強(qiáng)化精講之閱讀理解PPT課件

1、英語(yǔ)講師-Jennifer強(qiáng)化精講之閱讀理解 明確閱讀理解考察重點(diǎn)與題型分類 學(xué)會(huì)識(shí)別細(xì)節(jié)題、掌握做細(xì)節(jié)題的解題技巧課程目標(biāo):一、閱讀理解考情分析二、閱讀理解解題步驟三、閱讀理解六大題型之細(xì)節(jié)題目錄考情分析閱讀理解解題步驟 - “三步法”六大題型 題型特點(diǎn) 題量及分值作答時(shí)間細(xì)節(jié)題情感態(tài)度題例證題推斷題詞義句意題主旨題考察能力考察本質(zhì)考情分析閱讀理解解題步驟 - “三步法”六大題型 題型特點(diǎn) 題量及分值作答時(shí)間細(xì)節(jié)題情感態(tài)度題例證題推斷題詞義句意題主旨題考察能力考察本質(zhì) 閱讀理解 （一）考情分析：（一）考情分析：（深度閱讀深度閱讀 Part A Part A：4 4篇篇TEXTTEXT ）1.

2、 題型特點(diǎn)題型特點(diǎn)： 1）文章類型）文章類型/來(lái)源來(lái)源：英美國(guó)家的報(bào)刊雜志節(jié)選，學(xué)術(shù)性議論文為主 The Economist經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人、Nature自然、Scientific American科學(xué)美國(guó)人、BusinessWeek商業(yè)周刊、Newsweek新聞周刊、Time時(shí)代周刊、The New York Times紐約時(shí)報(bào)、The Guardian衛(wèi)報(bào) 2）文章長(zhǎng)度：）文章長(zhǎng)度：400-500w/篇 總篇幅:1600單詞 3）考試難度：）考試難度：英語(yǔ)一2. 題量及分值題量及分值: 4*5*2=403. 作答時(shí)間作答時(shí)間 ：15-20分鐘/篇4.4.考察能力：考察能力：考生應(yīng)能讀懂選自各類書籍

3、和報(bào)刊的不同類型的文字材料(生詞量不超過(guò)所讀材料總詞匯量的3%)，還應(yīng)能讀懂與本人學(xué)習(xí)或工作有關(guān)的文獻(xiàn)資料、技術(shù)說(shuō)明和產(chǎn)品介紹等。對(duì)所選材料，考生應(yīng)能：1)理解主旨主旨要義; 2)理解文中的具體信息具體信息;3)理解文中的概念性含義概念性含義; 4)進(jìn)行有關(guān)的判斷、推理和引申判斷、推理和引申;5)根據(jù)上下文推測(cè)生詞生詞的詞義;6)理解文章的總體結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)以及上下文之間的關(guān)系;7)理解作者的意圖、觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度意圖、觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度; 8)區(qū)分論點(diǎn)和依據(jù)論點(diǎn)和依據(jù)。5.5.考察本質(zhì)：考察本質(zhì)：(1)基本功（詞匯、語(yǔ)法） (2)閱讀技巧、方法（先題后文，題文同序，同義替換）6.6.題型分類：題型分類：六大題型

4、：細(xì)節(jié)題，推理題，詞義題，態(tài)度題，例證題和主旨題這六大類。（細(xì)節(jié)題和推理題為主）考情分析閱讀理解解題步驟 - “三步法”六大題型 題型特點(diǎn) 題量及分值作答時(shí)間細(xì)節(jié)題情感態(tài)度題例證題推斷題詞義句意題主旨題考察能力考察本質(zhì) 閱讀理解（二）解題步驟：（二）解題步驟：“三步法三步法”劃關(guān)鍵詞 （先題后文） 回文定位 排除干擾項(xiàng)考情分析閱讀理解解題步驟 - “三步法”題型分類 題型特點(diǎn) 題量及分值作答時(shí)間細(xì)節(jié)題情感態(tài)度題例證題推斷題詞義句意題主旨題考察能力考察本質(zhì)（三）三）六大題型之細(xì)節(jié)題六大題型之細(xì)節(jié)題1.識(shí)別題型題干中出現(xiàn)了明確關(guān)鍵的信息，該信息都是該篇文章獨(dú)有的，在文章中某一段某一句專門講述。明確

