英語(yǔ)六級(jí)閱讀技巧

1、經(jīng)常我們都能從各種各樣的參考書(shū)上看到以下的技巧，我覺(jué)得做夭級(jí)的閱讀題，這些方法足以提高六級(jí)的閱讀速度。我想強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一定要將這些方法變成自己的能力，只有多練習(xí)才可以徹底掌握，否則再多的技巧都是無(wú)用的書(shū)面語(yǔ)言。一、略讀(skimming)所謂略讀是一種選擇閱讀法。它有兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)：第一，它有意地忽略掉一些字詞、句子或段落；第二，它有意地不求甚解。例如抓住一段的大意時(shí)甚至可以對(duì)該段落的一半或者四分之三不予理睬。略讀不是略去某些詞不讀，而是指不可以逐字逐詞閱讀。要抓住關(guān)鍵詞，閱讀句群，把握整體意思。在一個(gè)句子里，最關(guān)鍵的莫過(guò)于主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)了，其他的成分都是用來(lái)補(bǔ)充主、謂、賓的附加成分，讓主、謂、賓看起

2、來(lái)更加豐滿(mǎn)。使用略讀法時(shí)，要省去各種細(xì)節(jié)的知識(shí)，如數(shù)字、公式、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物年齡等。要注意故事的主要情節(jié)，抓住中心意思。在方法上，閱讀時(shí)可以跳躍某些句子，但要注意關(guān)鍵詞、關(guān)鍵段落和問(wèn)題。當(dāng)找到了所需要的信息時(shí)，要立即停下來(lái)。然后，再慢慢地細(xì)讀包含所需信息的那一行或那一句。    例如：The fact that the general literature on interviewing does not deal with the joumalistic interview seems to be surprising for two reasons；firs

3、t，it seems likely that most people in modem Western societies are more familiar，at least in a positive manner, with journalistic interviewing than any other form of interviewing. (that從句只是解釋fact，it從句列舉reasons，只要抓住The fact seems to be surprising for two reasons，這句話的意思就可以把握了。)    遇到難句一定

4、要將主語(yǔ)、渭語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)勾畫(huà)出來(lái)，明顯地提醒自己這句話的意思是什么。在做完了題目檢查時(shí)還一定要認(rèn)認(rèn)真真地把句子分析清楚，這樣才可以提高自己的閱讀能力。二、找出信號(hào)詞信號(hào)詞常用來(lái)連接細(xì)節(jié)或是強(qiáng)調(diào)內(nèi)容，并可完成段落的轉(zhuǎn)換，暗示讀者下文要講的內(nèi)容，標(biāo)志出作者要提出一個(gè)新的思想或者觀點(diǎn)，或者是作者要對(duì)所論述的觀點(diǎn)舉例說(shuō)明，或者要詳細(xì)論述同一觀點(diǎn)。例如：    To sum up，Aristotle thought that all motions resulted either from the nature of the moving object or from a su

5、stained push or pull(表明作者要做結(jié)論)    There is never only a single force in a situationFor example, in walking across the floor，we push against the floor, and the floor in turn pushes against us(舉例說(shuō)明)    In other words, in an economic sense the family was analmost self-suff

6、icient unit(用不同的表達(dá)方法說(shuō)明同一觀點(diǎn))    常用的主要有：    A表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系    如：also，besides，further，furthermore，even，too，moreoverin addition，in particular，even more important等。    B表示時(shí)間和順序    如：before，now，next，first，finally，at first，at last，then，unt

7、il，soon，later，after，eventually，in the past，afterwards，meanwhile。in the meantime等。    C表示空間順序    如：beside，between，beyond，from(to)，outside，next to，opposite to等。    D表示下文要引出例子    如：such as, i.e.，for example，for instance，in fact等。  &#

8、160; E表示因果關(guān)系    如：because，thus，so，so that，as a result，therefore，consequently, for this(that)reason，hence，accordingly等。    F表示比較或?qū)Ρ?下文要開(kāi)始轉(zhuǎn)折)    如：(un)like，similarly，likewise，in the same way，in spite of，despite，on the contrary，by comparison，in contrast，but，

9、however，although，on the other hand，yet，nevertheless，conversely，otherwise等。  G表示結(jié)論和概括意義  如：to conclude，to sum up，in sum，in conclusionIn short，in brief，on the whole等。在文中遇到此類(lèi)詞匯一定要做標(biāo)記，考點(diǎn)也常常在這些地方出現(xiàn)。三、找到中心思想一個(gè)句子、一段文章雖然能提供許多信息，但它的中心意思通常只有一個(gè)。其它細(xì)節(jié)都圍繞這個(gè)意思，說(shuō)明這個(gè)意思。要提高閱讀速度有一個(gè)最根本的要求，就是要找到并抓住這個(gè)中心意思。抓住了中心

10、意思才能正確地理解句子、段落或通篇的基本內(nèi)容。下面幾組詞，每一組都有一個(gè)中心詞：Aapple   fruit    orangeBanimal  cat  dog  birdcgreen  red  yellow  colorDchair  table  furniture  couchEnurse  profession  teacher  lawyer段落的中心意思與句子的中心意思是類(lèi)似的。一般有兩種情況:一種是表明的中心

