全新版大學(xué)英語綜合教程第一冊（第二版）課文A原文與譯文

1、Unit 1When we are writing we are often told to keep our readers in mind, to shape what we say to fit their tastes and interests. But there is one reader in particular who should not be forgotten. Can you guess who? Russell Baker surprised himself and everyone else when he discovered the answer. 我們寫作

2、時常常被告誡，腦子里要有讀者，筆者所云一定要符合讀者的口味和興趣。但有一位讀者特別不該忘記。你能猜出是誰嗎？當(dāng)拉塞爾·貝克找到這個問題的答案時，他自己和別人都感到大為驚訝。 Writing for MyselfRussell Baker 1 The idea of becoming a writer had come to me off and on since my childhood in Belleville, but it wasn't until my third year in high school that the possibility took hold.

3、 Until then I've been bored by everything associated with English courses. I found English grammar dull and difficult. I hated the assignments to turn out long, lifeless paragraphs that were agony for teachers to read and for me to write. 為自己而寫拉塞爾·貝克 從孩提時代，我還住在貝爾維爾時，我的腦子里就斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地轉(zhuǎn)著當(dāng)作家的念頭，但直等到

4、我高中三年級，這一想法才有了實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能。在這之前，我對所有跟英文課沾邊的事都感到膩味。我覺得英文語法枯燥難懂。我痛恨那些長而乏味的段落寫作，老師讀著受累，我寫著痛苦。 2 When our class was assigned to Mr. Fleagle for third-year English I anticipated another cheerless year in that most tedious of subjects. Mr. Fleagle had a reputation among students for dullness and inability to ins

5、pire. He was said to be very formal, rigid and hopelessly out of date. To me he looked to be sixty or seventy and excessively prim. He wore primly severe eyeglasses, his wavy hair was primly cut and primly combed. He wore prim suits with neckties set primly against the collar buttons of his white sh

6、irts. He had a primly pointed jaw, a primly straight nose, and a prim manner of speaking that was so correct, so gentlemanly, that he seemed a comic antique. 弗利格爾先生接我們的高三英文課時，我就準(zhǔn)備著在這門最最單調(diào)乏味的課上再熬上沉悶的一年。弗利格爾先生在學(xué)生中以其說話干巴和激勵學(xué)生無術(shù)而出名。據(jù)說他拘謹(jǐn)刻板，完全落后于時代。我看他有六七十歲了，古板之極。他戴著古板的毫無裝飾的眼鏡，微微卷曲的頭發(fā)剪得筆齊，梳得紋絲不亂。他身穿古板的套裝

7、，領(lǐng)帶端端正正地頂著白襯衣的領(lǐng)扣。他長著古板的尖下巴，古板的直鼻梁，說起話來一本正經(jīng)，字斟句酌，彬彬有禮，活脫脫一個滑稽的老古董。 3 I prepared for an unfruitful year with Mr. Fleagle and for a long time was not disappointed. Late in the year we tackled the informal essay. Mr. Fleagle distributed a homework sheet offering us a choice of topics. None was quite so

8、simple-minded as "What I Did on My Summer Vacation," but most seemed to be almost as dull. I took the list home and did nothing until the night before the essay was due. Lying on the sofa, I finally faced up to the unwelcome task, took the list out of my notebook, and scanned it. The topic

9、 on which my eye stopped was "The Art of Eating Spaghetti." 我作好準(zhǔn)備，打算在弗利格爾先生的班上一無所獲地混上一年，不少日子過去了，還真不出所料。后半學(xué)期我們學(xué)寫隨筆小品文。弗利格爾先生發(fā)下一張家庭作業(yè)紙，出了不少題目供我們選擇。像"暑假二三事"那樣傻乎乎的題目倒是一個也沒有，但絕大多數(shù)一樣乏味。我把作文題帶回家，一直沒寫，直到要交作業(yè)的前一天晚上。我躺在沙發(fā)上，最終不得不面對這一討厭的功課，便從筆記本里抽出作文題目單粗粗一看。我的目光落在"吃意大利細(xì)面條的藝術(shù)"這個題目上。

