初一上冊(cè)英語語法歸納

1、初一上冊(cè)英語語法總結(jié)一、動(dòng)詞beis,am,are的用法：口訣：我(I)用am, 你(you)用are，is跟著他(he)，她(she)，它(it)。單數(shù)名詞用is，復(fù)數(shù)名詞全用are。變否認(rèn)，更容易，be后not加上去。變疑問，往前提，句末問號(hào)莫丟棄。還有一條須注意，句首大寫莫忘記。u be動(dòng)詞包括“am, “is, “are三種形式。1第一人稱單數(shù)(I)配合am來用。句型解析析：I am+例：I am a student . I am a boy.2第二人稱(You)配合are使用。句型解析：You are+ 例：You are my good friend. You are a good

2、 person.3第三人稱單數(shù)(He or She or It)配合is使用。句型解析：She(He, It) is + 例：She is a good girl. It is so big.4人稱復(fù)數(shù) (we /you/they)配合are使用。句型解析：We (You, They) are + 5We are in Class 5,Grade 7. You are good students.注意：1、使用be動(dòng)詞的時(shí)候，前面要先加上人稱。be動(dòng)詞前面的人稱，是不可隨意替換的。例如：I am, You are, She is，并不會(huì)出現(xiàn)I is, You am, She are 這樣的情形

3、。2、當(dāng)只有第一人稱和第二人稱或第三人稱時(shí)應(yīng)該把第二人稱或第三人稱放在前例如:you and I, Tom and I 當(dāng)?shù)诙朔Q和第三人稱放在一起時(shí)把第二人稱放在前面，例如：you and Tom 當(dāng)三者都有時(shí)，排序?yàn)椋? 3 1練習(xí)：Where _ Ann ？ She _ here. How old _ you ？ I _ thirteen. _ you Mr Read？ Yes, I _.What _ your name？ My name _ Ann.二、 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞Can 1 、can作“能、會(huì)解，否認(rèn)式是cannot，縮寫為cant。 “can+動(dòng)詞原形 “cant+動(dòng)詞原形 ：表示某

4、人能做或不能做某事Can 是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。Can 表示的能力為現(xiàn)在的能力，而不是過去或?qū)淼哪芰Α?).表示能力。例如： Can you write in English? Yes, I can. I can run fast,can you? 2).表示獲得的知識(shí)或技能。例如： Can she speak Japanese? No, she cant.她會(huì)說日語嗎？不，她不會(huì)。 3).表示許可。例如： Can I read your newspaper?我能看看你的報(bào)紙嗎？ Can I take you home?我送你回家行嗎？ We cant wear jeans at

5、work.我們上班時(shí)不準(zhǔn)穿牛仔褲。 4). 表示要求。例如： Can you help me with this box?你能幫我弄這個(gè)箱子嗎？ Can you feed the cat?你喂喂貓好嗎？ 5). 表示可能性。例如： That cant be Maryshes in hospital.那不可能是瑪麗她住院了。 He cant have slept through all that noise.那么吵他不可能睡得著覺。 Theres someone outsidewho can it be?外面有人會(huì)是誰呢？ 6).用以提出建議。例如： We can eat in a restau

6、rant, if you like.你愿意的話，咱們可以在飯館吃飯。 I can take the car if necessary.必要時(shí)我可以開車去。2、 句式變化如下： 1. 在變否認(rèn)句時(shí)，直接在can后加上“not,可縮寫成cant或cannot, 但不能寫成cannt。例如： He can swim. He cant swim. Emma can see the pen on the desk. Emma cannot see the pen on the desk. 2. 在變一般疑問句時(shí)，直接移到主語前原主語的首字母改成小寫，第一人稱應(yīng)變?yōu)榈诙朔Q即可。例如： I can see

7、 an orange on the table. Can you see an orange on the table? 其答復(fù)可用Yes, OK或Certainly等作肯定答復(fù)；用No或Sorry等作否認(rèn)答復(fù)。例如： Can you look after my books, please? 你能照看一下我的書嗎？ OK. 可以。 用Certainly答復(fù)。此時(shí)語氣更為肯定。例如： Can I see your guitar? 我能看看你的吉它嗎？ Certainly. 當(dāng)然可以。 練習(xí)：1 -Can you speak Japanese? -No, I_.A. mustn't B.