11、意思，另一種是隱含的中心意思。表明的中心意思常常用一個(gè)或幾個(gè)句子來(lái)表示，隱含的中心盡想需要讀者用自己的話去概括、歸納整篇或整段的含義。要想在考試中在閱讀理解部分取得高分，首先必須學(xué)會(huì)尋找中心思想、抓住中心思想，特別是段落的中心思想。主題句的位置比較靈活，有的在段首。有的在段末，有的則居段中，但主題句在段首的比較多。例如：As the sun went down , the scene from the bridge was beautiful, It had been a perfect day. Up and down on either side of NY the bright blue

12、 water lay gently rippling, while to the south it merged into the great bay and disappeared toward the sea. The vast cities spread away on both sides. Beyond rolled the hilly country until it was lost in the mists of the sky. All up and down the harbor the shipping, piers , and buildings were still

13、gaily decorated. On the housetops of both Brooklyn and NY were multitudes of people.主題句就是第一句。其他的句子只是細(xì)節(jié)，都是解釋、說(shuō)明第一句的。不論主題句在句首也好，在句末也好，都是用一個(gè)完整的句子表達(dá)這一段的中心意思的，在這一類(lèi)的文章中，識(shí)別主題句進(jìn)而抓住中心意思是比較容易的，比較困難的是識(shí)別、尋找隱含的中心意思，例如：Tennis is not a difficult game to play , and you do not need a lot of equipment to play it. The

14、re must be two or four players.  Each player should have a comfortable tennis racket. The players will also need some tennis balls. Of course, it is necessary to have a tennis court.這一段的中心意思沒(méi)有用主題句表示出來(lái)，而是包含在這一段的上下文中，需要我們用自己的話進(jìn)行概括、歸納?？梢钥闯觯@一段的中心意思應(yīng)該是：Players need a court，rackets，and tennis balls。

15、四、正確處理閱讀中出現(xiàn)的生詞，提高閱讀速度 個(gè)別生詞不會(huì)影響我們對(duì)全文的理解，而且大綱中也允許有3左右的生詞。對(duì)有些與答題無(wú)關(guān)的生詞一般可以忽略過(guò)去。如果有個(gè)別生詞影響了對(duì)全篇的理解和做題，就需要去猜測(cè)詞義。在考試中當(dāng)然是無(wú)法求助于字典的，一般可以有兩種方法：第一是根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法判斷詞義。這種方法需要認(rèn)識(shí)大量的詞根，否則一切猜測(cè)都無(wú)從談起；第二種是根據(jù)與上下文的關(guān)系推測(cè)其詞義，生詞不是孤立的、封閉的，它所出現(xiàn)于其中的句子、段落都會(huì)提供很多的暗示和線索，其中最常見(jiàn)的上下文暗示或線索有以下五種：1同義詞或復(fù)述線索。在同一句子中使用另外一個(gè)詞，該詞與生詞具有基本相同的意義；或者，使用幾個(gè)詞來(lái)復(fù)述生詞的意

16、義。例如：    下面黑體字與畫(huà)框的字意義相同：    AThe woman found herself in a difficult situationIn fact her plight was so serious that she decided to get help  BChildren often try to emulate or copy the behavior that theysee on television2比較對(duì)照線索，一個(gè)句子可能包含有這樣一個(gè)詞，它與生詞具有相反的意義。作者有時(shí)使用on th

17、e other hand，however，although，unlike，yet和but等轉(zhuǎn)折語(yǔ)，提醒讀者注。意他要使用一個(gè)與生詞具有相反意義地詞語(yǔ)。    下面黑體字與畫(huà)框的字意義相反：  ASome people like to walk quickly home after work，but I prefer to stroll home and look at the store windows along the way.  B    Although    

18、60; the doctor    usually performed the operation perfectlythe nurse knew he had slipped when she saw the patient's blood pressure suddenly rise3例釋線索。作者有時(shí)給出一些例子，指示或解釋生詞的含義。    請(qǐng)閱讀下列句子，并通過(guò)每一句中的例子判斷黑體字的意義。    AThere was a kind of detachment about the ol

19、d man's behaviorIt appeared as if he didn't care what you were saying to himas if what you were saying were of no interest to him    BIn a battle situation he always appeared calm and relaxedIt was this calm demeanor that earned him the respect and admiration of the other sold

20、iers4直接解釋的線索。作者有時(shí)擔(dān)心自己所使用的詞不易為讀者理解，于是就直接解釋該詞的意義。閱讀下列句子，找出黑體字的解釋語(yǔ)：    AThe powerful poison was imperceptible when mixed in liquid；that is，it could not be tasted，seen，or smelled    BFrom the shelf above him。the old man took down a phiaI，a small glass bottle used to keep li

21、quids，and he placed it on the table in front of him5經(jīng)驗(yàn)線索或情景線索。有些生詞可以根據(jù)它們所出現(xiàn)于其中的情景去理解；也可以結(jié)合讀者自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)去理解。    閱讀下列句子，運(yùn)用每一個(gè)句子所描述的情景去推斷黑體字的含義：    AAlan found himself on the first floor of an old，seemingly abandoned building，as he walked up to the second floor he  could hear the old wooden stairs creak with each step he took    BIt was the first time Nancy had been in a big cityShe felt a little apprehensive as she walked out onto the streetwith so many strange faces staring at her五、跳讀法跳讀法是略讀法的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。跳讀法就是讀的