10、 4 This title produced an extraordinary sequence of mental images. Vivid memories came flooding back of a night in Belleville when all of us were seated around the supper table Uncle Allen, my mother, Uncle Charlie, Doris, Uncle Hal and Aunt Pat served spaghetti for supper. Spaghetti was still a lit

11、tle known foreign dish in those days. Neither Doris nor I had ever eaten spaghetti, and none of the adults had enough experience to be good at it. All the good humor of Uncle Allen's house reawoke in my mind as I recalled the laughing arguments we had that night about the socially respectable me

12、thod for moving spaghetti from plate to mouth. 這個題目在我腦海里喚起了一連串不同尋常的圖像。貝爾維爾之夜的清晰的回憶如潮水一般涌來，當(dāng)時，我們大家一起圍坐在晚餐桌旁 艾倫舅舅、我母親、查理舅舅、多麗絲、哈爾舅舅 帕特舅媽晚飯做的是意大利細(xì)面條。那時意大利細(xì)面條還是很少聽說的異國食品。多麗絲和我都還從來沒吃過，在座的大人也是經(jīng)驗(yàn)不足，沒有一個吃起來得心應(yīng)手的。艾倫舅舅家詼諧有趣的場景全都重現(xiàn)在我的腦海中，我回想起來，當(dāng)晚我們笑作一團(tuán)，爭論著該如何地把面條從盤子上送到嘴里才算合乎禮儀。 5 Suddenly I wanted to write abo

13、ut that, about the warmth and good feeling of it, but I wanted to put it down simply for my own joy, not for Mr. Fleagle. It was a moment I wanted to recapture and hold for myself. I wanted to relive the pleasure of that evening. To write it as I wanted, however, would violate all the rules of forma

14、l composition I'd learned in school, and Mr. Fleagle would surely give it a failing grade. Never mind. I would write something else for Mr. Fleagle after I had written this thing for myself. 突然我就想描述那一切，描述當(dāng)時那種溫馨美好的氣氛，但我把它寫下來僅僅是想自得其樂，而不是為弗利格爾先生而寫。那是我想重新捕捉并珍藏在心中的一個時刻。我想重溫那個夜晚的愉快。然而，照我希望的那樣去寫，就會違反我在

15、學(xué)校里學(xué)的正式作文的種種法則，弗利格爾先生也肯定會打它一個不及格。沒關(guān)系。等我為自己寫好了之后，我可以再為弗利格爾先生寫點(diǎn)什么別的東西。 6 When I finished it the night was half gone and there was no time left to compose a proper, respectable essay for Mr. Fleagle. There was no choice next morning but to turn in my tale of the Belleville supper. Two days passed befor

16、e Mr. Fleagle returned the graded papers, and he returned everyone's but mine. I was preparing myself for a command to report to Mr. Fleagle immediately after school for discipline when I saw him lift my paper from his desk and knock for the class's attention. 等我寫完時已是半夜時分，再沒時間為弗利格爾先生寫一篇循規(guī)蹈矩、

17、像模像樣的文章了。第二天上午，我別無選擇，只好把我為自己而寫的貝爾維爾晚餐的故事交了上去。兩天后弗利格爾先生發(fā)還批改過的作文，他把別人的都發(fā)了，就是沒有我的。我正準(zhǔn)備著遵命一放學(xué)就去弗利格爾先生那兒挨訓(xùn)，卻看見他從桌上拿起我的作文，敲了敲桌子讓大家注意聽。 7 "Now, boys," he said. "I want to read you an essay. This is titled, 'The Art of Eating Spaghetti.'" "好了，孩子們，"他說。"我要給你們念一篇小品文。文

18、章的題目是：吃意大利細(xì)面條的藝術(shù)。" 8 And he started to read. My words! He was reading my words out loud to the entire class. What's more, the entire class was listening. Listening attentively. Then somebody laughed, then the entire class was laughing, and not in contempt and ridicule, but with open-hearted

19、 enjoyment. Even Mr. Fleagle stopped two or three times to hold back a small prim smile. 于是他開始念了。是我寫的！他給全班大聲念我寫的文章。更不可思議的是，全班同學(xué)都在聽著他念，而且聽得很專心。有人笑出聲來，接著全班都笑了，不是輕蔑嘲弄，而是樂乎乎地開懷大笑。就連弗利格爾先生也停頓了兩三次，好抑制他那一絲拘謹(jǐn)?shù)奈⑿Α?9 I did my best to avoid showing pleasure, but what I was feeling was pure delight at this demo

