三、特點(diǎn)(characteristics) 1.根據(jù)多式聯(lián)運(yùn)的合同進(jìn)行操作，運(yùn)輸全程中至少使用兩種運(yùn)輸方式，而且是不同方式的連續(xù)運(yùn)輸。 According to the multimodal transport contract, at least use two kinds of mode of transportation in the entire carriage, continuous transportation

4、and in a different way. 2.多式聯(lián)運(yùn)的貨物主要集裝箱貨物，具有集裝箱運(yùn)輸?shù)奶攸c(diǎn)。 The container multimodal transport mostly is container goods. has the characteristics of container transportation。多式聯(lián)運(yùn)物流 3.多式聯(lián)運(yùn)是一票到底，實(shí)行單一運(yùn)費(fèi)率的運(yùn)輸。發(fā)貨人只要訂立一份合同一次付費(fèi)，一次保險(xiǎn)，通過一張單證即可完成全程運(yùn)輸。 Multimodal transport is a ticket to the end, a single transport of

5、 freight rate. Shipper make a contract to pay at a time, an insurance, a documents can complete the entire transport. 4.多式聯(lián)運(yùn)是不同方式的綜合組織，全程運(yùn)輸均是由多式聯(lián)運(yùn)經(jīng)營人組織完成的。無論涉及幾種運(yùn)輸方式，分為幾個(gè)運(yùn)輸區(qū)段，由多式聯(lián)運(yùn)經(jīng)營人對(duì)貨運(yùn)全程負(fù)責(zé)。 Multimodal transport combined different ways of organization, the entire transport are organized by the mult

6、imodal transport operator. No matter involving several ways of transportation, divided into several transportation section, the multimodal transport operator is responsible for the whole shipping.多式聯(lián)運(yùn)物流四、構(gòu)成要素（components ）1.多式聯(lián)運(yùn)經(jīng)營人（The multimodal transport operator）2.發(fā)貨人（The shipper）3.契約承運(yùn)人和實(shí)際承運(yùn)人（The

7、 contract carrier and actual carrier）4.收貨人（The consignee）5.多式聯(lián)運(yùn)合同（Multimodal transport contract）6.多式聯(lián)運(yùn)單據(jù)（票據(jù)）（Multimodal transport documents (notes)）多式聯(lián)運(yùn)物流五、業(yè)務(wù)程序（business program）接受托運(yùn)申請(qǐng)，訂立多式聯(lián)運(yùn)合同（Accept the shipping, make multimodal transport contract）集裝箱的發(fā)放、提取及運(yùn)送（The distribution, extraction and tran

8、sportation of container）出口報(bào)關(guān)（Export declaration）貨物裝箱及接收貨物（Packing the goods and receive the goods）訂艙及安排貨物運(yùn)送（Booking and arrange the goods delivery）多式聯(lián)運(yùn)物流 辦理保險(xiǎn)（Deal with insurance） 簽發(fā)多式聯(lián)運(yùn)提單，組織完成貨物的全程運(yùn)輸（ Issued multimodal transport bill of lading, organized the total carriage of the goods and complete

9、d） 運(yùn)輸過程中的海關(guān)業(yè)務(wù)（The customs business in the transportation） 貨物交付（The goods delivery） 貨運(yùn)事故處理（Deal with the freight accident）多式聯(lián)運(yùn)物流六、我國多式聯(lián)運(yùn)的現(xiàn)狀(the present situation of multimodal transport in our country)1缺乏多式聯(lián)運(yùn)法規(guī)建設(shè)涉及集裝箱運(yùn)輸?shù)默F(xiàn)行法(the lack of multimodal transport legislation and the current container transp

10、ort laws and regulations)2基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施不足(inadequate infrastructure)3多式聯(lián)運(yùn)系統(tǒng)協(xié)調(diào)不夠(the multimodal transport system coordination is not enough)多式聯(lián)運(yùn)物流4.信息系統(tǒng)的不完善(information system are not complete)5.經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平低(low level of economic development)6.政策管制過緊(policy control too tight )7.觀念落后(The ideas of multimodal logisti

11、cs far behind)多式聯(lián)運(yùn)物流七、多式聯(lián)運(yùn)的主要形式（the main form of multimodal transport）1.陸橋運(yùn)輸（A land bridge transport）西伯利亞大陸橋（The Siberian continental bridge）北美大陸橋（The north American land bridge）小陸橋運(yùn)輸（Small land bridge transport）微橋運(yùn)輸（Micro bridge transport）多式聯(lián)運(yùn)物流2.?？章?lián)運(yùn)（sea-air freight） 遠(yuǎn)東-歐洲（The far east - Europe ）