8、can't C. needn't D. may not2、I can play basketball.變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧?，并作答?fù) Play basketball？Yes， .No, .三、“there be句型1There be句型主要用以表達(dá)“某處某時(shí)有某人某物。根本結(jié)構(gòu)為“There be某物某人某地某時(shí)其中there是引導(dǎo)詞，沒有詞義；主語是be后面的名詞， be是謂語動(dòng)詞，在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中be只用is和are兩種形式。2There be句型中的be動(dòng)詞如何確定呢？請(qǐng)先看看下面這首歌訣：Be動(dòng)詞，有三個(gè)，am，is還有are?！癟here be真特別，不留am只留倆，那就是i

9、s還有are。要用is還是are，須看其后的名詞是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。假設(shè)是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞用is，否那么就用are。如：There is a tree behind the house.There is some water水in the bottle瓶子.There are some pears in the box.(3)注意：如果“be后的主語是由and連接的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的名詞，那么be的形式要遵循“遠(yuǎn)親不如近鄰的原那么。也就是說，“be的形式是由與它最近的那個(gè)名詞來確定的。假設(shè)那個(gè)名詞是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞要用is，是復(fù)數(shù)就用are。如：There is a book and some pe

10、ns on the floor.There are some pens and a book on the floor.4There be句型的三種句式1） 否認(rèn)句There be句型的否認(rèn)式的構(gòu)成和含有be動(dòng)詞的其它句型一樣，在be后加上not即可。例如：There are some pictures on the wall. There aren't any pictures on the wall. There is a bike behind the tree. There isn't a bike behind the tree.2一般疑問句There be句型的一般

11、疑問句變化是把be動(dòng)詞調(diào)整到句首，再在句尾加上問號(hào)即可。但同時(shí)要注意：當(dāng)肯定句中有some時(shí)，要將其改為any否認(rèn)變化也一樣。例如：There is some water on Mars. Is there any water on Mars?There are some fish in the water. Are there any fish in the water?練習(xí)：1、1There _ a bed and a big wardrobe with a mirror  Aar

12、e Bwere Cwas Dbe 2、There are some children in the garden.(變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧浜头裾J(rèn)句) there children in the garden？ There children in the garden.四、冠詞 a 與 an 的用法a 與 an表示“一個(gè)。a 用在輔音音素開頭的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前；an用在以元音音素開頭的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前。例如: an apple a CD練習(xí)：(1)There is “Uin the word.A a B an C the D/(2)This is pen. pen i

13、s green.A a;The B a; / C the ;/ D the;The(3)Do you have basketball? Lets play basketball. A an;a B a;a C /;/ D a; /(4)I have apple. A a B an C much D many(5)“Whats this in English ?“Its orange. A a B the C an D /(6)It takes me hour to school every day. A a B an C the D /(7)-Do you have eraser? -Yes,

14、 I have. A an B a C the D /五、指示代詞的形式與用法英語中的指示代詞主要的有this(這個(gè)), that(那個(gè)), these(這些), those(那些)，其中this和that為單數(shù)，these和those為復(fù)數(shù)；this和these為近指，that和those為遠(yuǎn)指。例句:This is a very useful book. 這是一本很有用的書。I dont like that man. 我喜歡那個(gè)人。I like these and he likes those. 我喜歡這些，他喜歡那些?！咀ⅰ吭诖?時(shí)，通常用 this 指自己，用 that 指對(duì)方：例句:

15、Hello. This is Mary. Is that Jim? 喂，我是瑪麗，你是吉姆嗎?練習(xí)：一、填空1. I like _ pants. _ pants are red.(這些)2. I dont like _ shoes. _shoes are too small.(那些)3. I want _(這個(gè)) sweater. I dont want_那個(gè) sweater._ 那個(gè)is too big.二、選擇。 1. _ pen is red. _ pencil is green.A. this, that     B. These, Those