20、nstration that my words had the power to make people laugh. In the eleventh grade, at the eleventh hour as it were, I had discovered a calling. It was the happiest moment of my entire school career. When Mr. Fleagle finished he put the final seal on my happiness by saying, "Now that, boys, is a

21、n essay, don't you see. It's don't you see it's of the very essence of the essay, don't you see. Congratulations, Mr. Baker." 我盡力不流露出得意的心情，但是看到我寫的文章竟然能使別人大笑，我真是心花怒放。就在十一年級，可謂是最后的時刻，我找到了一個今生想做的事。這是我整個求學(xué)生涯中最幸福的一刻。弗利格爾先生念完后說道："瞧，孩子們，這就是小品文，懂了沒有。這才是 知道嗎 這才是小品文的精髓，知道了沒有。祝賀你，

22、貝克先生。"他這番話使我沉浸在十全十美的幸福之中。 Unit 2 All the Cabbie Had Was a LetterFoster Furcolo1 He must have been completely lost in something he was reading because I had to tap on the windshield to get his attention. 出租車司機(jī)擁有的就剩一封信福斯特?弗克洛 他準(zhǔn)是完全沉浸在所讀的東西里了，因?yàn)槲也坏貌磺脫躏L(fēng)玻璃來引起他的注意。 2 "Is your cab available?"

23、; I asked when he finally looked up at me. He nodded, then said apologetically as I settled into the back seat, "I'm sorry, but I was reading a letter." He sounded as if he had a cold or something. 他總算抬頭看我了?！澳愠鲕噯?？”我問道。他點(diǎn)點(diǎn)頭，當(dāng)我坐進(jìn)后座時，他抱歉地說：“對不起，我在讀一封信?！甭犐先ニ袷堑昧烁忻笆裁吹摹?3 "I'm in no

24、 hurry," I told him. "Go ahead and finish your letter." “我不著急，”我對他說，“你接著把信讀完吧?！?4 He shook his head. "I've read it several times already. I guess I almost know it by heart." 他搖了搖頭?！拔乙呀?jīng)讀了好幾遍了。我想我都能背出來了。” 5 "Letters from home always mean a lot," I said. " At

25、 least they do with me because I'm on the road so much." Then, estimating that he was 60 or 70 years old, I guessed: "From a child or maybe a grandchild?" “家書抵萬金啊，”我說?！爸辽賹ξ襾碚f是這樣，因?yàn)槲依鲜窃谕饴眯小！蔽夜懒克辛呤畾q了，便猜測說：“是孩子還是孫子寫來的？” 6 " This isn't family," he replied. "Althou

26、gh," he went on, " come to think of it, it might just as well have been family. Old Ed was my oldest friend. In fact, we used to call each other 'Old Friend' when we'd meet, that is. I'm not much of a hand at writing." “不是家里人，”他回答說?！安贿^，”他接著說，“想起來，也可以算是一家人了。埃德老伙計(jì)是我最老的朋友

27、了。實(shí)際上，過去我倆總是以老朋友相稱的 就是說，當(dāng)我倆相見時。我這人就是不大會寫東西?！?7 "I don't think any of us keep up our correspondence too well," I said. "I know I don't. But I take it he's someone you've known quite a while?" “我看大家寫信都不那么勤快，”我說，“我自己筆頭就很懶。我看，你認(rèn)識他挺久了吧？” 8 "All my life, practicall

28、y. We were kids together, so we go way back." “差不多認(rèn)識了一輩子了。我倆小時候就一起玩，所以我倆的友誼確實(shí)很長了。” 9 " Went to school together?" “一起上的學(xué)？” 10 "All the way through high school. We were in the same class, in fact, through both grade and high school." “都一起上到高中呢。事實(shí)上，我倆從小學(xué)到高中都在一個班里。” 11 "The

29、re are not too many people who've had such a long friendship," I said. “保持這么長久友誼的人可真不多見啊，”我說。 12 "Actually," the driver went on, "I hadn't seen him more than once or twice a year over the past 25 or 30 years because I moved away from the old neighborhood and you kind of l