12、遠(yuǎn)東-中南美（The far east - central and South America ） 遠(yuǎn)東-中近東、非洲、澳洲( The far east - The near east, Africa, and Australia )多式聯(lián)運(yùn)物流案例：日本郵船公司的多式聯(lián)運(yùn)服務(wù) (Case: Nippon yusen multimodal transport service of the company) 日本郵船公司（NYK）作為世界上著名的班輪公司之一，是傳統(tǒng)的海運(yùn)服務(wù)公司，該公司自1896年起便開始經(jīng)營歐洲和遠(yuǎn)東的“港至港”的服務(wù)。航運(yùn)業(yè)的利潤下降和動(dòng)蕩，使NYK開始重組和改變其經(jīng)營戰(zhàn)略

13、，由單一的“港至港”服務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)向更加細(xì)致周到的“多式聯(lián)運(yùn)”服務(wù)。 NYK集團(tuán)提出了一個(gè)面向21世紀(jì)的公司戰(zhàn)略，內(nèi)部稱為“NYK21”。“NYK21”的目標(biāo)是使公司發(fā)展成為一個(gè)可以提供更廣泛的服務(wù)種類的超級(jí)承運(yùn)人。NYK戰(zhàn)略之一是計(jì)劃首先通過其下屬子公司在空運(yùn)、貨代、倉儲(chǔ)和公路運(yùn)輸?shù)倪\(yùn)作上的協(xié)調(diào)一致，來實(shí)現(xiàn)其戰(zhàn)略聯(lián)盟。. 多式聯(lián)運(yùn)物流 公司的目標(biāo)是加強(qiáng)NYK的貨運(yùn)服務(wù)、物流活動(dòng)、空運(yùn)和陸上運(yùn)輸。NYK努力建立一個(gè)圍繞海、陸、空服務(wù)的多式聯(lián)運(yùn)體系，以實(shí)現(xiàn)其目標(biāo)。該戰(zhàn)略的核心部分在于NYK不斷在世界主要地區(qū)發(fā)展其物流中心。1991年NYK從聯(lián)合承運(yùn)集團(tuán)（United Carriers Group）收購了

14、三個(gè)歐洲運(yùn)輸和物流公司作為其在歐洲建立物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)體系的一部分。 NYK的物流中心遍布全球，并且不斷有新的中心建立。這些中心經(jīng)營的遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不止倉儲(chǔ)服務(wù)，NYK將它們看作是集中向客戶提供一定程度的物流服務(wù)的中心，如存貨管理和定單處理。 NYK物流中心的經(jīng)營理念是積極向客戶推銷，提供客戶集中存貨控制的好處，以達(dá)到緩解存貨緊缺和減少運(yùn)輸設(shè)備的目的。每個(gè)中心均有陸、海、空運(yùn)輸?shù)膶I(yè)人才和自己的貨物集中與分送的網(wǎng)絡(luò)。NYK認(rèn)為信息技術(shù)是現(xiàn)代物流的重要基礎(chǔ)，并且使每個(gè)中心互相聯(lián)網(wǎng)以提供全球貨物跟蹤。多式聯(lián)運(yùn)物流 一些NYK的物流中心甚至向客戶提供更為廣泛的物流服務(wù)。以新加坡中心為例，物流中心為日本電子產(chǎn)品制造商提

15、供“物料需求計(jì)劃服務(wù)”（MRP），NYK認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)物流提供者尚未開發(fā)的巨大的領(lǐng)域。多式聯(lián)運(yùn)物流 NYK practice shows the following strategy is worthy of reference: (1)change the original single species transport range, develop multimodal transport and diversified services ,according to the customersneed and improve the quality of service. (2) to s

16、trengthen the companys coordination, to avoid losses due to slow lag or convey information. (3) set up logistics center in the important areas through the world . strengthen the contact of each logistics center, to ensure customers get timely ,accurate service and information, make full use of advan