16、C. That, Those    D. This, That 2. Is _ a panda over there?A. this        B. that       C. those       D. these 3. _two boys are Mr. Greens sons.A. This      B. These 

17、60;    C. That      D. those 4. _ two girls are Mary and Linda.A. This      B. They       C. That      D. Those 5. _is Mr. White and _ is my father.A. This,those   &

18、#160; B. That,these    C. These,these    D. This,this六、名詞所有格1、單數(shù)名詞后直接加 “ s Jims coat 吉姆的外套 Jeffs mother杰夫的媽媽2、以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，只加“Teachers Day教師節(jié) the twins books雙胞胎的書3、不以s結(jié)尾的不規(guī)那么的名詞復(fù)數(shù)，加“ s Childrens Day 兒童節(jié) mens shoes男式鞋4、表示兩者共同擁有時(shí)，只在最后一個(gè)名詞后加s 表示兩者各自擁有時(shí)，要在每個(gè)名詞后加s Lucy and Lilys mot

19、her 露茜和莉莉的媽媽(共同的媽媽，一個(gè)媽媽) Lucys and Kates rooms 露茜和凱特的房間各自的房間，兩間房子練習(xí)：1、The girl talking to Mary is a friend of _.A. Marys sister B. Mary sistersC. Marys sisters D. Sister of Marys2、The woman over there is _ mother.A. Julia and ShelleysB. Julias and ShelleysC. Julia and ShelleyD. Julias and Shelley3.

20、He is very tired. He needs _.A. a night rest B. a rest nightC. a nights rest D. a rest of night4 This is my dress. That one is _.A. Mary B. MarysC. sister D. mother5、 The is just around the corner and you wont miss it.A. bicycles shop B. bicycle shopC. bicycles shop D. bicyclesshop七、名詞的數(shù)可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和

21、復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。指一個(gè)人或一件事物時(shí)，用單數(shù)形式；指兩個(gè)或多個(gè)人或事物時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。名詞由單數(shù)形式變成復(fù)數(shù)形式的規(guī)那么如下：1. 一般的名詞詞尾直接加-s 。如：book books room roomshouse houses day days2. 以s,ss, ch,sh, x 結(jié)尾的名詞，在詞尾加-es 。如：bus buses glass glasseswatch watchesdish dishes box boxes3. 以"輔音字母+y"結(jié)尾的名詞，要先將y改為i再加-es。如：city cities body bodiesfactory factories等等

22、。4. 以f 或fe 結(jié)尾的名詞，要將f或fe改為v再加-es。如：half halves leaf leavesknife knives wife wives5. 特例 child children man men woman womenpoliceman policemen規(guī)律：man men tomato tomatoespotato potatoes初中英語以o 結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)只有這兩個(gè)詞加-es，其余的當(dāng)然加-s foot feet tooth teeth sheep, Chinese, Japanese單、復(fù)數(shù)同形 people單數(shù)形式表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，要求謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；peop

23、le的復(fù)數(shù)形式peoples通常指“多個(gè)民族。不可數(shù)名詞1. 不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)，當(dāng)它作句子的主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如：The food is very fresh.食品很新鮮。2. 有的不可數(shù)名詞也可以作可數(shù)名詞，有復(fù)數(shù)形式，但他們的意義往往發(fā)生變化。如：water 水 waters 水域orange 橘汁 oranges 橘子3. 很多的不可數(shù)名詞表示泛指時(shí)為不可數(shù)，表示種類時(shí)就可數(shù)，但意義大多不發(fā)生變化。如：fruit fruits food foodsfish fishes hair hairs初一上冊(cè)不可數(shù)名詞歸納：news bread milk wheat beer jui

24、ce salt soup information coke work time meat pork fish water hair tea coffee oil beef chicken rice food orange注意：可數(shù)名詞表示復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí)可用many、具體的數(shù)詞等來修飾。如：many apples，a lot of tomatoes，a few pens     不可數(shù)名詞那么要用much、a little等詞修飾。如：much meat，a little bread，little water   這兩類名詞都可以被some