30、ose touch even though you never forget. He was a great guy." “其實(shí)呢，”司機(jī)接著說，“近25到30年來，我跟他一年只見一兩次面，因?yàn)槲覐脑瓉碜〉睦辖址话崃顺鰜恚?lián)系自然就少了，雖說你一直放在心上。他在的時候可真是個大好人?！?13 "You said 'was'. Does that mean ?" “你剛才說他在的時候。你是說 ？” 14 He nodded. "Died a couple of weeks ago." 他點(diǎn)了點(diǎn)頭?！扒皟蓚€星期過世啦?！?15 &q

31、uot;I'm sorry," I said. "It's no fun to lose any friend and losing a real old one is even tougher." “真遺憾，”我說，“失去朋友真不是個滋味，失去個真正的老朋友更讓人受不了?！?16 He didn't reply to that, and we rode on in silence for a few minutes. But I realized that Old Ed was still on his mind when he spok

32、e again, almost more to himself than to me: "I should have kept in touch. Yes," he repeated, "I should have kept in touch." 他開著車，沒有接話兒。 我們沉默了幾分鐘?？晌抑浪€在想著老埃德。他又開口時，與其說是跟我說話，還不如說是自言自語：“我真該一直保持聯(lián)系。真的，”他重復(fù)道，“我真該一直保持聯(lián)系?！?17 "well," I agreed, "We should all keep in touch

33、 with old friends more than we do. But things come up and we just don't seem to find the time." “是啊，”我表示贊同，“我們都該與老朋友保持更多的聯(lián)系。不過總是有事情冒出來，好像就是抽不出空來?！?18 He shrugged. "We used to find the time," he said. "That's even mentioned in the letter." He handed it over to me. &qu

34、ot;Take a look." 他聳了聳肩?！拔覀冞^去總能抽出空來，”他說?！靶爬镞€提到呢?！彼研胚f給我，“你看看吧?！?19 "Thanks," I said, "but I don't want to read your mail. That's pretty personal." “謝謝你，”我說，“不過我不想讀你的信。這純屬私事?！?20 The driver shrugged. "Old Ed's dead. There's nothing personal now. Go ahead,&

35、quot; he urged me. 司機(jī)聳一聳肩?！袄习５氯硕妓懒?。沒什么私事不私事了。念吧，”他催促說。 21 The letter was written in pencil. It began with the greeting "Old Friend,"and the first sentence reminded me of myself. I've been meaning to write for some time, but I've always postponed it. It then went on to say that he o

36、ften thought about the good times they had had together when they both lived in the same neighborhood. It had references to things that probably meant something to the driver, such as the time Tim Shea broke the window, the Halloween that we tied Old Mr. Parker's gate, and when Mrs. Culver used

37、to keep us after school. 信是用鉛筆寫的。稱呼寫著“老朋友”，而開頭第一句話讓我想到自己?！霸缇拖雽懶帕?，可就是一拖再拖?！?信里接著寫道，他常?；叵霃那皟扇俗≡谝粋€街坊時的快樂時光。信里提到些事，可能對司機(jī)很重要，比如“那次蒂姆?謝打破窗子，那年萬圣節(jié)前夕，我們把老帕克先生的大門拴了起來，還有卡爾弗太太老是在放學(xué)后把咱倆留下訓(xùn)斥的那陣子”。 22 "You must have spent a lot of time together," I said to him. “你們倆準(zhǔn)是在一起度過了不少時光，”我對他說。 23 "Like it

38、says there," he answered, "about all we had to spend in those days was time." He shook his head: "Time." “就跟信里寫的那樣，”他回答說，“我倆在那個時候能花的只有時間?！彼麚u頭嘆道：“時間啊?！?24 I thought the next paragraph of the letter was a little sad: I began the letter with "Old Friend" because that&

39、#39;s what we've become over the years old friends. And there aren't many of us left. 信里接下來的那段我覺得有點(diǎn)凄涼：“信的開頭我寫著老朋友，因?yàn)檫@么多年來，我們這對老朋友漸漸都老了。我們這些人當(dāng)中留下的也不多了。” 25 "You know," I said to him, "When it says here that there aren't many of us left, that's absolutely right. Every ti