17、ced information technology to develop the function of logistics center integrated information. 集裝箱貨物運(yùn)輸一、定義 集裝箱，是指具有一定強(qiáng)度、剛度和規(guī)格專供周轉(zhuǎn)使用的大型裝貨容器。使用集裝箱轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)貨物，可直接在發(fā)貨人的倉庫裝貨，運(yùn)到收貨人的倉庫卸貨，中途更換車、船時(shí)，無須將貨物從箱內(nèi)取出換裝。 Containers have certain strength, stiffness and specifications designed for working with large cargo con

18、tainers. container can beloaded goods directly in the shippers warehouse and unloaded in the consignees warehouse,there is no need to dress up the goods removed from the box when change the car or boat.集裝箱貨物運(yùn)輸(1)按規(guī)格尺寸分:目前，國際上通常使用的干貨柜有外尺寸為20英尺X8英尺X8英尺6寸，簡稱20尺貨柜；40英尺X8英尺X8英尺6寸，簡稱40尺貨柜； 及近年較多使用的40英尺X8英

19、尺X9英尺6寸，簡稱40尺高柜。 As to size:Outer size of 20 feet X8 X8 feet feet 6 inches, referred to as 20-foot container; 40 feet X8 X8 feet feet 6 inches, called 40-foot containers. And the recent use of 40 feet X8 X9 feet feet 6 inches, called 40-foot high cabinet集裝箱貨物運(yùn)輸集裝箱貨物運(yùn)輸(2)按制箱材料分:有鋁合金集裝箱,鋼板集裝箱,纖維板集裝箱,玻

20、璃鋼集裝箱. According to the box material : aluminum containers, steel containers, fibreboard container, glass and steel containers.(3)按用途分:有干集裝箱;冷凍集裝箱、掛衣集裝箱、開頂集裝箱、框架集裝箱、罐式集裝箱. As to use: There are dry container; refrigerated containers, hanging clothes containers, open top containers, frames containers,

21、 tank containers.集裝箱貨物運(yùn)輸 3.集裝箱運(yùn)輸?shù)年P(guān)系方:主要有:無船承運(yùn)人,集裝箱實(shí)際承運(yùn)人,集裝箱租賃公司,集裝箱堆場和集裝箱貨運(yùn)站等. Container transport relations side: NVOCC, container actual carrier, container leasing companies, container yards and container freight station.集裝箱貨物運(yùn)輸集裝箱運(yùn)輸特點(diǎn)分析: 高效益的運(yùn)輸方式高效益的運(yùn)輸方式(Cost-effective mode of (Cost-effective mod

22、e of transport)transport) Simplified packaging, save a lot of packaging costs. 簡化包裝，大量節(jié)約包裝費(fèi)用。 Use containers can be simplified packaging, some even without package, enabling cargo transported unpackaged, can greatly save packaging costs.集裝箱貨物運(yùn)輸2、To reduce goods damage, improve freight quality. 減少貨損貨

23、差，提高貨運(yùn)質(zhì)量。 Container itself is a sturdy packaging. Even after long-distance transport or repeatedly changing.It is difficult to damage the cargo box. Container transport can reduce theft, wet, dirty and so on .集裝箱貨物運(yùn)輸 3、Reduce operating costs and transportation costs 減少營運(yùn)費(fèi)用和運(yùn)輸成本 As efficient loading

24、and unloading of containers, loading and unloading time is shortened, To the ship company, can improve navigation rate and reduce shipping costs, in terms of the port, berth capacity can be increased.集裝箱貨物運(yùn)輸高效率的運(yùn)輸方式高效率的運(yùn)輸方式(Efficient mode of transport)(Efficient mode of transport) As the container h

25、andling efficiency is very high, ship turnaround accelerated greatly increased., ship production efficiency will be improved, so as to improve the transport capacity of the ship, so that high efficiency resulting in high efficiency 集裝箱貨物運(yùn)輸 高投資的運(yùn)輸方式高投資的運(yùn)輸方式(High investment mode of (High investment mo

26、de of transportation)transportation) Although container transport is an efficient mode of transportation, but it is also a kind of capital-intensive industries height. Firstly, a large investment in the container. Secondly, container transport in the port of investment is quite large.such as front,

27、yard, freight station, repair shop, the control tower, concierge, as well as container handling machinery and costly. Also need the construction, 集裝箱貨物運(yùn)輸高協(xié)作的運(yùn)輸方式高協(xié)作的運(yùn)輸方式(High collaborative mode of (High collaborative mode of transport)transport) Container transport system including ocean,land, air,port,container freight stations as well as transport-related customs, shipping agents, freight forwarders and other units and departments. improve various aspects of the transporta