25、、any、a lot of lost of 等修飾。如：some eggs/paper紙。 句子單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)，注意以下五要素(1)主格人稱代詞要變成相應(yīng)的復(fù)數(shù)主格人稱代詞,即Iwe, youyou，she,he,it they。She is a girl. They are girls.(2)am，is要變?yōu)閍re。如：Im a student. We are students.(3)不定冠詞a，an要去掉。如：He is a boy. They are boys.(4)普通單數(shù)名詞要變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式。如：It is an apple. They are apples.(5)指示代詞this，tha

26、t要變?yōu)閠hese，those。如：This is a box. These are boxes.練習(xí)：選擇填空：1The deer has four _.  A. foot    B. feet    C. feets    D. foots2Her two brothers are both _.  A. policeman    B. policemans    C. policemen   

27、; D. policemens3There are four _ and two _ in the group.  A. Japanese, Germen    B. Japaneses, Germen    C. Japanese, Germans4Two _ would come to the village.  A. woman-doctors    B. women doctor    C. women doctors  

28、60; D. woman doctors5Can you see nine _ in the picture?  A. sheep    B. dog    C. pig    D. horse6The _ has two _.  A. boys, watches    B. boy, watch    C. boy, watches    D. boys, watch7The boy often

29、 brushes his _ before he goes to bed.  A. tooth    B. tooths    C. teeth    D. teeths8The Japanese _ will not leave China until she finishes her study.  A. woman    B. women    C. man    D. men9There

30、are lots of _ in the basket on the table.  A. tomatos    B. tomato    C. tomatoes    D. tomatoss10. The cat caught two _ last night.  A. mouses    B. mice    C. mouse    D. mices八、人稱代詞數(shù)主格賓格形容詞性物主代詞名詞性

31、物主代詞第一人稱單數(shù)Imemymine復(fù)數(shù)weusourours第二人稱單數(shù)youyouyouryours復(fù)數(shù)youyouyouryours第三人稱單數(shù)hehimhishissheherherhersitititsits復(fù)數(shù)theythemtheirtheirs1人稱代詞的主格在句子中作主語，用于動(dòng)詞之前,例如：He gets up at 6oclock every day.他每天六點(diǎn)起床。 2人稱代詞的賓格在句子中作賓語或介詞賓語,用于動(dòng)詞/介詞之后,例如：例:1.I see her with them.我看到她和他們?cè)谝黄?。her做賓語 them做介詞賓語.2. Lis

32、ten to me , Dad .      3. Peter is sitting behind me .      4. Let me go there now .      5. Give me an orange , please . 3you既是"你"或"你們"的主格，又是它們的賓格；her既是"她"的所有格，又是它的賓格。我們可以根據(jù)它

33、們?cè)诰渥又械奈恢脕砼袛嗨鼈儗儆谥鞲?、所有格還是賓格。 4and是一個(gè)我們常用來連接兩個(gè)詞的連接詞。它雖然與介詞with有同樣的意思，但它的前后可以是人稱代詞的主語，也可以是人稱代詞的賓格，而with只能跟人稱代詞的賓格。 如：You and I are going to school . You are going to school with me .)5人稱代詞在句中的作用1)主格作主語。如：I am Chinese.我是中國(guó)人。2)賓格作賓語，放在及物動(dòng)詞或介詞之后，有時(shí)還可以在口語中用作表語。如：I don't know her.我不認(rèn)識(shí)她。(動(dòng)詞

34、賓語)What's wrong with it?它怎么了？(介詞賓語)-Open the door, please. It's me.請(qǐng)開門，是我。(表語)6人稱代詞并列用法的排列順序1單數(shù)人稱代詞并列作主語時(shí)，其順序?yàn)椋旱诙朔Q->第三人稱->第一人稱 即：you and I; he/she/it and I; you, he/she/it and I2復(fù)數(shù)人稱代詞作主語時(shí)，其順序?yàn)椋旱谝蝗朔Q->第二人稱->第三人稱即：we and you;   you and they;     

35、  we，you and they 練習(xí)：一、選擇題： 1. She is a student， _ name is Julia.     A. its B. her C. hers D. his2. Could you help _ with _ English， please.     A. I，my B. me，me C. me， my D. my，I3. A friend of _ came here yesterday.     A.