40、me I go to a class reunion, for example, there are fewer and fewer still around." “你要知道，”我對他說，“信里說我們這些人當(dāng)中留下的不多了，說得一點(diǎn)不錯。比如說，每次我去參加老同學(xué)聚會，來的人總是越來越少。” 26 "Time goes by," the driver said. “時間不饒人啊，”司機(jī)說。 27 "Did you two work at the same place?" I asked him. “你們倆以前在一起工作嗎？”我問他。 28 &q

41、uot;No, but we hung out on the same corner when we were single. And then, when we were married, we used to go to each other's house every now and then. But for the last 20 or 30 years it's been mostly just Christmas cards. Of course there'd be always a note we'd each add to the cards

42、 usually some news about our families, you know, what the kids were doing, who moved where, a new grandchild, things like that but never a real letter or anything like that." “不，不過沒成家時我倆總在一起閑蕩。后來，兩人都成了家，就不時相互串門?？勺罱@二三十年來，主要就是寄寄圣誕卡了。當(dāng)然，我倆都總在卡上寫幾句 通常是關(guān)于各自家里的情況，不是嗎，孩子們在干些什么，誰搬到哪兒，添了個小孫子，都是這類事 可一直都

43、沒正兒八經(jīng)地寫過信什么的?！?29 "This is a good part here," I said. "Where it says Your friendship over the years has meant an awful lot to me, more than I can say because I'm not good at saying things like that."I found myself nodding in agreement. "That must have made you feel good,

44、 didn't it?" “這一處寫得好，”我說，“這里寫道：你多年的友誼對我非常重要，遠(yuǎn)比我能說出來的重要得多，因?yàn)槲也簧瞄L說這樣的話?！蔽翌h首稱是?！斑@話準(zhǔn)讓你聽著開心，是吧？” 30 The driver said something that I couldn't understand because he seemed to be all choked up, so I continued: "I know I'd like to receive a letter like that from my oldest friend."

45、 司機(jī)說了句什么，可我沒聽明白，因?yàn)樗坪踹煲脜柡ΑＳ谑俏医又f：“我也真想收到這樣一封老朋友的來信?！?31 We were getting close to our destination so I skipped to the last paragraph. So I thought you'd like to know that I was thinking of you. And it was signed, Your Old Friend, Tom. 我們快到目的地了，于是我跳到最后一段?！耙虼宋蚁肽阋欢ㄏ胫牢业胗浿恪！毙拍┦鹈?“老朋友湯姆”。 32 I hand

46、ed back the letter as we stopped at my hotel. "Enjoyed talking with you,"I said as I took my suitcase out of the cab. Tom? The letter was signed Tom? 我們在我的旅店前停下，我把信遞了回去?！昂芨吲d能和你聊聊，”我將衣箱從車上提下時說。湯姆？信的署名是湯姆？ 33 "I thought your friend's name was Ed," I said. "Why did he sign

47、it Tom?" “我記得你朋友叫埃德，”我說，“為什么他署名湯姆呢？”34 "The letter was not from Ed to me," he explained. "I'm Tom. It's a letter I wrote to him before I knew he'd died. So I never mailed it." “這封信不是湯姆寫給我的，”他解釋說，“我是湯姆。這是我在得知他去世前寫給他的信。所以我一直沒寄出?！?35 He looked sort of sorrowful, or

48、as if he were trying to see something in the distance. "I guess I should have written it sooner." 他神情有點(diǎn)悲傷，似乎想看清遠(yuǎn)處什么東西?！拔蚁胛艺嬖撛缧戇@封信?！?36 When I got to my hotel room I didn't unpack right away. First I had to write a letter and mail it. 我進(jìn)了旅館房間之后，沒有馬上打開箱包。首先我得寫封信 而且要寄出去。Professor Hawking

49、 thinks it important to keep everybody in touch with what science is about. In this article he explains why. 霍金教授認(rèn)為使每個人都了解科學(xué)是干什么的非常重要。在這篇文章中，他對其中的緣由作了解釋。 Public Attitudes Toward ScienceStephen Hawking1 Whether we like it or not, the world we live in has changed a great deal in the last hundred years