5、、關(guān)鍵、獨(dú)有明確、關(guān)鍵、獨(dú)有（三）三）六大題型之細(xì)節(jié)題六大題型之細(xì)節(jié)題1.識(shí)別題型明確、關(guān)鍵、獨(dú)有明確、關(guān)鍵、獨(dú)有Excercise:劃出關(guān)鍵信息劃出關(guān)鍵信息【2012. T1】According to Paragraph 3, one problem with the policy is that it may .【2013. T1】According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to_.【2018. T3】According to the author, competition law _.（三）三）六大題型之細(xì)

6、節(jié)題六大題型之細(xì)節(jié)題1.識(shí)別題型明確、關(guān)鍵、獨(dú)有明確、關(guān)鍵、獨(dú)有Excercise:劃出關(guān)鍵信息劃出關(guān)鍵信息【2012. T1】According to Paragraph 3, one problem with the policy is that it may .【2013. T1】According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to_.【2018. T3】According to the author, competition law _.2.解題方式 注： 先題后文 自然段定位，鎖定題目的范圍。(定位到段落)

7、 題文同序21. According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for_.22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be_.23. According to the researchers from Ohio University, after an outside directors surprise departure, the firm is likely to_.24. It can be inferred from the las

8、t paragraph that outside directors_.25. The authors attitude toward the role of outside directors is_.2011年Text 1識(shí)別細(xì)節(jié)題 劃出關(guān)鍵詞？21. According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for_.22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be_.23. According to the researchers from Oh

9、io University, after an outside directors surprise departure, the firm is likely to_.24. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors_.25. The authors attitude toward the role of outside directors is_.2011年Text 1識(shí)別細(xì)節(jié)題 劃出關(guān)鍵詞？ Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachss board as an outside

10、 director in January 2000; a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much criticism. But by the end of 2009 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldmans compensation committee; how could she have le

11、t those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too much time, she said. Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers on a firms board. Having made their wealth and their reputa

12、tions elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executives proposals. If the sky, and the share price, is falling, outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises.2011年Text 121According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was cr

13、iticized for_.A gaining excessive profitsB failing to fulfill her dutyC refusing to make compromisesD leaving the board in tough times 22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be_.A generous investorsB unbiased executivesC share price forecastersD independent advisers The

14、 researchers from Ohio University used a database that covered more than 10, 000 firms and more than 64, 000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age, so the r

15、esearchers concentrated on those “surprise” disappearances by directors under the age of 70. They found that after a surprise departure, the probability (that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings) increases by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action laws

16、uit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship. Often they

17、“trade up”, leaving riskier, smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.2011年Text 12011年Text 1 But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks, even if a review of history shows they were o

18、n the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives. Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons, once again very popular on campus.23. According to the researchers from Ohio Universi

19、ty, after an outside directors surprise departure, the firm is likely to_.A become more stableB report increased earningsC do less well in the stock marketD perform worse in lawsuits24It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors_.A may stay for the attractive offers from the fir

20、mB have often had records of wrongdoings in the firmC are accustomed to stress-free work in the firmD will decline incentives from the firm 25The authors attitude toward the role of outside directors is_.A permissive B positive C scornful D critical31. According to the first paragraph, economic down

21、turns (n.衰退)would_.32. The authors of Race Against the Machine argue that_.33. Hagel argues that jobs in the U.S. are often_.34. According to the last paragraph, Brynjolfsson and McAfee discussed_.35. Which of the following could be the most appropriate title for the text?2014年Text 331. According to

22、 the first paragraph, economic downturns would_.32. The authors of Race Against the Machine argue that_.33. Hagel argues that jobs in the U.S. are often_.34. According to the last paragraph, Brynjolfsson and McAfee discussed_.35. Which of the following could be the most appropriate title for the tex

23、t?2014年Text 32014年Text 3 The concept of man versus machine is at least as old as the industrial revolution, but this phenomenon tends to be most acutely felt during economic downturns and fragile recoveries. And yet, it would be a mistake to think we are right now simply experiencing the painful sid

24、e of a boom and bust cycle. Certain jobs have gone away for good, outmoded by machines. Since technology has such an insatiable appetite for eating up human jobs, this phenomenon will continue to restructure our economy in ways we cannot immediately foresee. When there is exponential improvement in

25、the price and performance of technology, jobs that were once thought to be immune from automation suddenly become threatened. This argument has attracted a lot of attention, via the success of the book Race Against the Machine, by Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee, who both hail from MITs Center f

26、or Digital Business. This is a powerful argument, and a scary one. And yet. John Hagel, author of The Power of Pull and other books, says Brynjolfsson and McAfee miss the reason why these jobs are so vulnerable to technology in the first place. Hagel says we have designed jobs in the U.S. that tend