36、my B. his C. him D. himself4. _ pencil-box is beautiful. But _ is more beautiful than _.     A. Toms， my， he B. Tom's， mine， his C. Tom's， mine， him D. Tom's， my， his5. Most of _like Chinese food.      A. they B. Their C. Them D. theirs6. Don't

37、 you let _ help you ？     A. I and my friend B. my friend and I   C. my friend and me D. my friend and I to7. How hard_ works！    A. we B. him C. he D. his8. _ have been chosen.   A.I，you and he B. He，you and I C. You，he and I D.You，an

38、d me9. She gave the erasers to Lucy and _ .    A. I B. me C. my D. mine二、用適當(dāng)?shù)娜朔Q代詞和物主代詞填空 1. Your football clothes are on the desk. Please put _(they，them，their，theirs) away. 2. (We，Us，Our，Ours)_ English teacher is Mrs. Green. We all like _(she，her，hers). 3. (I，Me，My，Mine)_ can't g

39、et my kite. Could you help _(I，me，my，mine)? 4. Tom can't get down from the tree. Can you help _(he，him，his)? 5. Her kite is broken. Can _(you，your，yours) mend it? 6. We can't find our bikes. Can you help _(we，us，our，ours)? 7. These are _(he，him，his) planes. The white ones are _(I，me，mine). 九

40、、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：1構(gòu)成：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成主要有兩種形式： 1be型：句子的謂語動(dòng)詞只有beam，is或are 肯定句中，只出現(xiàn)be， eg： I am a student 否認(rèn)句中，要在be后面加not， eg：She isn't a teacher 一般疑問句，要將be放在句子開頭注意句首字母大寫，句尾用問號(hào)，答語用Yes，主語 + be或No，主語 + be + noteg： Are you ready？Yes，I am No，I'm not 2實(shí)義動(dòng)詞型：句中的謂語動(dòng)詞為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞也叫行為動(dòng)詞 a肯定句中，只出現(xiàn)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞， eg： I get up at 6 in the m

41、orningShe gets up at 6 in the morning b否認(rèn)句中，要在實(shí)義動(dòng)詞前面加dodoesnot，dodoes作助動(dòng)詞，本身無意義，常與not縮寫成don'tdoesn't eg： I don't like vegetablesHe doesnt like vegetables 一般疑問句，要在句子開頭加助動(dòng)詞DoDoes，句尾用問號(hào)，簡(jiǎn)略答語用Yes，主語 + dodoes或No，主語 + dodoes noteg： Do you like oranges？Yes，I doNo，I don't. Does he like orang

42、es? Yes, he does. No, he doesnt.2、用法：1) 它表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。e.g. I go to school on foot. He is very busy now. 2)表示主語的特征、性格、能力、愛好等。e.g. He can swim. I work hard. I like watching TV. 3)表示客觀真理，表示格言或警句中e.g. There are seven days in a week. The moon moves round the earth.4與之搭配的時(shí)間狀語為often、 usually、 always、

43、 sometimes等頻率副詞，on Saturdays、 in the morning(afternoon evening) 、every day 等。3.第三人稱單數(shù) 在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，如果主語是第三人稱單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞要有相應(yīng)的變化.A.一般情況加s，例如：looks, listens, visits；B.以ch, sh, s, x和少數(shù)以o結(jié)尾的詞，加-es，例如：teaches, washes, guesses, goes, doesC.輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，變y為i加-es，例如：carry-carries, study-studies D元音字母加y結(jié)尾，直接加s 例如：stay-stays，pay-pays練習(xí)：一用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1. We often_(play) in the playground.2. He_(get) up