50、, and it is likely to change even more in the next hundred. Some people would like to stop these changes and go back to what they see as a purer and simpler age. But as history shows, the past was not that wonderful. It was not so bad for a privileged minority, though even they had to do without mod

51、ern medicine, and childbirth was highly risky for women. But for the vast majority of the population, life was nasty, brutish, and short. 公眾科學(xué)觀斯蒂芬·霍金 無論我們是否愿意，我們生活的世界在過去一百年間已經(jīng)變化了許多，而且在未來的一百年里可能變化更多。有人想中止這種種變化，回到那個他們認(rèn)為更純潔更樸素的時代。但正如歷史所表明的，過去并非那么美妙。過去對享有特權(quán)的少數(shù)人不算太糟，但即便他們也無從享受現(xiàn)代醫(yī)療，而生育對婦女來說風(fēng)險極大。對占人口大

52、多數(shù)的民眾而言，生活是艱難、殘忍而又短暫的。 2 Anyway, even if one wanted to, one couldn't put the clock back to an earlier age. Knowledge and techniques can't just be forgotten. Nor can one prevent further advances in the future. Even if all government money for research were cut off (and the present government

53、is doing its best), the force of competition would still bring about advances in technology. Moreover, one cannot stop inquiring minds from thinking about basic science, whether or not they are paid for it. The only way to prevent further developments would be a global state that suppressed anything

54、 new, and human initiative and inventiveness are such that even this wouldn't succeed. All it would do is slow down the rate of change. 不管怎樣，即使有人想這么做，他也無法將時鐘撥回到早先的時代。知識與技術(shù)不可能說忘就忘了。也沒有人能阻止未來的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。即使所有用于研究的政府資金都被取消 （現(xiàn)政府最擅此事），競爭的力量仍將繼續(xù)帶來技術(shù)的發(fā)展。更何況，沒有人能阻止探究求索之士去思索基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)，無論他們是否會為此得到酬勞。惟一能阻止進(jìn)一步發(fā)展的辦法或許是一

55、個壓制任何新事物的全球政府，但人類的進(jìn)取心與創(chuàng)造力如此旺盛，即便這個政府也不會成功。它所能做到的只是延緩變化的速度。 3 If we accept that we cannot prevent science and technology from changing our world, we can at least try to ensure that the changes they make are in the right directions. In a democratic society, this means that the public needs to have a b

56、asic understanding of science, so that it can make informed decisions and not leave them in the hands of experts. At the moment, the public is in two minds about science. It has come to expect the steady increase in the standard of living that new developments in science and technology have brought

57、to continue, but it also distrusts science because it doesn't understand it. This distrust is evident in the cartoon figure of the mad scientist working in his laboratory to produce a Frankenstein. It is also an important element behind support for the Green parties. But the public also has a gr

58、eat interest in science, particularly astronomy, as is shown by the large audiences for television series such as The Sky at Night and for science fiction. 如果我們承認(rèn)，我們無法阻止科學(xué)技術(shù)改變我們的世界，我們至少可以努力確保科技帶來的變化方向正確。在一個民主社會里，這意味著公眾需要對科學(xué)有一個基本的了解，從而可以作出明達(dá)的決定，而不是把決定留給專家去作。目前，公眾對科學(xué)存有矛盾之心。公眾期望科技新發(fā)展帶來的生活水準(zhǔn)的穩(wěn)定提高能繼續(xù)，但又懷

59、疑科學(xué)，因?yàn)樗麄儾欢茖W(xué)。那個在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里設(shè)法制造弗蘭肯斯泰因的瘋狂的科學(xué)家的卡通人物清楚地體現(xiàn)了公眾的這種懷疑。這也是人們之所以支持各種綠色組織的一個重要因素。但公眾同時也對科學(xué)深感興趣，尤其是對天文學(xué)，諸如夜空之類的電視連續(xù)劇觀眾不少以及科幻小說讀者甚多就是明證。 4 What can be done to harness this interest and give the public the scientific background it needs to make informed decisions on subjects like acid rain, the greenhou

60、se effect, nuclear weapons, and genetic engineering? Clearly, the basis must lie in what is taught in schools. But in schools science is often presented in a dry and uninteresting manner. Children learn it by rote to pass examinations, and they don't see its relevance to the world around them. Moreover, science is often taught in terms of equations. Altho