27、to be “tightly scripted” and “highly standardized” ones that leave no room for “individual initiative or creativity.” In short, these are the types of jobs that machines can perform much better at than human beings. That is how we have put a giant target sign on the backs of American workers, Hagel

28、says.2014年Text 3 Its time to reinvent the formula for how work is conducted, since we are still relying on a very 20th century notion of work, Hagel says. In our rapidly changing economy, we more than ever need people in the workplace who can take initiative and exercise their imagination “to respon

29、d to unexpected events”. That is not something machines are good at. They are designed to perform very predictable activities. As Hagel notes, Brynjolfsson and McAfee indeed touched on this point in their book. We need to reframe race against the machine as race with the machine. In other words, we

30、need to look at the ways in which machines can augment human labor rather than replace it. So then the problem is not really about technology, but rather “how do we innovate our institutions and our work practices?”2014年Text 331. According to the first paragraph, economic downturns would _. A ease t

31、he competition of man vs. machine B highlight machines threat to human jobsC provoke a painful technological revolution D outmode our current economic structure 32. The authors of Race Against the Machine argue that _. A technology is diminishing mans job opportunitiesB automation is accelerating te

32、chnological developmentC certain jobs will remain intact after automationD man will finally win the race against machine33. Hagel argues that jobs in the U.S. are often _.A performed by innovative mindsB scripted with an individual styleC standardized without a clear targetD designed against human c

33、reativity 34. According to the last paragraph, Brynjolfsson and McAfee discussed _.A the predictability of machine behavior in practiceB the formula for how work is conducted efficientlyC the ways machines replace human labor in modern timesD the necessity of human involvement in the workplace 35. W

34、hich of the following could be the most appropriate title for the text?A How to Innovate Our Work Practices ?B Machines will Replace Human LaborC Can We Win the Race Against Machines ?D Economic Downturns Stimulate Innovations2.解題方式 利用題干關(guān)鍵詞定位，回到原文，鎖定考點(diǎn)所在原文句子。(定位到句子) 回文定位（1）關(guān)鍵信息對(duì)應(yīng)原文一處22. L.A. Unified

35、 has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students_.A tend to have moderate(溫和的；適度的) expectations(期望) for their education B have asked for a different educational standardC may have problems finishing their homework D have voiced their complaints (埋怨，抱怨)about homework （1）關(guān)鍵信息對(duì)應(yīng)原文一處【2012.

36、 T1 P2】This rule is meant to address (v.設(shè)法解決)the difficulty that students from impoverished(a.窮困的) or chaotic(a.混亂的) homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory(adj. 矛盾的). Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot complete on their

37、own or that they cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication (n.暗示)that standards need to be lowered for poor children.（2）關(guān)鍵信息對(duì)應(yīng)原文多處2

38、8. Compared with their American counterparts(同行，對(duì)應(yīng)物), Japanese newspapers are much more stable(穩(wěn)定的) because they_.A have more sources of revenue(收益)B have more balanced newsrooms(新聞編輯部)C are less dependent on(依賴于；依靠) advertisingD are less affected (受到影響的)by readership(讀者人數(shù)；讀者們；讀者的身份)（2）關(guān)鍵信息對(duì)應(yīng)原文多處【20

39、11. T2 P4】Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses, with a healthier mix of revenues from readers and advertisers. American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on(依靠；信賴) ads(廣告). Fully 87% of their revenues came from advertising(n. 廣告,廣告業(yè)) in 2008, according to the Organiz

40、ation for Economic Cooperation & Development (OECD). In Japan the proportion(比例，占比)is 35%. Not surprisingly, Japanese newspapers are much more stable. 3.常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)特征張冠李戴曲解原文無(wú)中生有語(yǔ)義雜糅 重點(diǎn)回顧細(xì)節(jié)題識(shí)別：明確、關(guān)鍵、獨(dú)有解題步驟：(先題后文)劃關(guān)鍵詞 定位排除干擾項(xiàng) 定位： 題文同序定位到自然段 關(guān)鍵詞定位到句子：關(guān)鍵信息對(duì)應(yīng)原文一處/多處 課后作業(yè)【2016. T1 P4】The Flatiron school,

41、where people pay to learn programming, started as one of the many coding boot camps thats become popular for adults looking for a career change. The high-schoolers get the same curriculum, but“we try to gear lessons toward things theyre interested in,”said Victoria Fridman, an instructor. For instance, one of the apps the students are developing